Infinite S-expansion with ideal subtraction and some applications

According to the literature, the S-expansion procedure involving a finite semigroup is valid no matter what the structure of the original Lie (super)algebra is; however, when something about the structure of the starting (super)algebra is known and when certain particular conditions are met, the S-expansion method (with its features of resonance and reduction) is able not only to lead to several kinds of expanded (super)algebras but also to reproduce the effects of the standard as well as the generalized Inönü-Wigner contraction. In the present paper, we propose a new prescription for S-expansion, involving an infinite abelian semigroup S^(∞) and the subtraction of an infinite ideal subalgebra. We show that the subtraction of the infinite ideal subalgebra corresponds to a reduction. Our approach is a generalization of the finite S-expansion procedure presented in the literature, and it offers an alternative view of the generalized Inönü-Wigner contraction. We then show how to write the invariant tensors of the target (super)algebras in terms of those of the starting ones in the infinite S-expansion context presented in this work. We also give some interesting examples of application on algebras and superalgebras

Nutrition is Perceived as an Ecosystem Service of the Mangrove by Rural People in Ecuador

The mangrove ecosystem is considered as the source of livelihood, particularly for coastal areas. This study explores the perception of the inhabitants of Puerto El Morro and the island of Costa Rica (Ecuador) against the ecosystem services of the mangrove. Seven quantitative variables were used on the Likert scale by performing exploratory factor analysis. The results were based on a sample of 94 participants finding 2 factors, tourism (29.07% of variance) and nutritious food production (25.45% of variance remaining). The reliability of the questionnaire was acceptable according to Cronbach’s Alpha 0.654. A confirmatory factor analysis is necessary to revalidate the items of the factors. Keywords: coastal communities, eating, mangroves, livelihoods, nutrition. Resumen El ecosistema de manglar se considera fuente de medios de vida, en particular para zonas costeras. Este estudio explora la percepción de los habitantes de Puerto El Morro y la isla Costa Rica (Ecuador) frente a los servicios ecosistémicos del manglar. Se utilizaron 7 variables cuantitativas en escala de Likert realizando análisis factorial exploratorio. Los resultados parten de una muestra de 94 participantes, hallando 2 factores: turismo (29,07% de varianza) y producción alimentos nutritivos (25,45% de varianza restante). La confiabilidad del cuestionario fue aceptable según el Alfa de Cronbach 0.654. Es necesario un análisis factorial confirmatorio para revalidar los ítems de los factores. Palabras Clave: comunidades costeras; alimentación; manglares; medios de vida; nutrición

Methodology of Construction of an Algorithm for the Systemic Learning of First Semester Students of the TICs Subject

Algorithms have become the primary source to start programming. Particularly, making an algorithm from a given problem and converting it into a program is of great importance for analysts, technologists, and computer engineers, that is why this article aims to give a clear idea of how to develop an algorithm for any given problem. The objective of this work was to develop a methodology that is not so complex and that allows our students to perform the algorithm, pseudo-code, flow diagram and finally be able to carry out the program. The tests carried out show that the methodology used gives good results, achieving a significant improvement in the learning of students in the first semester of industrial engineering.   Keywords: algorithms, flow diagrams, program, programming, software engineerin

Estudio Preliminar Sobre La Decoloración Del Residual Líquido De La Producción De Papel Mediante Ozonización

Preliminarily, the relationship between Color Reduction (%RC), Total Suspended Solids concentration (SST), and as independent variable, the time of Ozone Oxidation Process, was evaluated with reference values of DQO of the black liquor adjusting its concentration from SST to 300 and 50mg/dm3. A batch reactor of 12,60dm3, an effective height of 3,2dm and an ozone generating device from SEFILTRA company (air flow of 2dm3/min, c(O3) of 9,50mg/dm3 with a O3(g) production 19mg/min) was used. The polynomic correlation was determined from 192 data sets with satisfactory adjustment level (R=0,92; p <0,001). Although, preliminarily, the DQO reduction (%RDQO) was not included in the polynomial relationship, it can be concluded that: a) The %RC and %RDQO is reduced when color and DQO increases from the ozonized sample at same time intervals; this reduction is greater when the SST levels of the ozonized sample increases. b) The %RC and %RDQO decrease when the SST level of the ozonized sample increases. c) Depending on the initial color, of the DQO and of the SST level of the sample, values from 10 to 53 %Rc were obtained after 10 min, and of 66 to 94 %Rc after 60 min

A bilateral whitish lesion on the mucosa of the cheek

An 8-year-old girl with no medical history presented with a bilateral whitish lesion on the mucosa of the cheek, evident since early childhood. There was no relevant family history, and her parents had not presented similar lesions. They reported a progressive growth of the lesion in the last months, for which she had been evaluated by maxillofacial surgery, the lesion being oriented as a frictional keratosis. However, the use of occlusal splint was not associated with any improvement. She was otherwise asymptomatic. Physical examination revealed a bilateral, whitish, well-demarcated cheek mucosal plaque, which partially coincided with the dental occlusion line. The lesion did not detach with scratching (Figure 1). No other alterations were observed in the oral cavity or in the systematic physical examination

Detection and analysis of tumour biomarkers to strengthen the diagnosis of acute and chronic leukaemias

AbstractMolecular markers in leukaemia are essential to diagnose, establish prognosis factors and determine the correct treatment of patients; therefore, it is imperative to include molecular biology studies, so that, combined with cytomorphology and immunophenotyping studies, they constitute the differential diagnosis of these neoplasias. It is extremely important to implement a panel of molecular markers that allows us to detect oncogenes derived from chromosomal translocations, genes derived from epigenetic alterations and drug-resistant genes.A panel of molecular markers that included 11 genes derived from chromosomal translocations BCR-ABL major and minor breakpoints, E2A-PBX1, MLL-AF4, TEL-AML1, PML-RARα, AML1-ETO was standardised; cancer testis antigens (CTA) derived from NY-ESO1 and MAGE-A3 epigenetic alterations and multi-drug-resistant genes ABCB1 and ABCG2. 30 patients diagnosed with leukaemia from Mexico's General Hospital (Hospital General de Mexico) were included. They suffered from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML); bone marrow mononuclear cells were used, from which RNA was extracted for the synthesis of cDNA and RT-PCR for each of the markers. In acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), BCR-ABL biomarkers expressed under 30% (3/10), E2A-PBX1 10% (1/10), ABC-B1 80% (8/10), and ABC-G2 60% (6/10). Patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) expressed 30% PML-RARα (3/10), 40% ABC-B1 (4/10), and 10% ABC-G2 (1/10). Lastly, in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), BCR-ABL was over 100% (10/10), ABC-B1 20% (2/10), and ABC-G2 50% (5/10). The presence of transcripts from chimeric genes minor BCR-ABL and E2A-PBX1 in ALL; PML-RARα in AML; and major BCR-ABL in CML, confirms the importance that the panel of molecular markers has in strengthening the diagnosis and prognosis of these conditions

La escuela rural y la política educativa española. Diferencias entre comunidades autónomas.

La educación en contextos rurales es un ámbito que requiere de un tratamiento acorde con su potencial social y productivo, mediante un diálogo permanente entre la identidad que caracteriza la ruralidad y la cultura actual, globalizante y procedente de diferentes medios; además implica el desarrollo de componentes culturales, científico-tecnológicos y productivos que posibiliten un aprendizaje que permita a las personas construir y reconstruir su entorno. En este sentido el trabajo realiza un análisis de la política educacional desarrollada en aquellas Comunidades Autónomas del Estado español en las que desde el año 2010 se está desarrollando el proyecto EDU2009-134607 sobre eficacia y calidad en la escuela rural. Este análisis surge de la necesidad de perfilar una identidad respecto al desarrollo de su territorio-tanto urbano como rural-, asumiendo la diversidad para conseguir una construcción cultural abierta y dialogante. Nuestro referente, la publicación de la Constitución de 1978 como punto de partida del Estado de las Autonomías y sus implicaciones en el diseño de las políticas educativas relacionadas con la educación en contextos rurales; y todo ello teniendo en cuenta que la ruralidad es un signo destacado de la estructura social, económica, territorial, administrativa y escolar de todo el Estado Español y que, por tanto, la escuela rural puede ser considerada como un subsistema educativo específico. De este modo pretendemos poner de manifiesto el sentido y significado del traspaso de competencias a algunas Comunidades Autónomas en materia de educación no universitaria, con especial énfasis en las diferencias desarrolladas en materia de política educativa referida a la escuela rural y en su relación con otras políticas de descentralización. Education in rural contexts requires an approach that recognises the social and productive potential of this type of schooling. It should involve a dialogue between an implicit rural identity and today's cultures, and it implies developing cultural, technologic-scientific and productive components that foster learning in a way that allows people to build and rebuild their surroundings. This paper analyses Spanish educational policy that affects rural education in those Autonomous Communities of the Spanish State in which since 2010 is being developed EDU2009-13460 project on efficiency and quality in the rural school. This analysis arises from the need to define an identity on the development of its territory, both urban and rural, providing diversity for an open dialogue and cultural construction. Our benchmark, the publication of the 1978 Constitution as the starting point of the State of Autonomies and its implications for the design of educational policies related to education in rural contexts, and considering all that rurality is a prominent sign social, economic, territorial, administrative and academic structure of the whole Spanish State and therefore the rural school can be considered as a specific educational subsystem. Thus we try to show the meaning and significance of devolution to some Autonomous Communities in non-university education, with special emphasis on developing differences on education policy relating to rural school and its relationship with other policies decentralization

Bioclimatic and anthropogenic variables shape the occurrence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis over a large latitudinal gradient

AbstractAmphibian chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has caused the greatest known loss of biodiversity due to an infectious disease. We used Bd infection data from quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays of amphibian skin swabs collected across Chile during 2008–2018 to model Bd occurrence with the aim to determine bioclimatic and anthropogenic variables associated with Bd infection. Also, we used Bd presence/absence records to identify geographical Bd high-risk areas and compare Bd prevalence and infection loads between amphibian families, ecoregions, and host ecology. Data comprised 4155 Bd-specific qPCR assays from 162 locations across a latitudinal gradient of 3700 km (18º to 51ºS). Results showed a significant clustering of Bd associated with urban centres and anthropogenically highly disturbed ecosystems in central-south Chile. Both Bd prevalence and Bd infection loads were higher in aquatic than terrestrial amphibian species. Our model indicated positive associations of Bd prevalence with altitude, temperature, precipitation and human-modified landscapes. Also, we found that macroscale drivers, such as land use change and climate, shape the occurrence of Bd at the landscape level. Our study provides with new evidence that can improve the effectiveness of strategies to mitigate biodiversity loss due to amphibian chytridiomycosis.</jats:p