The Role of Confucian Education in Vietnamese Society in the Mac Dynasty

The Confucian education of the Mac dynasty[1], besides its great achievements, also contributed significantly to the stagnation in economy, science and technology, as well as negative thoughts that were still deeply rooted in the perception of people in Vietnam. Today's era is far different from the Mac era, so besides the positive values ​​that can be inherited and promoted, there are still a lot of inadequacies, outdated, inappropriate, even possible. become a hindrance to the cause of Vietnamese education today. That is also the reason why we must have a dialectical point of view when studying back to the traditional Confucian education to see its significance in the development of Vietnamese education today. This is also a prerequisite for building an advanced education, imbued with national identity with the noble purpose of training people who are fully developed, have enough virtue, enough talent, participate in winning force into the construction and defense of the socialist Vietnamese Fatherland. Keywords: Mac dynasty, Confucian education, Vietnamese history, Mac Thai To, Hau le dynasty. DOI: 10.7176/JPCR/54-02 Publication date:July 31st 2021 [1] The Mac Dynasty is a monarchy in Vietnamese history, beginning when Mac Dang Dung forced King Le Cung Hoang to cede the throne in June 1527 and ended when King Mac Mau Hop established his son Mac Toan to the throne. was defeated by the army of Le-Trinh led by Trinh Tung in February 1593. Mac Toan then ascended the throne but was only in office for 2 months, the total official duration of the dynasty was nearly 66 years. However, in the later period, descendants of the Mac dynasty such as Mac Kinh Chi, Mac Kinh Cung, Mac Kinh Khoan, Mac Kinh Vu, Mac Kinh He, and Mac Kinh Quang still continued to oppose the Later Le dynasty during the medieval period until the end

Construction of the hemagglutinin (HA) epitope tags for Subunit H of Complex I in Escherichia coli

Complex I is a member of the respiratory chain in both bacteria and human mitochondria. Studies have shown that many human mitochondria disorders are related to the poor assembly of Complex I, rather than simple enzymatic malfunction [1,2,3,4]. For the purpose of analyzing the assembly of the thirteen subunits (A-N) found in the Escherichia coli homolog of the Complex I enzyme, antibodies are needed to recognize the individual subunits. Since the H subunit is the only subunit without an antibody, high-affinity antibodies are needed to be produced from the HA epitope tags. The tags were introduced separately by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in two different plasmids, one containing genes G-H, and the other containing H-I-J-K. DNA sequencing indicated high confidence in HA complexes. After growth of cell cultures, an induced expression of these genes by arabinose verified expression of the protein with induced tag. Then, a western blot was done to test both constructs ability to yield single proteins, of the correct size, that were recognized by the HA-antibody. Therefore, these constructs can be further tested for suitability in the analysis of Complex I assembly

Nutritional state and organic matter diagenesis in an ecotone of halophyte and planted mangrove in Bac Lieu province, Vietnam

Mangroves play many significant roles in human life and socio-economical activities. However, their coverage has seriously declined worldwide due to various reasons while understanding of the roles and functions of this ecosystem is still insufficient. With a vast area of mangroves along the coast line, several studies on this ecosystem have been done in Viet Nam. Notwithstanding, the knowledge of nutrient and organic matter dynamics in the mangroves of Viet Nam, in general, and in the Mekong Delta, in particular, is still a gap. This study was conducted to understand the nutrient dynamics in a mangrove replanted in an abandoned salt-pan in Ganh Hao, Bac Lieu province â a coastal area in the South of Viet Nam. Sediments and fresh leaves were collected from 8 different landscapes along a transect which was ca. 700 m in length. Sampling was conducted in the dry and rainy season in 2009. The nutrient contents (NH4 , NO2-, NO3- and available P for plant uptake), total organic carbon and total nitrogen were determined to assess the nutritional state in the study area. The composition and concentration of the amino acids in the sediments were quantified to understand the organic matter diagenesis in the area. Glucosamine, galactosamine and amino acids in the fresh leaves were analyzed to find the source of the organic matter. The chitin content in the sediments was determined by 2 methods to calculate the contribution of chitin to the N pool. Chitin was directly quantified through the binding of N-acetylglucosamine and WGA-FITC. On the other hand, chitin was calculated from the concentration of glucosamine in the sediments. The study area was subject to a serious deficiency of nutrients, especially nitrogen. The deficiency of nitrogen resulted in the deficiency of phosphorus in the sediments. The nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the sediments were controlled by the physico-chemical properties of the sediments and the vegetation. The carbon-to-nitrogen ratios showed that the organic matter in the deep sediments (30-35 cm) mostly derived from marine sources. The organic matter derived from terrestrial plants was found mostly in the surface sediments. The forestation and the invasion of Sesuvium portulacastrum, therefore, have recently contributed to the pool of organic matter in the sediments. The organic matter content in the study area was lower compared to other coastal areas, probably due to the higher turnover rate in the sediments, which resulted from the high temperature and the aeration in the sediment. The composition and contents of the sedimentary amino acids were affected by the composition and contents of the amino acids in leaves. In general, the contents of sedimentary amino acids decreased with depth. However, the soil preparation for mangrove plantation resulted in a disturbance in the variation trend with depth in the amino acid contents under the planted mangrove. The chitin content directly quantified through the binding between N-acetylglucosamine and WGA-FITC exceeded the organic carbon content in the sediments. However, these chitin data revealed an ecological relationship between chitin and the diatom frustules. The content of chitin calculated from glucosamine concentration showed that chitin contributes less than 2% to the OC pool and less than 3% to the N pool. In the deep sediments (30-35 cm), the crustacean sheaths was the major source of chitin while in the shallow sediments, chitin mostly derived from diatoms. In conclusion, this study showed that the nutritional state and the organic matter dynamics in a mangrove planed in extreme conditions was driven by tides, vegetation and the physico-chemical properties of the sediments. These effects might relate to the activities of sediment bacteria functioning in the nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization and solubilization. Improving the sediment conditions by irrigational solutions will help to maximize the bacterial activities and enhance the efficiency of mangrove plantation in abandoned salt-pans

Contribution to dimensionality reduction of digital predistorter behavioral models for RF power amplifier linearization

The power efficiency and linearity of radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) are critical in wireless communication systems. The main scope of PA designers is to build the RF PAs capable to maintain high efficiency and linearity figures simultaneously. However, these figures are inherently conflicted to each other and system-level solutions based on linearization techniques are required. Digital predistortion (DPD) linearization has become the most widely used solution to mitigate the efficiency versus linearity trade-off. The dimensionality of the DPD model depends on the complexity of the system. It increases significantly in high efficient amplification architectures when considering current wideband and spectrally efficient technologies. Overparametrization may lead to an ill-conditioned least squares (LS) estimation of the DPD coefficients, which is usually solved by employing regularization techniques. However, in order to both reduce the computational complexity and avoid ill-conditioning problems derived from overparametrization, several efforts have been dedicated to investigate dimensionality reduction techniques to reduce the order of the DPD model. This dissertation contributes to the dimensionality reduction of DPD linearizers for RF PAs with emphasis on the identification and adaptation subsystem. In particular, several dynamic model order reduction approaches based on feature extraction techniques are proposed. Thus, the minimum number of relevant DPD coefficients are dynamically selected and estimated in the DPD adaptation subsystem. The number of DPD coefficients is reduced, ensuring a well-conditioned LS estimation while demanding minimum hardware resources. The presented dynamic linearization approaches are evaluated and compared through experimental validation with an envelope tracking PA and a class-J PA The experimental results show similar linearization performance than the conventional LS solution but at lower computational cost.La eficiencia energetica y la linealidad de los amplificadores de potencia (PA) de radiofrecuencia (RF) son fundamentales en los sistemas de comunicacion inalambrica. El principal objetivo a alcanzar en el diserio de amplificadores de radiofrecuencia es lograr simultaneamente elevadas cifras de eficiencia y de linealidad. Sin embargo, estas cifras estan inherentemente en conflicto entre si, y se requieren soluciones a nivel de sistema basadas en tecnicas de linealizacion. La linealizacion mediante predistorsion digital (DPD) se ha convertido en la solucion mas utilizada para mitigar el compromise entre eficiencia y linealidad. La dimension del modelo del predistorsionador DPD depende de la complejidad del sistema, y aumenta significativamente en las arquitecturas de amplificacion de alta eficiencia cuando se consideran los actuales anchos de banda y las tecnologfas espectralmente eficientes. El exceso de parametrizacion puede conducir a una estimacion de los coeficientes DPD, mediante minimos cuadrados (LS), mal condicionada, lo cual generalmente se resuelve empleando tecnicas de regularizacion. Sin embargo, con el fin de reducir la complejidad computacional y evitar dichos problemas de mal acondicionamiento derivados de la sobreparametrizacion, se han dedicado varies esfuerzos para investigar tecnicas de reduccion de dimensionalidad que permitan reducir el orden del modelo del DPD. Esta tesis doctoral contribuye a aportar soluciones para la reduccion de la dimension de los linealizadores DPD para RF PA, centrandose en el subsistema de identificacion y adaptacion. En concrete, se proponen varies enfoques de reduccion de orden del modelo dinamico, basados en tecnicas de extraccion de caracteristicas. El numero minimo de coeficientes DPD relevantes se seleccionan y estiman dinamicamente en el subsistema de adaptacion del DPD, y de este modo la cantidad de coeficientes DPD se reduce, lo cual ademas garantiza una estimacion de LS bien condicionada al tiempo que exige menos recursos de hardware. Las propuestas de linealizacion dinamica presentados en esta tesis se evaluan y comparan mediante validacion experimental con un PA de seguimiento de envolvente y un PA tipo clase J. Los resultados experimentales muestran unos resultados de linealizacion de los PA similares a los obtenidos cuando se em plea la solucion LS convencional, pero con un coste computacional mas reducido.Postprint (published version

Generation of plasmon-polaritons in epsilon-near-zero polaritonic metamaterial

In this paper, we study the generation of plasmon-polaritons in the epsilon-near-zero nanorod polaritonic metamaterial by using nonlocal effective medium approximation (EMT). The results indicate that the nonlocal EMT is the simplest and most accurate approach to describe the characteristics of plasmon-polaritons at the epsilon-near-zero regime (e ≈ 0) in the polaritonic metamaterial. In contrast, the Maxwell-Garnett effective medium approximation is considered to be the most general method to study the generated plasmon-polaritons in metamaterials. An additional plasmon-polariton is found in the polaritonic metamaterial through the nonlocal EMT, which could not be found with the Maxwell-Garnett EMT. A flat longitudinal wave-number of the excited plasmon-polariton occurs in the angle of incident light ranging from –20 to 20°, leading to the collinear group-velocity vectors, and its energy will be carried in one direction. The findings can be used in some applications in optical communication

Co-simulation of self-adjusting fuzzy PI controller for the robot with two-axes system

This paper presents the co-simulation of the self-adjusting fuzzy PI controller to control a two-axes system. Each axis was driven by a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM). The position and speed controller used the fuzzy PI algorithm with parameters adjusted by a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). The vector control was applied to the decoupled effect of the PMLSM. The field programmable gate array (FPGA) was used to control both axes of the system. The very high-speed integrated circuit-hardware description language (VHDL) was developed in the Quartus II software environment, provided by Altera, to analyze and synthesize designs. Firstly, the mathematical model of PMLSM and fuzzy PI was introduced. Secondly, the RBFNN adjusted the knowledge base of the fuzzy PI. Thirdly, the motion trajectory was introduced for testing the control algorithm. Fourthly, the implementation of the controller based on FPGA with the FSM method and the structure of co-simulation between Matlab/Simulink and ModelSim were set up. Finally, discussion about the results proved the effectiveness of the control system, determining the exact position and trajectory of the XY axis system. This research was successful in implementing a two-motor controller within one chip

Isothiouronium Organocatalysts Through Hydrogen Bonding

The field of small‐molecule organocatalysis via noncovalent interactions has attracted the attention of an increasing number of research groups from the academic as well as industrial sectors. Isothiouronium salts have been explored quite recently as a new class of hydrogen‐bonding subunit for the purpose of molecular recognition of anions in supramolecular chemistry. The chemical modification of isothiouroniums is readily varied using synthetic methods to make several types of functional molecular systems. This chapter, for the first time, describes the research on hydrogen‐bonding isothiouronium organocatalysts considering their designed concepts and synthetic applications in both nonstereoselective and stereoselective reactions

Social Housing for Workers in Industrial Zones in Vietnam - Concepts and Practical Solutions towards Sustainable Development. The Case Studies of Hanoi City

Economic growth associated with the rapid industrialization and urbanization over the past 30 years since Doi Moi (Reform) has facilitated the establishment and development of many industrial zones (IZs) in major cities of Vietnam. The high concentration of IZs in the largest cities has attracted millions of industrial laborers and created large migration waves from rural to urban areas. Establishing and improving the living environment of workers have become a huge pressure for the Government and local authorities across the country to deal with. Although the Government has issued numerous policies and incentives to encourage and support housing development for factory workers, there are still many conflicts and challenges in policy implementation. Through observational and questionnaire surveys supported with in-depth interviews of experts in urban planning and management, the research aims to understand clearly the context of social housing development for IZ workers in Vietnam recently, to demonstrate outstanding characters of different types of housing for factory workers as well as crucial issues related to social housing and informal housing for factory workers. Furthermore, the research proposes solutions including legal institutions, management mechanisms, industrial worker housing database establishment, and basic technical solutions (planning and spatial organization) in order to find out some appropriate concepts for social housing targeted at industrial workers and then to achieve social sustainable development

Estimation of a longan stink bug, Tessaratoma papillosa in Son La Province, Vietnam

Many insects are considered as potential sources of food for humans because of their high content of protein, fat, minerals and vitamins. Tessaratoma papillosa Drury, a stink bug of longan tree has long been consumed by many people in Vietnam as a supplemental source of nutrition. This insect is one of the most severe pests of longan tree. The use of this insect as supplementary nutrient could actively reduce the pests on longans, contributing to increase productivity and quality of longan fruit. The aim of this paper is to estimate the volume of mature and young Tessaratoma papillosa on longan trees in Son La Province, Vietnam.Nhiều loài côn trùng được coi là nguồn thực phẩm tiềm năng của con người vì chúng có chứa hàm lượng cao protein, chất béo, chất khoáng và vitamin. Loài bọ xít nhãn Tessaratoma papillosa Drury, từ lâu đã được nhiều người dân ở Việt Nam sử dụng như là một nguồn thực phẩm bổ sung dinh dưỡng. Loài bọ xít nhãn là một trong những loài gây hại nghiêm trọng nhất đối với cây nhãn. Việc sử dụng loài côn trùng này không những bổ sung chất dinh dưỡng cho con người mà còn góp phần chủ động giảm loài sâu hại trên nhãn, góp phần tăng năng suất và chất lượng trái cây nhãn. Mục đích của bài viết này là để ước tính khối lượng trưởng thành và ấu trùng loài Tessaratoma papillosa trên cây nhãn ở tỉnh Sơn La, Việt Nam