Do Uso E Cobertura Da Terra à Experiência Etnográfica: Croquis E Imagens De Satélite Na Amazônia Rural Brasileira

The objective of this work is to explore two perspectives on land use and land cover change (LULC) in agricultural settlements of the Amazon region within an ethnographic experience: a “technical-scientific” view that defines LULC from afar using remote sensing techniques (classification and analysis of satellite imagery), and a “local” perspective that defines LULC by local farmers and residents using participatory sketch maps. This paper summarizes research results and the ethnographic experiences through which these perspectives may be formed, especially similarities and differences among the two. The analysis and results are divided into three views: one in which these perspectives are given equivalency across LULC studies; another describing the ethnographic experience according to an affective-intellectual intersectionality; and, finally, one that identifies a diagonally-shifting perspective, described as an expression of the spatial understanding of farmers produced through the ethnographic experience. © 2016, Centro em Rede de Investigacao em Antropologia. All rights reserved.20358360

A Comparative Study of Pentaquark Interpolating Currents

In a diquark-diquark-antiquark picture of pentaquarks, we use two interpolating currents to calculate the mass of the recently measured $\Xi^{--}$ state in the framework of QCD sum rules. We show that, even though yielding similar values for $m_{\Xi^{--}}$ (and close to the experimental value), these currents differ from each other in what concerns the strength of the pole, convergence of the OPE and sensitivity to the continuum threshold parameter.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, replaced version accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.

Toxicidade de sementes de fedegoso (Cassia occidentalis L.) para frangos de corte

Three experiments were carried out in order to determine toxic levels of Cassia occidentalis seeds added to broiler feed. On the first two experiments 640 one day-old sexed broiler chicks were used. The level of inclusion in starter feed of the first trial were 0; 2; 4 and 6% and the mortality rates obtained were 5.77; 84.62; 100 and 100%, respectively. In the second trial, levels utilized were 0; 0.5; 1 and 2% and the mortality rates were 0; 3.29; 15.73 and 89.47%, respectively. 960 3-day-old sexed chicks were used in the third experiment. In the starter (4 to 31 days of age) and finisher (32 to 52 days) experimental rations the seeds were added at 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4 and 0.5%. The final body weights were 2.01; 1.95; 1.95; 1.90; 1.77 and 1.58 kg, respectively, being the three highest level groups different from the control. Feed consumption (4.33; 4.32; 4.32; 4.28; 4.08 and 3.80 kg, respectively) and feed conversion (2.15; 2.21; 2.22; 2.25; 2.31 and 2.41, respectively) were significantly different at 0.4 and 0.5% of seed inclusion comparing to the control group. Histologic aspects of birds that were fed with toxic seeds were characterized by a degenerative process found in the heart, liver, pancreas, kidneys, skeletic muscle and intestines. Mortality rates were 2.77; 2.08; 2.08; 0.69; 0.69 and 0%, respectively.Foram realizados três ensaios com o objetivo de se determinar o nível de toxicidade da contaminação de sementes de Cassia occidentalis na alimentação de frangos de corte. Nos dois primeiros ensaios foram utilizadas 640 aves de 1 dia de idade. Os níveis de adição da semente no primeiro ensaio foram, 0; 2; 4 e 6%, obtendo-se 5,77; 84,62; 100 e 100% de mortalidade, respectivamente. No segundo ensaio, os níveis utilizados foram 0; 0,5; 1 e 2%, obtendo-se 0; 3,29; 15,73 e 89,47% de mortalidade, respectivamente. No terceiro ensaio, utilizou-se 960 aves de 3 dias de idade. Adicionou-se a ração inicial (4-31 dias de idade) e final (32-52 dias) sementes moídas de fedegoso aos níveis de 0; 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4 e 0,5%. O peso médio final das aves foi 2,01; 1,95; 1,95; 1,90; 1,77 e 1,58 kg, respectivamente, observando-se diferença significativa (P < 0,05%) em relação ao controle para 0,3; 0,4 e 0,5% de adição. Os valores médios de consumo (4,33; 4,32; 4,32; 4,28; 4,08 e 3,80 kg, respectivamente) e da conversão alimentar (2,15; 2,21; 2,22; 2,25; 2,31 e 2,41, respectivamente) foram significativamente diferentes (P < 0,05%) para 0,4 e 0,5% de adição das sementes em relação ao grupo controle. O aspecto histológico de órgãos e tecidos das aves que receberam C.occidentalis, sacrificadas no término das fases inicial e final, foi característico de um processo degenerativo observado no coração, fígado, pâncreas, rins, músculo estriado esquelético e intestinos. Os percentuais de mortalidade foram 2,77; 2,08; 2,08; 0,69; 0,69 e 0%, respectivamente

Revisiting consistency conditions for quantum states of systems on closed timelike curves: an epistemic perspective

There has been considerable recent interest in the consequences of closed timelike curves (CTCs) for the dynamics of quantum mechanical systems. A vast majority of research into this area makes use of the dynamical equations developed by Deutsch, which were developed from a consistency condition that assumes that mixed quantum states uniquely describe the physical state of a system. We criticise this choice of consistency condition from an epistemic perspective, i.e., a perspective in which the quantum state represents a state of knowledge about a system. We demonstrate that directly applying Deutsch's condition when mixed states are treated as representing an observer's knowledge of a system can conceal time travel paradoxes from the observer, rather than resolving them. To shed further light on the appropriate dynamics for quantum systems traversing CTCs, we make use of a toy epistemic theory with a strictly classical ontology due to Spekkens and show that, in contrast to the results of Deutsch, many of the traditional paradoxical effects of time travel are present.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, comments welcome; v2 added references and clarified some points; v3 published versio

The J/ψDDJ/\psi D D Vertex in QCD Sum Rules

The $J/\psi D D$ form factor is evaluated in a QCD sum rule calculation for both $D$ and $J/\psi$ off-shell mesons. We study the double Borel sum rule for the three point function of two pseudoscalar and one vector meson current. We find that the momentum dependence of the form factors is different if the $D$ or the $J/\psi$ meson is off-shell, but they lead to the same coupling constant in the $J/\psi D D$ vertex.Comment: 11 pages, Latex, 4 eps figure

Economic Impact of a Rotavirus Vaccine in Brazil

The study was done to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a national rotavirus vaccination programme in Brazilian children from the healthcare system perspective. A hypothetical annual birth-cohort was followed for a five-year period. Published and national administrative data were incorporated into a model to quantify the consequences of vaccination versus no vaccination. Main outcome measures included the reduction in disease burden, lives saved, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted. A rotavirus vaccinationprogramme in Brazil would prevent an estimated 1,804 deaths associated with gastroenteritis due to rotavirus, 91,127 hospitalizations, and 550,198 outpatient visits. Vaccination is likely to reduce 76% of the overall healthcare burden of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in Brazil. At a vaccine price of US$7-8 per dose, the cost-effectiveness ratio would be US$ 643 per DALY averted. Rotavirus vaccination can reduce the burden of gastroenteritis due to rotavirus at a reasonable cost-effectiveness ratio

Are Θ+\Theta^+ and the Roper resonance diquark-diquark-antiquark states?

We consider a $[ud]^2\bar{s}$ current in the QCD sum rule framework to study the mass of the recently observed pentaquark state $\Theta^+(1540)$, obtaining good agreement with the experimental value. We also study the mass of the pentaquark $[ud]^2\bar{d}$. Our results are compatible with the interpretation of the $[ud]^2\bar{d}$ state as being the Roper resonance N(1440), as suggested by Jaffe and Wilczek.Comment: 9 pages RevTex4 and 3 eps figures. Revised version accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.

Intermediate-energy differential and integral cross sections for vibrational excitation in α-tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol

9 pags.; 5 figs.; 6 tabs.Differential and integral cross section measurements, for incident electron energies in the 20-50 eV range, are reported for excitation of several composite vibrational modes in α-tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA). Optimisation and frequency calculations, using GAUSSIAN 09 at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ level, were also undertaken for the two most abundant conformers of THFA, with results being reported for their respective mode classifications and excitation energies. Those calculations assisted us in the experimental assignments of the composite features observed in our measured energy loss spectra. There are, to the best of our knowledge, no other experimental or theoretical data currently available in the literature against which we can compare the present results. © 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.Spanish (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad under Project FIS2012-31230) funding agencies who financially supported various aspects of this work.Peer Reviewe

Institutions and the uneven geography of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

This paper examines the uneven geography of COVID-19-related excess mortality during the first wave of the pandemic in Europe, before assessing the factors behind the geographical differences in impact. The analysis of 206 regions across 23 European countries reveals a distinct COVID-19 geography. Excess deaths were concentrated in a limited number of regions —expected deaths exceeded 20% in just 16 regions— with more than 40% of the regions considered experiencing no excess mortality during the first six months of 2020. Highly connected regions, in colder and dryer climates, with high air pollution levels, and relatively poorly endowed health systems witnessed the highest incidence of excess mortality. Institutional factors also played an important role. The first wave hit regions with a combination of weak and declining formal institutional quality and fragile informal institutions hardest. Low and declining national government effectiveness, together with a limited capacity to reach out across societal divides, and a frequent tendency to meet with friends and family were powerful drivers of regional excess mortality