Estimación de la composición de la canal por ultrsonidos y por el modelo comunitario de clasificación de canales ligeras

El modelo comunitario de clasificación de canales de corderos definida en el REGLAMENTO (CEE) nº 2 137/92 se basa en la conformación y en la importancia de la capa de grasa subcutánea. No obstante, autoriza que los estados miembros definan otros criterios de clasificación para canales con menos de 13 kilogramos de peso, tales como: peso, color de la carne y capa de grasa subcutánea. Por otro lado, el REGLAMENTO (CEE) n°: 2967/85 establece que el desarrollo de métodos objetivos de clasificación de canales debe basarse en la estimación del porcentaje de carne magra en la canal. debiendo los métodos poseer un coeficiente de determinación (R2) superior a 0,64 y una desviación estándar residual {DER) inferior a 2,5% para que su utilización sea autorizada (Cadavez et al., 2000). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la precisión de modelos de estimación de la composición de la canal utilizando como variables independientes: 1. el peso de la canal caliente (PCC} y medidas de ultrasonidos realizadas in vivo y 2. el PCC y la clase de cobertura grasa (CCG) definida en el modelo comunitario de clasificación de canales de corderos ligeros

Animal model for chronic massive rotator cuff tear: behavioural and histologic analysis

Purpose Massive rotator cuff tears (MRCT) are usually chronic lesions that present associated degenerative changes of the myotendinous unit that have been implicated in limitations for surgical repair. In order to develop effective therapies, it is important to establish animal models that mimic the hallmarks of the injury itself. Therefore, in the present work, we aimed to (1) optimize a rodent animal model of MRCT that closely reproduces the fatty infiltration of the cuff muscles seen in humans and (2) describe the effects of unilateral or bilateral lesion in terms of histology and behaviour. Methods Massive tear was defined as two rotator cuff tendons—supraspinatus and infraspinatus—section. Twenty-one Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: bilateral lesion (five animals), right-sided unilateral lesion (five animals), left-sided unilateral lesion (five animals) and control (six animals). Behaviour was analyzed with open field and staircase test, 16 weeks after lesion. After that, animals were killed, and the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles were processed. Results Histologic analysis revealed adipocytes, fatty infiltration and atrophy in the injured side with a greater consistency of these degenerative changes in the bilateral lesion group. Behaviour analysis revealed a significant functional impairment of the fine motor control of the forepaw analyzed in staircase test where the number of eaten pellets was significantly higher in sham animals (sham = 7 ± 5.0; left unilateral = 2.6 ± 3.0; right unilateral = 0 ± 0; and bilateral = 0 ± 0, p left unilateral = 2 ± 2.1 > right unilateral = 0.8 ± 1.3 > bilateral = 0.8 ± 1.1). Conclusions The present study has been able to establish an animal model that disclosed the hallmarks of MRCT. This can now be used as a valuable, cost-effective, pre-clinical instrument to assist in the development of advanced tissue engineered strategies. Moreover, this animal model overcomes some of the limitations of those that have been reported so far and thus represents a more reliable source for the assessment of future therapeutic strategies with potential clinical relevance.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2—O Novo Norte), ao abrigo do Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional (QREN), através do Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER

Measuring the impact on impedance spectroscopy of pseudo-reference electrode accumulations

Silver is widely used on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) to provide a reference potential for electrochemical measurements such as impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The redox activity between silver and electrolyte in SPE-based experiments is rarely reported in detail, despite the critical reliance of potentiometric measurement accuracy on the predictability of reactions at reference electrodes. In this work, potassium ferrous cyanides typically used as electrolyte components were shown to adsorb to the silver surface when applied to SPEs. EIS was performed in a two-electrode configuration to demonstrate redox instability at the silver electrode, highlighting the need for evaluation of similar systems to prevent reference potential drift caused by side reaction depositions

Asthma App Use and Interest Among Patients With Asthma: A Multicenter Study

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Chromophores in operative surgery: Current practice and rationalized development

BackgroundChromophore-containing molecules feature extensively in surgical practice, with synthetic dyes gaining popularity over endogenous optical adjuncts. New applications for chromophores in diagnostics and operative treatment exploit unique chemical structures suited for illuminating target tissues beyond the visual spectrum, ranging from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR). This review outlines the rationale for surgical chromophore application, the weaknesses and risks in each class of these compounds, and areas of foreseeable potential for employment of specialized contrast agents.MethodAn English-language literature search applied the following Boolean Search String: “dye OR Lake OR Stain OR chromophore” AND “tox$OR terato* OR carcino$ OR Allerg$OR surg$ OR clinic” using EMBASE, PUBMED, PUBMED central and OVIDSp, with back-referencing through Web of Knowledge™.ResultsBased on the primary literature, this study proposes a surgically relevant classification system of chromophores in current use, which facilitates risk/benefit consideration for the surgeon who employs them, and which facilitates clinically oriented development.ConclusionsThe next stage of development for optically active surgical adjuncts must address practical constraints whilst minimizing risks of adverse effects. Exploiting the technology's full potential also requires improvements in the usefulness of imagery equipment

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery