133 research outputs found
Galaxy clusters and microwave background anisotropy
Previous estimates of the microwave background anisotropies produced by
freely falling spherical clusters are discussed. These estimates are based on
the Swiss-Cheese and Tolman-Bondi models. It is proved that these models give
only upper limits to the anisotropies produced by the observed galaxy clusters.
By using spherically symmetric codes including pressureless matter and a hot
baryonic gas, new upper limits are obtained. The contributions of the hot gas
and the pressureless component to the total anisotropy are compared. The
effects produced by the pressure are proved to be negligible; hence,
estimations of the cluster anisotropies based on N-body simulations are
hereafter justified. After the phenomenon of violent relaxation, any realistic
rich cluster can only produce small anisotropies with amplitudes of order
. During the rapid process of violent relaxation, the anisotropies
produced by nonlinear clusters are expected to range in the interval
. The angular scales of these anisotropies are discussed.Comment: 31 pages, 3 postscript figures, accepted MNRA
CMB anisotropy: deviations from Gaussianity due to non-linear gravity
Non-linear evolution of cosmological energy density fluctuations triggers
deviations from Gaussianity in the temperature distribution of the cosmic
microwave background. A method to estimate these deviations is proposed. N-body
simulations -- in a CDM cosmology -- are used to simulate the strongly
non-linear evolution of cosmological structures. It is proved that these
simulations can be combined with the potential approximation to calculate the
statistical moments of the CMB anisotropies produced by non-linear gravity.
Some of these moments are computed and the resulting values are different from
those corresponding to Gaussianity.Comment: 6 latex pages with mn.sty, 3 eps figures. Accepted in MNRA
The star formation activity in cosmic voids
Using a sample of cosmic voids identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7, we study the star formation activity of void galaxies. The properties of galaxies living in voids are compared with those of galaxies living in the void shells and with a control sample, representing the general galaxy population. Void galaxies appear to form stars more efficiently than shell galaxies and the control sample. This result cannot be interpreted as a consequence of the bias towards low masses in underdense regions, as void galaxy subsamples with the same mass distribution as the control sample also show statistically different specific star formation rates. This highlights the fact that galaxy evolution in voids is slower with respect to the evolution of the general population. Nevertheless, when only the star-forming galaxies are considered, we find that the star formation rate is insensitive to the environment, as the main sequence is remarkably constant in the three samples under consideration. This fact implies that environmental effects manifest themselves as fast quenching mechanisms, while leaving the non-quenched galaxies almost unaffected, as their star formation activity is largely regulated by the mass of their halo. We also analyse galaxy properties as a function of void-centric distance and find that the enhancement in the star formation activity with respect to the control sample is observable up to a radial distance 1.5Rvoid. This result can be used as a suitable definition of void shells. Finally, we find that larger voids show an enhanced star formation activity in the shells with respect to their smaller counterparts, which could be related to the different dynamical evolution experienced by voids of different size
Accelerated learning at mastersâ level: problem based learning of diagnostic reasoning skills by physician associate students
Physician Associates (PA) complete a two year postgraduate course, and are expected to graduate with diagnostic skills equivalent to those of newly qualified doctors who have completed a five year course. BSMS has utilised Problem Based Learning (PBL) in an attempt to accelerate the acquisition of these skills by PAs. Weekly PBL sessions were conducted during year 1 of the PA course, focusing on the âtop 20â core conditions within the curriculum. Alongside this, students had weekly clinical exposure in General practice. In order to assess the impact of this strategy the âDiagnostic Thinking Inventoryâ (DTI) developed by Bordage et al. (1990) was conducted three times across year 1 and the results compared to standardised data for medical students and doctors. This found that PA students had a significantly higher baseline score in terms of flexibility of thinking (equivalent to newly qualified doctors engaged in foundation training) and structure of memory (equivalent to third year medical students). Results showed a statistically significant improvement in structure of memory across year 1: achieving an improvement in score which took over four years to achieve in medical students. This appears to suggest that PBL can facilitate increased assimilation of diagnostic reasoning skills within postgraduate learners.
Keywords: Physician Associate, Diagnostic Reasoning, Problem Based Learning, Postgraduate
Eridanus - A Supergroup in the Local Universe?
We examine a possible supergroup in the direction of the Eridanus
constellation using 6dF Galaxy Survey second data release (6dFGS DR2) positions
and velocities together with 2MASS and HyperLEDA photometry. We perform a
friends-of-friends analysis to determine which galaxies are associated with
each substructure before examining the properties of the constituent galaxies.
The structure is made up of three individual groups that are likely to merge to
form a cluster of mass 7x10^13 Msolar. We conclude that this structure is a
supergroup. We also examine the colours, morphologies and luminosities of the
galaxies in the region with respect to their local projected surface density.
We find that the colours of the galaxies redden with increasing density, the
median luminosities are brighter with increasing environmental density and the
morphologies of the galaxies show a strong morphology-density relation. The
colours and luminosities of the galaxies in the supergroup are already similar
to those of galaxies in clusters, however the supergroup contains more
late-type galaxies, consistent with its lower projected surface density. Due to
the velocity dispersion of the groups in the supergroup, which are lower than
those of clusters, we conclude that the properties of the constituent galaxies
are likely to be a result of merging or strangulation processes in groups
outlying this structure.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
ASOHF: a new adaptive spherical overdensity halo finder
We present and test a new halo finder based on the spherical overdensity (SO)
method. This new adaptive spherical overdensity halo finder (ASOHF) is able to
identify dark matter haloes and their substructures (subhaloes) down to the
scales allowed by the analysed simulations. The code has been especially
designed for the adaptive mesh refinement cosmological codes, although it can
be used as a stand-alone halo finder for N-body codes. It has been optimised
for the purpose of building the merger tree of the haloes. In order to verify
the viability of this new tool, we have developed a set of bed tests that
allows us to estimate the performance of the finder. Finally, we apply the halo
finder to a cosmological simulation and compare the results obtained to those
given by other well known publicly available halo finders.Comment: Latex format, 16 pages, 11 postscript figures, accepted for
publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic
Computational Eulerian Hydrodynamics and Galilean Invariance
Eulerian hydrodynamical simulations are a powerful and popular tool for
modeling fluids in astrophysical systems. In this work, we critically examine
recent claims that these methods violate Galilean invariance of the Euler
equations. We demonstrate that Eulerian hydrodynamics methods do converge to a
Galilean-invariant solution, provided a well-defined convergent solution
exists. Specifically, we show that numerical diffusion, resulting from
diffusion-like terms in the discretized hydrodynamical equations solved by
Eulerian methods, accounts for the effects previously identified as evidence
for the Galilean non-invariance of these methods. These velocity-dependent
diffusive terms lead to different results for different bulk velocities when
the spatial resolution of the simulation is kept fixed, but their effect
becomes negligible as the resolution of the simulation is increased to obtain a
converged solution. In particular, we find that Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities
develop properly in realistic Eulerian calculations regardless of the bulk
velocity provided the problem is simulated with sufficient resolution (a factor
of 2-4 increase compared to the case without bulk flows for realistic
velocities). Our results reiterate that high-resolution Eulerian methods can
perform well and obtain a convergent solution, even in the presence of highly
supersonic bulk flows.Comment: Version accepted by MNRAS Oct 2, 2009. Figures degraded. For
high-resolution color figures and movies of the numerical simulations, please
visit
http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~brant/Site/Computational_Eulerian_Hydrodynamics_and_Galilean_Invariance.htm
Dynamical effects of the neutrino gravitational clustering at Planck angular scales
We study the CMB anisotropy induced by the non-linear perturbations in the
massive neutrino density associated to the non-linear gravitational clustering
proceses. Our results show that for the neutrino fraction in agreement with
that indicated by the astroparticle and nuclear physics experiments and a
cosmological accreting mass comparable with the mass of known clusters, the
angular resolution and the sensitivity of the CMB anisotropy measurements from
the Planck surveyor will allow the detection of the dynamical effects of the
neutrino gravitational clustering.Comment: 40 pages and 12 figures, submitted to ApJ (14 March 2002
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