Efeito do uso de leite fortificado com ferro e vitamina C sobre os níveis de hemoglobina e condição nutricional de crianças menores de 2 anos

The impact of the use of fortified powdered whole milk (9 mg of iron and 65 mg of vitamin C/100 g of milk) on the hemoglobin levels of children under 2 years of age was evaluated, over a period of 6 months, in 107 children enrolled in municipal Day Care Centers (DCC) and in 228 seen at a Basic Health Care Unit (BHCU). Before the beginning of the intervention 66.4% of the children in the DCC and 72.8% of those seen at the BHCU had hemoglobin levels ender 11.0 g/dl. After 6 months of fortified milk intake, these percentages fell to 20.6% and 18.0% respectively. the average hemoglobin before the intervention was 10.3 g/dl in the DCC and 10.5 in the BHCU. After 6 months these increased to 11.6 g/dl in the populations studied. Concerning the nutritional condition, evaluated according to Gomez's criteria, 57% of the DCC children presented an improvement, 41.1% showed changens and only 1.9% became worse. in the BHCU, 11.4% presented better condition, 70.6% remained the same and 18% worsened, which demonstrated differences in response regarding improvement of nutritional condition, when fortified milk was used in closed and open environments. the authors conclude that the utilization of enriched foods is an excellent alternative in the treatment of iron deficiency in populations of children under 2 years of age.Universidade Federal de São Paulo,DEPT PREVENT MED,São Paulo,BRAZILFAC MED BOTUCATU,DEPT PEDIAT,BOTUCATU,BRAZILUniversidade Federal de São Paulo,DEPT PREVENT MED,São Paulo,BRAZILWeb of Scienc

Efeito do uso de leite fortificado com ferro e vitamina C sobre os níveis de hemoglobina e condição nutricional de crianças menores de 2 anos

The impact of the use of fortified powdered whole milk (9 mg of iron and 65 mg of vitamin C/100 g of milk) on the hemoglobin levels of children under 2 years of age was evaluated, overa period of 6 months, in 107 children enrolled in municipal Day Care Centers (DCC) and in 228 seen at a Basic Health Care Unit (BHCU). Before the beginning of the intervention, 66.4% of the children in the DCC and 72.8% of those seen at the BHCU had hemoglobin levels under 11.0g/dl. After 6 months of fortified milk intake, these percentages fell to 20.6% and 18.0% respectively. The average hemoglobin before the intervention was 10.3 g/dl in the DCC and 10.5 in the BHCU. After 6 months these increased to 11.6g/dl in the populations studied. Concerning the nutritional condition, evaluated according to Gomez's criteria, 57% of the DCC children presented an improvement, 41.1% showed changens and only 1.9% became worse. In the BHCU, 11.4% presented better condition, 70.6% remained the same and 18% worsened, which demonstrated differences in response regarding improvement of nutritional condition, when fortified milk was used in closed and open environments. The authors conclude that the utilization of enriched foods is an excellent alternative in the treatment of iron deficiency in populations of children under 2 years of age.Foi avaliado o impacto do uso do leite em pó integral fortificado com 9 mg de ferro e 65 mg de vitamina C para cada 100 g de pó, sobre os níveis de hemoglobina de crianças menores de 2 anos, em 107 crianças de creches municipais e 228 de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS), por um período de 6 meses. Antes de se iniciar a intervenção, 66,4% das crianças das creches e 72,8% da UBS apresentavam níveis de hemoglobina inferiores a 11,0 g/dl. Ao final dos 6 meses de uso do leite fortificado, esses percentuais reduziram-se para 20,6% nas creches e 18,0% na UBS. A média da hemoglobina, antes de se iniciar o experimento, foi de 10,3 g/dl nas creches e 10,5 g/dl na UBS. Decorridos 6 meses esses valores subiram para 11,6 g/dl nas duas populações estudadas. Em relação à condição nutricional, avaliada pelo critério de Gomez, verificou-se que, nas creches, 57% das crianças acompanhadas apresentaram melhoria na sua condição nutricional, 41,1% ficaram inalteradas e apenas 1,9% pioraram. Na UBS, 11,4% apresentaram melhora, 70,6% ficaram inalteradas e 18% pioraram, o que mostrou uma diferença de resposta quanto à recuperação da condição nutricional, quando o leite enriquecido foi utilizado em ambiente aberto e fechado. Concluiu-se que a utilização de alimentos fortificados apresenta-se como excelente alternativa para o controle da carência de ferro em populações de crianças menores de 2 anos

Epidemiological study in Brazilian women highlights that syphilis remains a public health problem

yphilis, an infectious disease considered a global public health concern, can cause stillbirths and neonatal deaths. This highlights the importance of continuous surveillance studies among women of reproductive age. A cross-sectional study was carried out to analyze the prevalence and risk factors associated with Treponema pallidum infection in women assisted by primary health care units in Dourados, a city located in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, which borders Paraguay. A questionnaire was applied to a population-based sample, blood samples were collected for syphilis testing and multivariable analyses were performed to screen associations with T. pallidum infection. The prevalence of T. pallidum infection was 6.04%. Bivariate analysis showed that women referring multiple sexual partners (c2: 6.97 [p=0.014]), income less 2 minimal wages (c2: 15.93 [p=0.003]), who did not have high school (c2: 12.64 [p=0.005]), and reporting history of STIs (c2: 7.30 [p=0.018]) are more likely to have syphilis. In the multivariate analysis, a highest prevalence ratio was observed in women with income less than 2 minimal wages (PR: 0.96 [95% CI: 0.85 - 0.97]), and who did not have high school (PR: 0.94 [95% CI: 0.90 - 0.98]). In addition, 80% of the women reported irregular use of condoms and 63.89% declared having sexual intercourses with multiple partners, which creates more opportunities for the transmission of the infection. These results highlight the need for healthcare systems to implement initiatives to monitor syphilis screening and the commitment of patients and their sexual partners to the treatment in order to achieve a decrease of new cases

Hospitalizations for COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in Brazil: a parallel with vaccination

This study aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 hospitalizations in a tertiary hospital by age group and month, considering the introduction and the advance of the vaccination against the disease. The laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among people aged 20 years or older, that occurred between March 2020 and June 2021, were distributed by month of symptom onset and age group. The proportion of hospitalizations by age group was calculated for the year 2021. The proportions were compared using the chi-square test for trends. The marks of vaccination advances among different age groups were taken from the official website LocalizaSUS. In 2020, hospitalizations among people aged 60–80 years old were the most frequent (39.1%). From January–June 2021, when the vaccination commenced, while hospitalizations of patients aged 20 to < 40 and 40 to 60 years old showed an increasing trend, the older age groups and those with vaccination recommendations (from 60 to < 80 and from 80 or over) showed a downward trend. As of June 2021, with widespread vaccination, a drop in hospitalizations was observed in > 60 years old. At 20 to <40 and 40 to < 60, an increase in hospitalizations was observed. It demonstrates the important role of vaccination in combating the COVID-19 pandemic

DINÂMICA POPULACIONAL DO COLEÓPTERO AFRICANO Digitonthophagus gazella CRIADO EM CATIVEIRO UTILIZANDO DIFERENTES RELAÇÃO DE MACHOS E FÊMEAS PARA REPRODUÇÃO

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a dinâmica populacional do coleóptero D. gasela criado em cativeiro em três acasalamentos durante o ano com diferentes proporções de machos e fêmeas. Foram utilizados cinco baldes de plástico para cada tratamento, T1: em cada balde foram acondicionados2 coleópteros, sendo 1 fêmea e 1 macho; T2 : em cada balde foram colocados 4 coleópteros sendo 3 fêmeas e 1 macho dando início ao período de acasalamento. Diariamente, durante 10 dias, foram alimentados com 350g de fezes bovinas frescas. Após 10 dias do início do período de acasalamento, foram retirados todos os coleópteros matrizes, restando apenas os ovos no interior das “pêras”. Houve diferença significativa entre tratamentos e períodos para o número de besouros nascidos. A relação de um macho para três fêmeas deu origem ao maior número de coleópteros nascidos comparado a relação um macho para uma fêmea. Observou-se maior ocorrência de fêmeas nascidas entre os meses de outubro a dezembro independente da relação macho:fêmea

Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activity from Algae of the Genus Caulerpa

Marine natural products have been the focus of discovery for new products of chemical and pharmacological interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of the methanolic (ME), acetate (AE), hexanic (HE) and chloroform (CE) extracts obtained from Caulerpa mexicana, and ME, CE and HE obtained from Caulerpa sertularioides. These marine algae are found all over the world, mainly in tropical regions. Models such as the writhing test, the hot plate test and formalin-induced nociception test were used to evaluate antinociceptive activity in laboratory mice. In the writhing test, all the extracts were administered orally at a concentration of 100 mg/kg, and induced high peripheral antinociceptive activity, with a reduction in the nociception induced by acetic acid above 65%. In the hot plate test, treatment with extracts from C. sertularioides (100 mg/kg, p.o.) did not significantly increase the latency of response, although the ME, AE and HE from C. mexicana showed activity in this model. This result suggests that these extracts exhibit antinociceptive activity. In the formalin test, it was observed that ME, AE and HE obtained from C. mexicana reduced the effects of formalin in both phases. On the other hand only CE from C. sertularioides induced significant inhibition of the nociceptive response in the first phase. To better assess the potential anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts, the carrageenan-induced peritonitis test was used to test Caulerpa spp. extracts on cell migration into the peritoneal cavity. In this assay, all extracts evaluated were able to significantly inhibit leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity in comparison with carrageenan. These data demonstrate that extracts from Caulerpa species elicit pronounced antinociceptive and anti-inflamatory activity against several nociception models. However, pharmacological and chemical studies are continuing in order to characterize the mechanism(s) responsible for the antinociceptive action and also to identify the active principles present in the Caulerpa species

The Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Caulerpin, a Bisindole Alkaloid Isolated from Seaweeds of the Genus Caulerpa

The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of caulerpin was investigated. This bisindole alkaloid was isolated from the lipoid extract of Caulerpa racemosa and its structure was identified by spectroscopic methods, including IR and NMR techniques. The pharmacological assays used were the writhing and the hot plate tests, the formalin-induced pain, the capsaicin-induced ear edema and the carrageenan-induced peritonitis. Caulerpin was given orally at a concentration of 100 μmol/kg. In the abdominal constriction test caulerpin showed reduction in the acetic acid-induced nociception at 0.0945 μmol (0.0103–1.0984) and for dypirone it was 0.0426 μmol (0.0092–0.1972). In the hot plate test in vivo the inhibition of nociception by caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) was also favorable. This result suggests that this compound exhibits a central activity, without changing the motor activity (seen in the rotarod test). Caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) reduced the formalin effects in both phases by 35.4% and 45.6%, respectively. The possible anti-inflammatory activity observed in the second phase in the formalin test of caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) was confirmed on the capsaicin-induced ear edema model, where an inhibition of 55.8% was presented. Indeed, it was also observed in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis that caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, reducing significantly the number of recruit cells by 48.3%. Pharmacological studies are continuing in order to characterize the mechanism(s) responsible for the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions and also to identify other active principles present in Caulerpa racemosa

AVANÇOS NA CIRURGIA DA ATRESIA ESOFÁGICA: ESTRATÉGIAS CIRÚRGICAS ATUAIS E PERSPECTIVAS FUTURAS

A atresia de esôfago é uma malformação congênita que interrompe o esôfago e frequentemente está associada à fístula traqueoesofágica. Com uma incidência de 1 em cada 2.500 a 4.500 nascidos vivos, a sobrevivência de recém-nascidos com esta condição aumentou para mais de 90% devido a avanços cirúrgicos desde 1939. Classificada em cinco tipos, a anomalia exige uma abordagem cirúrgica adequada baseada no tipo identificado, geralmente diagnosticado pós-natalmente por radiografia e sintomas clínicos. Além da importância do diagnóstico e intervenção precoces, a atresia esofágica muitas vezes se associa a outras malformações congênitas, formando o complexo VACTERL (Vertebral, Anorectal, Cardiac, Tracheoesophageal, Renal, Limb anomalies). O tratamento envolve anastomose esofágica primária ou, em casos complexos, técnicas avançadas como o uso de segmentos intestinais. O seguimento a longo prazo monitora complicações como estenose esofágica e refluxo gastroesofágico, garantindo suporte nutricional adequado. A revisão abrange literatura de 2004 a 2024, explorando aspectos fisiopatológicos, clínicos e estratégias cirúrgicas. A formação do esôfago e traqueia inicia-se na quarta semana de gestação, e falhas neste processo resultam na atresia esofágica. Síndromes como VACTERL e CHARGE frequentemente acompanham a atresia esofágica, complicando o manejo clínico. O diagnóstico, geralmente entre 24 e 48 horas após o nascimento, utiliza radiografias mostrando a sonda parada no esôfago. No tipo mais comum (tipo C), envolvendo fístula entre esôfago distal e traqueia, a cirurgia padrão é a toracotomia ou toracoscopia com anastomose primária. Nos casos de longa distância entre segmentos esofágicos (tipos A e B), técnicas de tração para crescimento esofágico ou substituição por segmentos intestinais podem ser necessárias. Para a atresia tipo H (tipo E), a broncoscopia pré-operatória localiza a fístula antes do reparo cirúrgico. A pesquisa contínua e desenvolvimento de novas técnicas são essenciais para melhorar desfechos clínicos e qualidade de vida dos pacientes. O manejo eficaz requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar e acompanhamento a longo prazo para monitorar possíveis complicações