STUDY OF CHARKOKTA ANGULA PRAMANA OF SHADANGA AND IT’S IMPACT ON PHYSICAL HEALTH

Body parts and their Pramana are specially described in Ayurveda which is an important part of Rachana Sharir. Description of Angula Pramana was found in Vedic Kala, Purana-Upanishad Kala. Samhita Kala like Vrahtai (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Sangraha, Astanga Hridya) Kashyapa Samhita, Bhela Samhita, Sharangadhara Samhita, Vangsena Samhita, and Kautilya Arthashastra. Pramanas are not useful only in Rog and Rogi Pariksha but also useful to know about his/her Ayu such as Hitaayu, Ahitaayu, Sukhayu and Dukhaayu. At the time of Acharya Charaka, the length and breadth of different Anga-Pratyanga was measured by using their own fingers. This technique of measurement is known as Anguli Pramana. Anguli Pramana which is based on Swa-Angula Pramana is used for measuring the dimensions (Ayam, Vistara and Parinaha etc.) of the different Anga Pratyanga of the body. The study was conducted on 200 volunteers in the age group of 16-40 years. One Angula as a unit of Angula Pramana was obtained by measuring the width of Madhyamparva of middle finger of working hand. The measurements were taken in centimetres for standardization as per metric system and then converted into Anguli Pramana based on individual. This article summarizes the facts related to Anguli Pramana from classical literature, Ayurvedic literature and modern literature along with result of our research work to identify the anatomical landmark of Shadanga to measure through Anguli Pramana and its impact on physical health in present era. At present, there are many physical anomalies either they are genetic disorders, endocrine disorders, traumatic injury which results as anatomical disfiguration of body parts that can distinguish from their Anguli pramana or anthropometry

“STUDY OF STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS AND CATION DISTRIBUTION OF CU2+ IONS SUBSTITUTED NICKEL FERRITES”

 Objective: To prepare and study the Cu2+ion substituted nickel ferrites with reference to structural parameters and cation distribution Materials and Methods: The samples of Cu2+ substituted nickel ferrites having the composition formula Ni1-XCuXFe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.4, 0.8.) were prepared by solid state reaction technique using AR grade oxides. The formation of mono phase cubic spinel structure of all the samples under investigation have been carried out using XRD technique at room temperature. X-ray diffraction data were used to calculate structural parameters and X-ray intensity ratios were calculated for selected planes (220), (400), (440) and compared with the observed intensity ratios in order to obtain cation distribution. Results: The results of the cation distribution indicate that Cu2+ and Fe3+ occupy both sites whereas Ni2+ occupy octahedral B site. In this work we report our results on structural parameters and cation distribution of mixed Ni-Cu spinel ferrites. Conclusion: The structural parameters of nickel-copper system increases with Copper ions

Multi-environment analysis of grain quality traits in recombinant inbred lines of a biparental cross in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

A set of 286 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) along with the parents and a popular wheat variety in India were grown for two consecutive years at three locations belonging to the two major wheat growing zones of India and evaluated for four grain quality traits. Rare recombinants with high trait value appeared for protein content (PC), thousand-kernel weight (TKW), sedimentation value (SV), and kernel hardness (KH). The magnitude of environmental effects was more pronounced than genotypic effects and genotype-environment interaction (GEI). The cumulative contribution of environment and GEI components to the total variance was highest in the expression of PC followed by TKW, SV, and KH. The top five percent (14 RILs) of genotypes with high trait value were subjected to Eberhart and Russell (1966) (ER), genotype and genotype-environment (GGE) and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) stability models. Five RILs were identified as stable in all the three stability models. RIL61 with 38.8%, RIL101 with 8.9%, RIL226 with 26.1% superiority over check variety were the most stable genotypes in all the three stability models for PC, TKW and KH, respectively. RIL113 was found to be stable genotype in ER and GGE models, whereas, RIL231 was the most stable genotype in AMMI and GGE models in the expression of SV. These common stable genotypes with high trait value identified through ER, AMMI and GGE models could be potential donors in active breeding programs to develop high yielding wheat varieties with improved PC, TKW, SV and KH

Volatility in atmospheric temperature variability

Using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), we study the scaling properties of the volatility time series $V_i=| T_{i+1}-T_i|$ of daily temperatures $T_i$ for ten chosen sites around the globe. We find that the volatility is long range power-law correlated with an e xponent $\gamma$ close to 0.8 for all sites considered here. We use this result to test the scaling performance of several state-of-the art global climate models and find that the models do not reproduce the observed scaling behavior.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Physica

Nucleon Spin-Polarisabilities from Polarisation Observables in Low-Energy Deuteron Compton Scattering

We investigate the dependence of polarisation observables in elastic deuteron Compton scattering below the pion production threshold on the spin-independent and spin-dependent iso-scalar dipole polarisabilities of the nucleon. The calculation uses Chiral Effective Field Theory with dynamical Delta(1232) degrees of freedom in the Small Scale Expansion at next-to-leading order. Resummation of the NN intermediate rescattering states and including the Delta induces sizeable effects. The analysis considers cross-sections and the analysing power of linearly polarised photons on an unpolarised target, and cross-section differences and asymmetries of linearly and circularly polarised beams on a vector-polarised deuteron. An intuitive argument helps one to identify kinematics in which one or several polarisabilities do not contribute. Some double-polarised observables are only sensitive to linear combinations of two of the spin-polarisabilities, simplifying a multipole-analysis of the data. Spin-polarisabilities can be extracted at photon energies \gtrsim 100 MeV, after measurements at lower energies of \lesssim 70 MeV provide high-accuracy determinations of the spin-independent ones. An interactive Mathematica 7.0 notebook of our findings is available from [email protected]: 30 pages LaTeX2e, including 22 figures as 66 .eps file embedded with includegraphicx; three errors in initial submission corrected. This submission includes ot the erratum to be published in EPJA (2012) and the corrections in the tex

Universal Correlations in Pion-less EFT with the Resonating Group Model: Three and Four Nucleons

The Effective Field Theory "without pions" at next-to-leading order is used to analyze universal bound state and scattering properties of the 3- and 4-nucleon system. Results of a variety of phase shift equivalent nuclear potentials are presented for bound state properties of 3H and 4He, and for the singlet S-wave 3He-neutron scattering length a_0(3He-n). The calculations are performed with the Refined Resonating Group Method and include a full treatment of the Coulomb interaction and the leading-order 3-nucleon interaction. The results compare favorably with data and values from AV18(+UIX) model calculations. A new correlation between a_0(3He-n) and the 3H binding energy is found. Furthermore, we confirm at next-to-leading order the correlations, already found at leading-order, between the 3H binding energy and the 3H charge radius, and the Tjon line. With the 3H binding energy as input, we get predictions of the Effective Field Theory "without pions" at next-to-leading order for the root mean square charge radius of 3H of (1.6\pm 0.2) fm, for the 4He binding energy of (28\pm 2.5) MeV, and for Re(a_0(3He-n)) of (7.5\pm 0.6)fm. Including the Coulomb interaction, the splitting in binding energy between 3H and 3He is found to be (0.66\pm 0.03) MeV. The discrepancy to data of (0.10\mp 0.03) MeV is model independently attributed to higher order charge independence breaking interactions. We also demonstrate that different results for the same observable stem from higher order effects, and carefully assess that numerical uncertainties are negligible. Our results demonstrate the convergence and usefulness of the pion-less theory at next-to-leading order in the 4He channel. We conclude that no 4-nucleon interaction is needed to renormalize the theory at next-to-leading order in the 4-nucleon sector.Comment: 24 pages revtex4, including 8 figures as .eps files embedded with includegraphicx, leading-order results added, calculations include the LO three-nucleon interaction explicitly, comment on Wigner bound added, minor modification

Comprehensive lung injury pathology induced by mTOR inhibitors

Molecular Targets in Oncology[Abstract] Interstitial lung disease is a rare side effect of temsirolimus treatment in renal cancer patients. Pulmonary fibrosis is characterised by the accumulation of extracellular matrix collagen, fibroblast proliferation and migration, and loss of alveolar gas exchange units. Previous studies of pulmonary fibrosis have mainly focused on the fibro-proliferative process in the lungs. However, the molecular mechanism by which sirolimus promotes lung fibrosis remains elusive. Here, we propose an overall cascade hypothesis of interstitial lung diseases that represents a common, partly underlying synergism among them as well as the lung pathogenesis side effects of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors