Estratigrafía de la Cuenca Cenozoica de Chera (Valencia)

The Chera Basin, southern Iberian Ranges, has small size and elongated morphology trending NE-SW. It was developed during the Cenozoic across the important and transcurrent Requena-Mora de Ebro Fault, perpendicular to the Alpine directions and was refilled with alluvial and lacustrine sediments. It is a sinorogenic basin with an important sinsedimentary tectonic activity as it is shown by the unconformities between sediments, intracenozoic fracturate in stages, migration of the different facies across the main active border and the simetry of the refill with the depocentre located close to that oriental main active border

Multiculturalismo y literacidad visual: Análisis de las narrativas históricas del profesorado de Primaria en formación

Este estudio pertenece a una línea de investigación sobre literacidad visual y en él se analizan las narrativas históricas que estudiantes de tercero de Grado de Primaria de la Universidad de Córdoba construyen a partir del análisis de una fotografía de una calle de una ciudad de Nepal, teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva multicultural. El análisis muestra que este grupo de estudiantes arroja una visión eurocéntrica sobre la misma, fijándose en aspectos cotidianos en su día a día extrapolados a esa realidad distinta y realizando valoraciones sobre la situación socioeconómica del país. Resulta fundamental trabajar con los futuros docentes la empatía con otras sociedades y la idea de alteridad para que fomenten este tipo de actitudes en su práctica docenteThe framework of this study is the visual literacy. This text studies the narratives of a group of students of the Bachelor Degree in Primary Education in the University of Cordoba (Spain) who had to analyse a photograph of a street in a Nepalese city. The analysis of the 20 cases shows that the students have a eurocentric point of view and that they extrapolate their own lifestyle to the Nepalese society. As they will become teachers, it is vital to work now on these ideas in order to make them familiar with the empathy and multiculturalit

Morphological changes, beach inundation and overwash caused by an extreme storm on a low-lying embayed beach bounded by a dune system (NW Mediterranean)

The geomorphological evolution of a low-lying, micro-tidal sandy beach in the western Mediterranean, Pals beach, was characterized using airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data. Data were collected in prior to and six months after the impact of an extreme storm with a return period of approx. 50 years, with the aim of characterizing the beach's response to the storm. The use of repeated high-resolution topographic data to quantify beach geomorphic changes has allowed assessment of the accuracy of different proxies for estimating beach volume changes. Results revealed that changes in the shoreline position cannot accurately reproduce beach volume changes on low-lying beaches where overwash processes are significant. Observations also suggested that volume estimations from beach profiles do not accurately represent subaerial volume changes at large profile distances on beaches with significant alongshore geomorphological variability. Accordingly, the segmentation of the beach into regularly spaced bins is proposed to assess alongshore variations in the beach volume with the accuracy of the topographic data. The morphological evolution of Pals beach during the study period showed a net shoreline retreat (- 4 m) and a significant sediment gain on the subaerial beach (+ 7.5 m3/m). The net gain of sediment is mostly due to the impact of the extreme storm, driving significant overwash processes that transport sediment landwards, increasing volume on the backshore and dunes. The increase of volume on the foreshore and the presence of cuspate morphologies along the shoreline also evidence post-storm beach recovery. Observed morphological changes exhibit a high variability along the beach related to variations in beach morphology. Changes in the morphology and migration of megacusps result in a high variability in the shoreline position and foreshore volume changes. On the other hand, larger morphological changes on the backshore and larger inundation distances occur when the beach and the dunes are lower, favouring the dominance of overwash. The observed storm-induced morphological changes differ from predicted beach storm impacts because of spatial and temporal variations in the beach morphology, suggesting that detailed morphological parameters and indicators used for predicting beach vulnerability to storms should be regularly updated in order to represent the pre-storm beach conditions. Finally, observed morphological changes in Pals Bay evidenced a different behaviour between natural and urban areas, with better post-storm beach recovery on natural areas where the beach is not artificially narrowed.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Measurable diagonalization of positive definite matrices

In this paper we show that any positive definite matrix V with measurable entries can be written as V = U Lambda U*, where the matrix Lambda is diagonal, the matrix U is unitary, and the entries of U and Lambda are measurable functions (U* denotes the transpose conjugate of U). This result allows to obtain results about the zero location and asymptotic behavior of extremal polynomials with respect to a generalized non-diagonal Sobolev norm in which products of derivatives of different order appear. The orthogonal polynomials with respect to this Sobolev norm are a particular case of those extremal polynomials.The first author was partially supported by a grant from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica (MTM2012-36732-03-01), Spain. The second author was partially supported by a grant from CONACYT (CONACYT-UAGI0110/62/10 FON.INST.8/10), México

El Hormigón Material Versátil Perspectivas de Futuro

"Desde las primeras sociedades, el ser humano ha dado lugar a una gran variedad de construcciones, valiéndose, en cada época, de los materiales que disponía. Con el paso del tiempo y la evolución de estas sociedades, las necesidades de las mismas han ido cambiando y complejizándose, dando origen a nuevos materiales y abandonando el empleo de muchos otros. Sin embargo, cabe destacar uno de ellos que, gracias a su capacidad de adaptación y respuesta a las demandas constructivas de cada época, ha perdurado desde sus orígenes, en torno al 3000aC, hasta nuestros días: el hormigón. Su primer apogeo llega en época romana, convirtiéndose en el material predilecto de la misma, que permitió la realización de una gran cantidad de obras de difícil concepción en ese momento. Esto se debe principalmente a su comportamiento mecánico, similar a la piedra, pero con la cualidad de presentarse como fluido en su fase inicial, lo que supuso una gran mejora en los procesos constructivos del momento. El otro gran salto en la evolución del material, tiene lugar con la llegada de los procesos industriales, que dio lugar al hormigón armado, resultante de incorporar barras de acero en su interior. De este modo, el hormigón pasa de responder únicamente a compresión, a ser capaz de resistir a flexión, abriendo la puerta a una infinidad de posibilidades formales, técnicas y estéticas de las que el Movimiento Moderno hará uso, adoptándolo como material por excelencia, contribuyendo con ello a su gran expansión y desarrollo. Actualmente, las nuevas demandas sociales van dirigidas hacia la necesidad de un futuro sostenible, situando al hormigón en el punto mira como elemento contaminante y, dando lugar al que posiblemente conforme la siguiente muesca en la evolución del hormigón. Por ello, nos encontramos en un momento crucial para dicho material, en el que existe toda una línea de investigación completamente abierta en búsqueda del “hormigón sostenible”

The challenge of measuring digital platform work

Artículo de revistaThe article presents an overview of digital platform work in Spain and analyses the challenge of quantifying this work in view of the lack of reliable and comprehensive data available. Digital platforms are technological infrastructures that act as intermediaries, facilitating interaction between two or more persons, for the provision of services through IT applications in exchange for payment. Although it is estimated that platform work accounts for less than 5% of the global workforce, this share is expected to increase. In 2018, according to the COLLEEM survey, platform work was the main job of 2.6% of the Spanish population over 16. Including occasional platform work, the figure rose to 18.5%, the highest percentage among the 16 European countries included in the survey. Nevertheless, in practice it is difficult to obtain precise figures, since to date official statistics are not designed to include the gig economy. The article compares the demographic characteristics of platform workers in Spain, according to the COLLEEM survey, and those of self-employed workers and employees according to two Spanish surveys of individuals and households, namely the 2018 Labour Force Survey (Encuesta de Población Activa) and the 2017 Survey of Household Finances (Encuesta Financiera de las Familias). The comparison shows that digital platform workers make up a specific group that is not directly comparable with either employees or the self-employed. To conclude, a number of ways to obtain a better measure of digital platform work are considered. One option would be to include direct questions on these work arrangements in employment survey questionnaires. Another would be to develop integrated datasets, combining the information from administrative records, which include digital platform activities, with surveys of the workers included in those records. In any event, in order for these administrative records and surveys to reflect platform work accurately, labour legislation needs to clearly define the relationship between those providing the services and the platforms

Characteristics of the growth of table olive yeasts at low temperature

The behaviour of Picchia anomala, Picchia membranaefaciens, Pichia minuta, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida diddensii, Candida famata y Debaryomyces hansenii, isolated form olive fermentations at low temperature was studied. The response, growth rate, at increasing time intervals, was studied by means of a General Linear Model (GLM) repeated measures, paying special attention to interactions. The most vigorous yeasts in YMGP were P. anomala, C. diddensii, y Deb. hansenii, who were able to grow at 7ºC and 8% salt. In brine, in addition to the main effects, the interactions salt-yeast, time-pH, time-yeast-species were also significant. P. membranaefaciens showed greater salt tolerance in brine than in YMPG. S. cerevisiae, P. minuta and C. famata were inhibited of both pH 3,5 and pH 4 at 7ºC. A sinergistic effect of salt and pH can inhibit yeast growth at 7ºC.Se ha estudiado el comportamiento de Picchia anomala, Picchia membranaefaciens, Pichia minuta, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida diddensii, Candida famata y Debaryomyces Hansenii a bajas temperaturas. La respuesta, crecimiento relativo determinado a diferentes intervalos de tiempo, se ha estudiado mediante el modelo lineal general (GLM) con medidas repetidas, prestándose especial atención a las interacciones. Las levaduras más resistentes en medio YMGP fueron P. anomala, C. diddensii, y Deb. hansenii que crecieron a 7ºC incluso al 8% de sal. En salmueras, además de los efectos principales, fueron también significativas las interacciones, concentración de sal-especie de levadura, tiempo-pH, tiempo-especie de levadura, tiempo-sal-pH y tiempo-sal-especie de levadura. P. membranaefaciens mostró mayor tolerancia a la sal en la salmuera que en YMGP. S. cerevisiae, P. membranaefaciens y C. famata se inhibieron a 7ºC tanto a pH 3,5 como 4, con independencia de los niveles de sal. Combinaciones adecuadas de pH y sal pueden inhibir el crecimiento a 7ºC.Los autores desean expresar su gratitud a la CICYT (AGL2000-1539-CO2-01) y a la Unión Europea (FAIR-97-9526) por la financiación parcial de esta investigación.Peer reviewe

Generación de conocimiento tecnológico y políticas de innovación : dimensiones e interrelaciones

Existen diferencias significativas en la evolución de la competitividad y el progreso tecnológico en el contexto internacional. Ello se puede explicar en gran medida por la desigual estructura de los Sistemas Nacionales de Inno-vación de los países cuyo estudio constituye el principal objetivo del presente artículo. Para su consecución, proponemos y seguiremos un marco de análisis integrado por cuatro dimensiones básicas de los sistemas de innovación: ad-ministraciones públicas, interacción sistema público de I+D-industria/compor-tamiento empresarial, sistema de financiación y movilidad de personal/sistema de educación. Cada una de ellas representa elementos clave para explicar la intensidad de generación y flujo de conocimiento tecnológico entre los agen-tes implicados en los procesos de innovación, determinando la tasa y dirección del aprendizaje tecnológico. ____________________________________________There are prominent differences in the evolution of the competitiveness and technological progress in the international context. This is a consequence of a dissimilar structure of National Systems of Innovation, which analysis is the main aim of this paper. For this purpose, we propose and take into account an analysis framework that is built up by four dimensions: public administra-tions, interaction between public system of R&D and industry/entrepreneurial behavior, finance system and mobility of skill labor/education system. Each dimension represents a key factor to explain the intensity of the technologi-cal knowledge generation and flow between the agents involved in innovation processes, and the impact on the route of technological learning

SUMOylation regulates LKB1 localization and its oncogenic activity in liver cancer

BACKGROUND: Even though liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is usually described as a tumor suppressor in a wide variety of tissues, it has been shown that LKB1 aberrant expression is associated with bad prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Herein we have overexpressed LKB1 in human hepatoma cells and by using histidine pull-down assay we have investigated the role of the hypoxia-related post-translational modification of Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier (SUMO)ylation in the regulation of LKB1 oncogenic role. Molecular modelling between LKB1 and its interactors, involved in regulation of LKB1 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and LKB1 activity, was performed. Finally, high affinity SUMO binding entities-based technology were used to validate our findings in a pre-clinical mouse model and in clinical HCC. FINDINGS: We found that in human hepatoma cells under hypoxic stress, LKB1 overexpression increases cell viability and aggressiveness in association with changes in LKB1 cellular localization. Moreover, by using site-directed mutagenesis, we have shown that LKB1 is SUMOylated by SUMO-2 at Lys178 hampering LKB1 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and fueling hepatoma cell growth. Molecular modelling of SUMO modified LKB1 further confirmed steric impedance between SUMOylated LKB1 and the STe20-Related ADaptor cofactor (STRADα), involved in LKB1 export from the nucleus. Finally, we provide evidence that endogenous LKB1 is modified by SUMO in pre-clinical mouse models of HCC and clinical HCC, where LKB1 SUMOylation is higher in fast growing tumors. INTERPRETATION: Overall, SUMO-2 modification of LKB1 at Lys178 mediates LKB1 cellular localization and its oncogenic role in liver cancer. FUND: This work was supported by grants from NIH (US Department of Health and Human services)-R01AR001576-11A1 (J.M.M and M.L.M-C.), Gobierno Vasco-Departamento de Salud 2013111114 (to M.L.M.-C), ELKARTEK 2016, Departamento de Industria del Gobierno Vasco (to M.L.M.-C), MINECO: SAF2017-87301-R and SAF2014-52097-R integrado en el Plan Estatal de Investigación Cientifica y Técnica y Innovación 2013-2016 cofinanciado con Fondos FEDER (to M.L.M.-C and J.M.M., respectively), BFU2015-71017/BMC MINECO/FEDER, EU (to A.D.Q. and I.D.M.), BIOEF (Basque Foundation for Innovation and Health Research): EITB Maratoia BIO15/CA/014; Instituto de Salud Carlos III:PIE14/00031, integrado en el Plan Estatal de Investigación Cientifica y Técnica y Innovacion 2013-2016 cofinanciado con Fondos FEDER (to M.L.M.-C and J.M.M), Asociación Española contra el Cáncer (T.C.D, P·F-T and M.L.M-C), Daniel Alagille award from EASL (to T.C.D), Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española Contra el Cancer (AECC Scientific Foundation) Rare Tumor Calls 2017 (to M.L.M and M.A), La Caixa Foundation Program (to M.L.M), Programma di Ricerca Regione-Università 2007-2009 and 2011-2012, Regione Emilia-Romagna (to E.V.), Ramón Areces Foundation and the Andalusian Government (BIO-198) (A.D.Q. and I.D.M.), ayudas para apoyar grupos de investigación del sistema Universitario Vasco IT971-16 (P.A.), MINECO:SAF2015-64352-R (P.A.), Institut National du Cancer, FRANCE, INCa grant PLBIO16-251 (M.S.R.), MINECO - BFU2016-76872-R to (E.B.). Work produced with the support of a 2017 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators, BBVA Foundation (M.V-R). Finally, Ciberehd_ISCIII_MINECO is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. We thank MINECO for the Severo Ochoa Excellence Accreditation to CIC bioGUNE (SEV-2016-0644). Funding sources had no involvement in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication