544 research outputs found
Preslaughter diet management in sheep and goats: effects on physiological responses and microbial loads on skin and carcass
Sixteen crossbred buck goats (Kiko x Spanish; BW = 32.8 kg) and wether sheep (Dorset x Suffolk; BW = 39.9 kg) were used to determine the effect of preslaughter diet and feed deprivation time (FDT) on physiological responses and microbial loads on skin and carcasses. Experimental animals were fed either a concentrate (CD) or a hay diet (HD) for 4 d and then deprived of feed for either 12-h or 24-h before slaughter. Blood samples were collected for plasma cortisol and blood metabolite analyses. Longisimus muscle (LM) pH was measured. Skin and carcass swabs were obtained to assess microbial loads. Plasma creatine kinase activity (863.9 and 571.7 ± 95.21 IU) and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations (1,056.1 and 589.8 ± 105.01 mEq/L) were different (P < 0.05) between sheep and goats. Species and diet treatments had significant effects on the ultimate pH of LM. Pre-holding total coliform (TCC) and aerobic plate counts (APC) of skin were significantly different between species. Goats had lower (P < 0.05) TCC (2.1 vs. 3.0 log(10) CFU/cm(2)) and APC (8.2 vs. 8.5 log(10) CFU/cm(2)) counts in the skin compared to sheep. Preslaughter skin E. coli counts and TCC were different (P < 0.05) between species. Goats had lower (P < 0.05) counts of E. coli (2.2 vs. 2.9 log(10) CFU/cm(2)) and TCC (2.3 vs. 3.0 log(10) CFU/cm(2)) in the skin compared with those in sheep. Diet, species, and FDT had no effect (P > 0.05) on E. coli and TCC in carcass swab samples. The APC of carcass swab samples were only affected (P < 0.05) by the FDT. The results indicated that preslaughter dietary management had no significant changes on hormone and blood metabolite concentrations and sheep might be more prone for fecal contamination than goats in the holding pens at abattoir
Effect of non-use of antibiotics on the zootechnical performance of cobb 500 broiler chickens at the Diallo farm in the commune of Korhogo, northern Côte d'Ivoire.
This study was conducted at the Diallo farm in the commune of Korhogo, precisely in the new district. The general objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of not using antibiotics on the zootechnical performance of Cobb 500 broiler chickens. The experimental device consisted of constituting 2 batches of 50 broiler chickens. Batch 1, which is the control batch, did not receive antibiotics after the start until the end of the experiment. Batch 2 received antibiotics for six (6) weeks. The results showed that the broilers of batch 1 obtained the best zootechnical performance. After 42 days of breeding, the chickens of this batch consumed 6300 ml of water and 3150 g of food per bird. They obtained an average weight of 2230g against 1950g for batch 2. Similarly, they obtained a low mortality rate (8%) and a better carcass yield (75.33%). Ultimately, breeders would benefit from avoiding antibiotics for better zootechnical performance in broilers and to preserve human health
Response of CsI(Tl) scintillators over a large range in energy and atomic number of ions (Part I): recombination and delta -- electrons
A simple formalism describing the light response of CsI(Tl) to heavy ions,
which quantifies the luminescence and the quenching in terms of the competition
between radiative transitions following the carrier trapping at the Tl
activator sites and the electron-hole recombination, is proposed. The effect of
the delta rays on the scintillation efficiency is for the first time
quantitatively included in a fully consistent way. The light output expression
depends on four parameters determined by a procedure of global fit to
experimental data.Comment: 28 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Nucl. Inst. Meth.
Multifragmentation process for different mass asymmetry in the entrance channel around the Fermi energy
The influence of the entrance channel asymmetry upon the fragmentation
process is addressed by studying heavy-ion induced reactions around the Fermi
energy. The data have been recorded with the INDRA 4pi array. An event
selection method called the Principal Component Analysis is presented and
discussed. It is applied for the selection of central events and furthermore to
multifragmentation of single source events. The selected subsets of data are
compared to the Statistical Multifragmentation Model (SMM) to check the
equilibrium hypothesis and get the source characteristics. Experimental
comparisons show the evidence of a decoupling between thermal and compresional
(radial flow) degrees of freedom in such nuclear systems.Comment: 28 pages, 15 figures, article sumitted to Nuclear Physics
Higher order WKB corrections to black hole entropy in brick wall formalism
We calculate the statistical entropy of a quantum field with an arbitrary
spin propagating on the spherical symmetric black hole background by using the
brick wall formalism at higher orders in the WKB approximation. For general
spins, we find that the correction to the standard Bekenstein-Hawking entropy
depends logarithmically on the area of the horizon. Furthermore, we apply this
analysis to the Schwarzschild and Schwarzschild-AdS black holes and discuss our
results.Comment: 21 pages, published versio
Multifragmentation in Xe(50A MeV)+Sn Confrontation of theory and data
We compare in detail central collisions Xe(50A MeV) + Sn, recently measured
by the INDRA collaboration, with the Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) model in
order to identify the reaction mechanism which leads to multifragmentation. We
find that QMD describes the data quite well, in the projectile/target region as
well as in the midrapidity zone where also statistical models can be and have
been employed. The agreement between QMD and data allows to use this dynamical
model to investigate the reaction in detail. We arrive at the following
observations: a) the in medium nucleon nucleon cross section is not
significantly different from the free cross section, b) even the most central
collisions have a binary character, c) most of the fragments are produced in
the central collisions and d) the simulations as well as the data show a strong
attractive in-plane flow resembling deep inelastic collisions e) at midrapidity
the results from QMD and those from statistical model calculations agree for
almost all observables with the exception of . This
renders it difficult to extract the reaction mechanism from midrapidity
fragments only. According to the simulations the reaction shows a very early
formation of fragments, even in central collisions, which pass through the
reaction zone without being destroyed. The final transverse momentum of the
fragments is very close to the initial one and due to the Fermi motion. A
heating up of the systems is not observed and hence a thermal origin of the
spectra cannot be confirmed.Comment: figures 1 and 2 changed (no more ps -errors
GENETIC EVALUATION OF SEED TRAITS FROM INTRASPECIFIC CROSSING OF GENETICALLY DISTINCT WATERMELON VARIETIES
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura and Nakai (Cucurbitaceae) is an
important cucurbit crop worldwide. Global production of watermelon is
about 90 million metric tonnes per annum, making it among the top five
most consumed fresh fruits. The objective of this study was to evaluate
seed variability in different segregating populations, and determine
heritability of traits of watermelon. Interspecific crosses were made
between two cultivars of C. lanatus (Bebu and Wl\ueawl\uea Small
Seeds (WSS) were performed at Research Station of Nangui Abrogoua
University in Abidjan, C\uf4te d\u2019Ivoire. There was wide
variability between parental, F1, BC1 (first generation of
back-crossing) and F2 seeds. Seeds of all hybrid populations were
intermediate versus those of the parents. Also, crossing did not affect
F1 and F2 seed characters, but affected those of BC1 because of
maternal effects. Thus, back-crossing on Bebu cultivar produced seeds
which looked like those of Bebu; while back-crossing on WSS cultivar
produced seeds similar to those of WSS. Principal Component Analysis
(PCA) and individuals repartitioning revealed that Bebu and WSS
cultivars were genetically distinct and showed three main groups: two
groups from each parental line and one from a recombinant line
(hybrids). F2 population had a wide individual\u2019s dispersion, and
contained seeds of all other populations. High heritability was
observed for all evaluated characters.Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumara et Nakai (Cucurbitac\ue9e) est
une importante cucurbite dans le monde entier. La production annuelle
globale est d\u2019environ 90 million de tonne, ce qui place cette
culture parmi les cinq fruits les plus consomm\ue9s crus.
L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude est d\u2019\ue9valuer la
variabilit\ue9 des graines de diff\ue9rentes populations en
s\ue9gr\ue9gation et de d\ue9terminer
l\u2019h\ue9ritabilit\ue9 des caract\ue8res chez
l\u2019esp\ue8ce Citrullus lanatus. Pour cela, un croisement
intersp\ue9cifique entre deux cultivars de Citrullus lanatus (Bebu et
Wl\ueawl\uea \ue0 petites graines (WSS)) a \ue9t\ue9
effectu\ue9 \ue0 la station de recherche de l\u2019Universit\ue9
Nangui Abrogoua d\u2019Abidjan (C\uf4te d\u2019Ivoire). Il existe
une variabilit\ue9 importante entre les graines parentales, F1, BC1
(premi\ue8re g\ue9n\ue9ration de back-cross) et F2. Les graines
de toutes les populations hybrides sont interm\ue9diaires \ue0
celles des parents. Aussi, le sens de croisement n\u2019affecte pas
les caract\ue8res des graines F1 et F2 mais affecte ceux des graines
BC1 \ue0 cause de l\u2019effet maternel. Ainsi, un backcross
effectu\ue9 sur le cultivar Bebu produit des graines semblables aux
graines de Bebu tandis qu\u2019un backcross effectu\ue9 sur le
cultivar WSS produit des graines semblables aux graines de WSS.
L\u2019Analyse en Composantes Principales et la r\ue9partition des
individus dans le plan permettent d\u2019observer que les cultivars
Bebu et WSS sont g\ue9n\ue9tiquement distincts et montrent trois
principaux groupes\ua0: deux groupes de chaque type parental et un
type recombinant (hybride). La population F2 a une large dispersion et
se compose des graines de toutes les autres populations. Une forte
h\ue9ritabilit\ue9 a \ue9t\ue9 observ\ue9e pour tous les
caract\ue8res \ue9valu\ue9s. En somme, la variabilit\ue9 des
graines observ\ue9es dans les populations en s\ue9gr\ue9gation
chez C. lanatus pourrait \ueatre due \ue0 des effets
g\ue9n\ue9tique
Effect of the intermediate velocity emissions on the quasi-projectile properties for the Ar+Ni system at 95 A.MeV
The quasi-projectile (QP) properties are investigated in the Ar+Ni collisions
at 95 A.MeV taking into account the intermediate velocity emission. Indeed, in
this reaction, between 52 and 95 A.MeV bombarding energies, the number of
particles emitted in the intermediate velocity region is related to the overlap
volume between projectile and target. Mean transverse energies of these
particles are found particularly high. In this context, the mass of the QP
decreases linearly with the impact parameter from peripheral to central
collisions whereas its excitation energy increases up to 8 A.MeV. These results
are compared to previous analyses assuming a pure binary scenario
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