2,335 research outputs found
Another determination of the quark condensate from an overlap action
I use the technique of Hernandez, et al (hep-lat/0106011) to convert a recent
calculation of the lattice-regulated quark condensate from an overlap action to
a continuum-regulated number. I find Sigma(MSbar)(mu = 2 GeV) = (282(6)
MeV)-cubed times (a-inverse/1766 MeV)-cubed from a calculation with the Wilson
gauge action at beta=5.9.Comment: 3 pages, Revtex, 1 postscript figure. References added. COLO-HEP-47
Long-term option pricing with a lower reflecting barrier
This paper considers the pricing of long-term options on assets such as housing, where either government intervention or the economic nature of the asset limits large falls in prices. The observed asset price is modelled by a geometric Brownian motion (âthe notional priceâ) reflected at a lower barrier. The resulting observed price has standard dynamics but with localised intervention at the barrier, which allows arbitrage with interim losses; this is funded by the governmentâs unlimited powers of intervention, and its exploitation is subject to credit constraints. Despite the lack of an equivalent martingale measure for the observed price, options on this price can be expressed as compound options on the arbitrage-free notional price, to which standard risk-neutral arguments can be applied. Because option deltas tend to zero when the observed price approaches the barrier, hedging with the observed price gives the same results as hedging with the notional price and so exactly replicates option payoffs.
Hedging schemes are not unique, with the cheapest scheme for any derivative being the one which best exploits the interventions at the barrier. The price of a put is clear: direct replication has a lower initial cost than synthetic replication, and the replication portfolio always has positive value. The price of a call is ambiguous: synthetic replication has a lower initial cost than direct replication, but the replication portfolio may give interim losses. So the preferred replication strategy (and hence price) of a call depends on what margin payments need to be made on these losses
Slow dynamics for the dilute Ising model in the phase coexistence region
In this paper we consider the Glauber dynamics for a disordered ferromagnetic
Ising model, in the region of phase coexistence. It was conjectured several
decades ago that the spin autocorrelation decays as a negative power of time
[Huse and Fisher, Phys. Rev. B, 1987]. We confirm this behavior by establishing
a corresponding lower bound in any dimensions , together with an
upper bound when . Our approach is deeply connected to the Wulff
construction for the dilute Ising model. We consider initial phase profiles
with a reduced surface tension on their boundary and prove that, under mild
conditions, those profiles are separated from the (equilibrium) pure plus phase
by an energy barrier.Comment: 44 pages, 6 figure
Risk homeostasis theory - A study of intrinsic compensation
Risk homeostasis theory (RHT) suggests that changes made to the intrinsic risk of environments are negated in one of three ways: behavioural adjustments within the environment, mode migration, and avoidance of the physical risk. To date, this three-way model of RHT has little empirical support, whilst research findings on RHT have at times been diametrically opposed. A reconciliation of apparently opposing findings might be possible by suggesting that extrinsic compensation fails to restore previously existing levels of actual risk in cases where behavioural adjustments within the environment are incapable of negating intrinsic risk changes. This paper reports a study in which behavioural adjustments within the physical risk-taking environment are capable of reconciling target with actual risk. The results provide positive support for RHT in the form of overcompensation for the intrinsic risk change on specific driver behaviours
Many-body approach to proton emission and the role of spectroscopic factors
The process of proton emission from nuclei is studied by utilizing the
two-potential approach of Gurvitz and Kalbermann in the context of the full
many-body problem. A time-dependent approach is used for calculating the decay
width. Starting from an initial many-body quasi-stationary state, we employ the
Feshbach projection operator approach and reduce the formalism to an effective
one-body problem. We show that the decay width can be expressed in terms of a
one-body matrix element multiplied by a normalization factor. We demonstrate
that the traditional interpretation of this normalization as the square root of
a spectroscopic factor is only valid for one particular choice of projection
operator. This causes no problem for the calculation of the decay width in a
consistent microscopic approach, but it leads to ambiguities in the
interpretation of experimental results. In particular, spectroscopic factors
extracted from a comparison of the measured decay width with a calculated
single-particle width may be affected.Comment: 17 pages, Revte
Mapping Class Group Actions on Quantum Doubles
We study representations of the mapping class group of the punctured torus on
the double of a finite dimensional possibly non-semisimple Hopf algebra that
arise in the construction of universal, extended topological field theories. We
discuss how for doubles the degeneracy problem of TQFT's is circumvented. We
find compact formulae for the -matrices using the canonical,
non degenerate forms of Hopf algebras and the bicrossed structure of doubles
rather than monodromy matrices. A rigorous proof of the modular relations and
the computation of the projective phases is supplied using Radford's relations
between the canonical forms and the moduli of integrals. We analyze the
projective -action on the center of for an
-st root of unity. It appears that the -dimensional
representation decomposes into an -dimensional finite representation and a
-dimensional, irreducible representation. The latter is the tensor product
of the two dimensional, standard representation of and the finite,
-dimensional representation, obtained from the truncated TQFT of the
semisimplified representation category of .Comment: 45 page
Evaluating system utility and conceptual fit using CASSM
There is a wealth of user-centred evaluation methods (UEMs) to support the analyst in assessing interactive systems. Many of these support detailed aspects of use â for example: Is the feedback helpful? Are labels appropriate? Is the task structure optimal? Few UEMs encourage the analyst to step back and consider how well a system supports usersâ conceptual understandings and system utility. In this paper, we present CASSM, a method which focuses on the quality of âfitâ between users and an interactive system. We describe the methodology of conducting a CASSM analysis and illustrate the approach with three contrasting worked examples (a robotic arm, a digital library system and a drawing tool) that demonstrate different depths of analysis. We show how CASSM can help identify re-design possibilities to improve system utility. CASSM complements established evaluation methods by focusing on conceptual structures rather than procedures. Prototype tool support for completing a CASSM analysis is provided by Cassata, an open source development
Does Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Improve Recovery Following Acute Ankle Sprain? A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial
Aim:
Following soft tissue ankle injury, patients are often referred for out-patient physiotherapy and present symptoms including pain, reduced range of movement and function, and oedema. In this study, we assess the use of a neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) device as an adjunctive therapy to reduce oedema in patients recovering from grade I and II ankle sprains.
Methods:
This was a single-centre, pilot randomised controlled study, recruiting patients referred to physiotherapy following an ankle sprain. Participants presenting with oedema were randomised to one of two treatment groups: (1) the current standard of care and (2) the current standard of care plus NMES use. Participants were identified in an emergency department and referred to a physiotherapy department for treatment 1 to 5 days following the injury and returned to clinic 7 days later.
Results:
Twenty-two participants completed the study and had full data sets for analysis (11 in each group). Mean volumetric displacement was reduced in the intervention group in comparison to the standard care group (P = .011); however, there were no between-group differences in figure of eight measurements, function or pain scores. The device was well tolerated, with no device-related adverse events recorded.
Conclusions:
In this pilot, randomised controlled trial, NMES was well tolerated by patients following ankle sprain and demonstrated statistically significant improvements in oedema reduction as measured by fluid displacement. No other changes were observed. Further work will need to confirm the clinical significance and effect on longer term recovery post-ankle sprain
Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics on the Event Horizon for Interacting Dark Energy
Here we are trying to find the conditions for the validity of the generalized
second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) assuming the first law of thermodynamics on
the event horizon in both cases when the FRW universe is filled with
interacting two fluid system- one in the form of cold dark matter and the other
is either holographic dark energy or new age graphic dark energy. Using the
recent observational data we have found that GSLT holds both in quintessence
era as well as in phantom era for new age graphic model while for holographic
dark energy GSLT is valid only in phantom era.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure
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