Hilos y nanotecnología: monitoreo de la señal pulso vital

This article shows the results obtained in the Threads and Nanotechnology research project, in which the monitoring of the vital pulse signal was developed. Through the application of concepts such as: the principles of photoplethysmography, piezoelectric sensors, Analog-Digital conversion and digital filters; allowing electronic handling, programming and testing of a microcontroller to send information to the element that processed the sensed signal. An Android and Web application was implemented for its correct visualization. The work finished with the construction of a device to facilitate early alarms of health status in older adults.Este artículo muestra los resultados obtenidos en el proyecto de investigación de Hilos y Nanotecnología, en el que se desarrolló el monitoreo de la señal pulso vital. Mediante la aplicación de conceptos tales como: los principios de fotopletismografía, sensores piezoeléctricos, conversión analógico-digital y filtros digitales, se establece el manejo electrónico, la programación y las pruebas de un microcontrolador para enviar información al elemento que procesó la señal detectada. Se implementó una aplicación Android y Web para su correcta visualización. El trabajo finaliza con la construcción de un dispositivo para facilitar las primeras alarmas del estado de salud en los adultos mayores

Innovating a new knowledge base for water justice studies:hydrosocial, sociohydrology, and beyond

Creating a new knowledge base that centers water justice (Zwarteveen and Boelens, 2014; Sultana, 2018; Wölfle-Hazard, 2022) in hydrosocial and sociohydrology studies involves a broader discussion about why justice matters, how to work toward this goal, and what the implications for research praxis are. The articles in this Research Topic approach different angles of water justice: as law (Fernández and Alba), a social movement (Dame et al.), practice (Pool et al.; Reeves and Bonney), cases of injustice (Caretta et al.), and theory (Krueger and Alba). From this Research Topic, we find that the interrelated concepts of naturecultures and care can be mobilized to create fruitful collaborations between critical social scientists and sociohydrologists

Isolation of entomopathogenic nematodes and control of Phyllophaga vetula Horn in Oaxaca, Mexico

This study aimed to isolate native entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca and to determine their potential for control of white grub (Phyllophaga vetula Horn). Fifty-five (55) soil samples were collected in 13 communities in the period August to October 2008 and 29.1% of these were found positive for EPN. Five isolates were selected for their apparent pathogenicity to third instar Galleria mellonella; two of the genus Steinernema and three Heterorhabditis. After evaluating these five isolates for control of white grubs, the Heterorhabditidae EPN presented the lowest values for both lethal dosages and lethal times. Using  polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures, the species Heterorhabditis mexicana, Steinernema  carpocapsae and Steinernema feltiae were identified. We concluded that H. mexicana was the most effective isolate for control of P. vetula larvae.Key words: Entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema, Heterorhabditis, bioassays, lethal dosages

Efficacy of antiemetic therapy in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

AbstractIntroductionA high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting has been observed in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (20–40%). This causes an increase in patient discomfort, a delay in recovery, and an increase in hospital stay.ObjectiveCompare the efficacy of ondansetron plus metoclopramide and ondansetron alone in the control of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Material and methodsA comparative, prospective, experimental, longitudinal double blind study was performed with 30 patients programmed for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The Apfel score was applied postoperatively. Patients were divided into two groups with 15 participants. Metoclopramide 10mg and ondansetron 4mg were administered in the first Group (A), and ondansetron 4mg in the second Group (B), after induction of anesthesia. Nausea and vomiting were evaluated for 24h postoperatively using a Likert scale.ResultsOf the patients who presented nausea, the condition was mild. The patient who presented vomiting, vomited only once. Neither group required rescue drugs. Regarding the Apfel score, there was no correlation between the percentage of stratified risk and the patients who presented postoperative nausea and vomiting.ConclusionsNo statistically significant difference was observed between ondansetron plus metoclopramide and ondansetron alone in patients subjected to laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Estimation of grassland biophysical parameters in a “dehesa” ecosystem from field spectroscopy and airborne hyperspectral imagery

[EN] The aim of this paper is the estimation of biophysical vegetation parameters from its optical properties. The variables Fuel Moisture Content (FMC), Canopy Water Content (CWC), Leaf Area Index (LAI), dry matter (Cm) and AboveGround Biomass (AGB) were estimated in the laboratory from vegetation samples collected simultaneously with the acquisition of spectral data from the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) sensor and the field spectroradiometer ASD FieldSpec® 3. Spectral vegetation indices found in the literature were computed from hyperspectral data. Their linear relationships with the biophysical variables measured in the field were analysed. Results show consistent relationships between analysed biophysical parameters and spectral indices, mainly those using SWIR and red-egde bands which reveal the importance of these spectral regions for the estimation of biophysical variables in herbaceous covers. Determination coefficients (R2) above 0.91 and RRMSE of 21.4% have been obtained for the spectral indexes calculated whit ASD data, and 0.91 R2 and RRMSE of 15.5% for the spectral indexes calculated whit CASI data.[ES] Este trabajo aborda la estimación de variables biofísicas de un pastizal de dehesa a partir de información óptica generada por sensores próximos y remotos. Las variables de contenido de humedad del combustible (FMC), contenido de agua del dosel (CWC), índice de área foliar (LAI), materia seca (Cm) y biomasa superficial (AGB) fueron estimadas en laboratorio a partir de muestras de vegetación tomadas simultáneamente a la adquisición de datos hiperespectrales del sensor Compact Airbone Spectrographic Imager (CASI) y del espectro-radiómetro de campo ASD FieldSpec®3. A partir de la información espectral se han calculado diversos índices extraídos de la literatura y se han analizado las relaciones lineales existentes con las variables biofísicas medidas en campo. Los resultados muestran relaciones consistentes entre las variables biofísicas y los índices espectrales, especialmente en el caso de los índices basados en bandas del infrarrojo medio de onda corta (SWIR) y del red-edge, poniendo de manifiesto la importancia de estas regiones en la estimación de variables biofísicas en cubiertas de pastizal. Se han obteniendo coeficientes de determinación (R2) superiores a 0,91 y un error cuadrático medio relativo (RRMSE) de 21,4%, para los índices espectra-les calculados con datos ASD; yR2 de 0,91 y RRMSE de 15,5% para los índices espectrales calculados con datos CASI.Este trabajo se ha realizado en el contexto de los proyectos BIOSPEC (CGL2008-02301/CLI) financiado por el Ministerio e Innovación y FLUχPEC (CGL2012-34383) financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Agradecemos al Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte la financiación recibida a través del programa de becas FPU del investigador predoctoral José Ramón Melendo. Nuestro agradecimiento al personal de SpecLab-CSIC, Universidad de Alcalá e Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria que ha participado en la recogida y procesamiento de datos.Melendo-Vega, JR.; Martín, MP.; Vilar Del Hoyo, L.; Pacheco-Labrador, J.; Echavarría, P.; Martínez-Vega, J. (2017). Estimación de variables biofísicas del pastizal en un ecosistema de dehesa a partir de espectro-radiometría de campo e imágenes hiperespectrales aeroportadas. Revista de Teledetección. (48):13-28. https://doi.org/10.4995/raet.2017.7481SWORD132848Haboudane, D. (2004). Hyperspectral vegetation indices and novel algorithms for predicting green LAI of crop canopies: Modeling and validation in the context of precision agriculture. Remote Sensing of Environment, 90(3), 337-352. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2003.12.013Hardisky, M.A., Klemas, V., Smart, R.M. 1983. The influence of soil salinity, growth form, and leaf moisture on the spectral radiance of Spartina alterniflora canopies. 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Geostatistical modeling using LiDAR-derived prior knowledge with SPOT-6 data to estimate temperate forest canopy cover and above-ground biomass via stratified random sampling. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 41, 88-98. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2015.04.020Liu, J., Miller, J.R., Haboudane, D., Pattey, E. 2004. Exploring the relationship between red edge parameters and crop variables for precision agriculture. 2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IEEE, Anchorage, 1276-1279.Mahalanobis, P.C. 1936. On the generalised distance in statistics. Proceedings National Institute of Science, India, 49-55Nagler, P. L., Inoue, Y., Glenn, E. ., Russ, A. ., & Daughtry, C. S. . (2003). Cellulose absorption index (CAI) to quantify mixed soil–plant litter scenes. Remote Sensing of Environment, 87(2-3), 310-325. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2003.06.001Pacheco-Labrador, J., González-Cascón, R., Martín, M. P., & Riaño, D. (2014). Understanding the optical responses of leaf nitrogen in Mediterranean Holm oak (Quercus ilex) using field spectroscopy. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 26, 105-118. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2013.05.013Perez-Priego, O., Guan, J., Rossini, M., Fava, F., Wutzler, T., Moreno, G., … Migliavacca, M. (2015). Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and photochemical reflectance index improve remote-sensing gross primary production estimates under varying nutrient availability in a typical Mediterranean savanna ecosystem. Biogeosciences, 12(21), 6351-6367. doi:10.5194/bg-12-6351-2015Pinty, B., & Verstraete, M. M. (1992). GEMI: a non-linear index to monitor global vegetation from satellites. Vegetatio, 101(1), 15-20. doi:10.1007/bf00031911Privette, J. ., Myneni, R. ., Knyazikhin, Y., Mukelabai, M., Roberts, G., Tian, Y., … Leblanc, S. . (2002). Early spatial and temporal validation of MODIS LAI product in the Southern Africa Kalahari. 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La no realización del autoexamen de mama en Tunja, Colombia

Objective. To identify sociocultural and psychosocial factors that determine non realisation of Breast Self-Examination  (BSE) in women resident in Tunja, Colombia. Materials and methods. A nested case-control study was carried with 218 cases and 225 controls. The sample was selected by statified random sample. Assessment was made of  sociocultural factors, knowledge and BSE practice. Results. Mean age 32.9 years (SD = 9.44), 58.7% with steady partner, 42.4% work, 25.6% incomplete secondary, 23.5% smokers, 21.5% uses  hormonal methods, 10.6% have a family history of breast carcinoma, 10.2% attend promotion and prevention programs, 7.2% have history of breast disease. The factors that were significantly associated with non-practice of the BSE were not having received information about BSE (OR = 14.08); non attendance at Promotion and Prevention programs (OR = 9.21), low levels of knowledge about breast cancer (OR = 8.96), BSE was not considered important (OR = 8.71); not having family support (OR = 3.18); not recognizing breastfeeding as a protective factor in breast cancer (OR = 2.46 ), no physical activity (OR = 2.38) not completed high school (OR = 1.94), not using contraception (OR = 2.27); not attending the review consultation BSE (OR = 1.97 ) subsidized or linked health-regime (OR = 1.77), less than 3 years use of planning methods  (OR = 1.94), no record of abortion (OR = 1.92), not in work (OR = 1 , 47). Conclusion. We found risk factors that are susceptible to educational intervention which could substantially improve the cover of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention programs and adherence to the practice of BSE.Objetivo. Identificar factores socioculturales y psicosociales determinantes de no realización del auto examen de mamas (AEM) en  mujeres residentes en Tunja, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Un estudio anidado de casos y controles se llevó a cabo a partir de 218 casos y 225 controles. La muestra se seleccionó mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Se evaluó sobre los factores socioculturales, el conocimiento y la práctica del AEM. Resultados. Edad promedio 32,9 años (SD=9,44); 58,7% con pareja estable; 42,4% trabaja; 25,6% secundaria incompleta; 23,5% fuma; 21,5% planifica con métodos hormonales; 10,6% tiene antecedentes familiares de carcinoma mamario; 10,2% asiste a programas de promoción y prevención; 7,2% antecedente de enfermedad mamaria. Los factores que se encontraron significativamente asociados con la no realización del AEM son: no haber recibido información (OR=14,08); no asistir a programas de prevención del cáncer de mamá (OR=9,21); bajo nivel de  conocimientos sobre cáncer de mama (OR=8,96); no considerar importante AEM (OR=8,71); no contar con apoyo familiar (OR=3,18); no reconoce la lactancia como factor protector en cáncer de mama (OR=2,46); no realizar actividad física (OR=2,38); no haber terminado la secundaria (OR=1,94); no uso de anticoncepción (OR=2,27); no ha consultado sobre AEM (OR=1,97); régimen subsidiado o vinculado (OR=1,77); uso de métodos de planificación menor de 3 años (OR=1,94); no tener antecedente de aborto (OR=1,92); no trabajar (OR=1,47). Conclusión. Se encuentran factores de riesgo, susceptibles de intervención educativa, que podrían mejorar sustancialmente la cobertura de los programas de P y P y la  adherencia a la práctica del AEM

Imposition, resistance, and alternatives in the face of an interregional water crisis in Mexico: El Zapotillo project

En este dossier se analizan los complejos aspectos socio-políticos, económicos, hidrológicos, legales, entre otros, relacionados con la construcción del proyecto El Zapotillo, que incluye un trasvase del Río Verde entre los estados mexicanos de Jalisco y Guanajuato con consecuencias significativas paras las comunidades humanas y los ecosistemas. El Cuaderno de Trabajo presenta doce artículos escritos por especialistas en las diferentes dimensiones del proceso, e incluye el trabajo de estudiantes de doctorado, activistas, y miembros de las comunidades locales afecadas directamente por el proyecto. It is a dossier focused on the complex socio-political, economic, hydrological, legal and other aspects involving the construction of El Zapotillo project, which includes an inter-basin transfer of the Verde River between the Mexican states of Jalisco and Guanajuato with significant consequences for human communities and ecosystems. The Working Paper features twelve articles written by specialists in the different dimensions of the process, and includes the work of doctoral students, activists, and members of the local communities directly affected by the project.ITESO, A.C.Universidad de BernaEl Colegio de JaliscoUNAMUniversidad de GuanajuatoUniversidad de GuadalajaraCartocríticaIMDECCIDEComité Salvemos Temacapulín, Acasico y PalmarejoColectivo de Abogad@