Identificação de biótipos B, Q e nativo brasileiro do complexo da espécie Bemisia tabaci por meio de marcadores Scar

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver marcadores "sequence-characterized amplified region" (Scar) para identificar os biótipos B, Q e nativo brasileiro da mosca-branca [Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)]. Produtos de amplificação de DNA polimórfico amplificado ao acaso (RAPD), exclusivos aos biótipos B e nativo brasileiro, foram selecionados após análise de 12.000 amostras, para desenhar um conjunto de iniciadores específicos de Scar. Os marcadores Scar BT-B1 e BT-B3, usados para detectar o biótipo B, produziram fragmentos de PCR de 850 e 582 pb, respectivamente. O marcador Scar BT-BR1, utilizado para identificar o biótipo brasileiro, produziu um fragmento de PCR de 700 pb. Os marcadores Scar foram testados contra o biótipo Q, e um fluxograma foi proposto para indicar os passos para tomada de decisão sobre quando usar esses iniciadores, para discriminar corretamente os biótipos. Este procedimento permitiu identificar os biótipos que ocorrem em amostras de campo, como o biótipo B. O conjunto de iniciadores utilizados permitiu discriminar os biótipos B, Q e nativo brasileiro de B. tabaci. Esses iniciadores podem ser utilizados com sucesso para identificar o biótipo B de B. tabaci em amostras de campo, e mostram apenas um biótipo específico presente em todas as culturas.The objective of this work was to develop sequence-characterized amplified region (Scar) markers to identify the B, Q, and native Brazilian biotypes of the sweet potato whitefly [Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)]. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) amplification products, exclusive to the B and Brazilian biotypes, were selected after the analysis of 12,000 samples, in order to design a specific Scar primer set. The BT-B1 and BT-B3 Scar markers, used to detect the B biotype, produced PCR fragments of 850 and 582 bp, respectively. The BT-BR1 Scar marker, used to identify the Brazilian biotype, produced a PCR fragment of 700 bp. The Scar markers were tested against the Q biotype, and a flowchart was proposed to indicate the decision steps to use these primers, in order to correctly discriminate the biotypes. This procedure allowed to identify the biotypes that occur in field samples, such as the B biotype. The used set of primers allowed to discriminate the B, Q, and native Brazilian biotypes of B. tabaci. These primers can be successfully used to identify the B biotype of B. tabaci from field samples, showing only one specific biotype present in all cultures

A New Way to Improve Logistics Efficiency and Aircraft-Onground Recovery

The objective of this project was to bring more efficiency to logistics, improving time of Aircraft-on-Ground (AOG) recovery and developing possible saving for airlines operations. There proposed goal was to develop a system that would allow airlines to easily visualize an available space at the aircraft cargo bay on a desired flight and book its company materials (COMAT) on it, still respecting all appropriate regulation and the final availability of space. This project was inspired by an existing system called MyIDTravel that allows jointed airline’s personnel to buy available tickets with low fares. The objective was to develop something similar for COMAT. The personnel responsible for logistics at jointed airlines would be able to check available cargo bay spaces on the desired flights and book COMAT transportation paying regular prices but having priority over regular cargo. This would enhance the utilization of empty space and optimize the transportation of required material to restore or maintain the airlines operation

ADENOCARCINOMA EM CORNO UTERINO DE LAGOMORFO

Tumor lesions in the uterus can be more frequently observed in rabbits, the species represented in the present report, than in dogs and cats. Among the most diagnosed diseases in this species are those that affect the female reproductive system, especially the uterus. Uterine adenocarcinoma is a very common disease, 50 to 80% of females over 4 years old are affected. The patient in this report had a neoplasm in both uterine horns and the treatment chosen by the responsible veterinarian was the surgical procedure of ovariohysterectomy, to remove the uterus and ovaries The animal also had liver, kidney and intestinal changes, which increased the risks trans and postoperative. Thus, the present work reports the occurrence of adenocarcinoma as a result of prolonged hormonal stimuli in a female rabbit as an unconventional companion animal.Lesões tumorais em útero podem ser frequentemente mais observadas em coelhos, espécie representada zzno presente relato, que em cães e gatos. Dentre as doenças mais diagnosticadas nesta espécie, estão as que afetam o aparelho reprodutor feminino, principalmente o útero. O adenocarcinoma uterino é uma doença muito frequente, 50 a 80% das fêmeas com mais de 4 anos são afetadas. A paciente deste relato apresentou um quadro de neoplasia em ambos os cornos uterinos e o tratamento eleito pelo veterinário responsável foi o procedimento cirúrgico de ovariohisterectomia, para retirada do útero e ovários O animal também apresentava alterações hepáticas, renais e intestinais, as quais aumentavam os riscos trans e pós-operatório. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho relata a ocorrência de adenocarcinoma em decorrência de estímulos hormonais prolongados em uma coelha como animal de companhia não-convencional

IGF2, LEPR, POMC, PPARG, and PPARGC1 gene variants are associated with obesity-related risk phenotypes in Brazilian children and adolescents.

Association studies of genetic variants and obesity and/or obesity-related risk factors have yielded contradictory results. The aim of the present study was to determine the possible association of five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the IGF2, LEPR, POMC, PPARG, and PPARGC1 genes with obesity or obesity-related risk phenotypes. This case-control study assessed overweight (n=192) and normal-weight (n=211) children and adolescents. The SNPs were analyzed using minisequencing assays, and variables and genotype distributions between the groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance and Pearson?s chi-square or Fisher?s exact tests. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and gender was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) for selected phenotype risks in each group. No difference in SNP distribution was observed between groups. In children, POMC rs28932472(C) was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure (P=0.001), higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P=0.014), and higher risk in overweight children of altered total cholesterol (OR=7.35, P=0.006). In adolescents, IGF2 rs680(A) was associated with higher glucose (P=0.012) and higher risk in overweight adolescents for altered insulin (OR=10.08, P=0.005) and homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (OR=6.34, P=0.010). PPARG rs1801282(G) conferred a higher risk of altered insulin (OR=12.31, P=0.003), and HOMA-IR (OR=7.47, P=0.005) in overweight adolescents. PARGC1 rs8192678(A) was associated with higher triacylglycerols (P=0.005), and LEPR rs1137101(A) was marginally associated with higher LDL cholesterol (P=0.017). LEPR rs1137101(A) conferred higher risk for altered insulin, and HOMA-IR in overweight adolescents. The associations observed in this population suggested increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and/or type 2 diabetes later in life for individuals carrying these allele

Vigilância epidemiológica do vírus do Nilo Ocidental no mundo e no Brasil: relevância da vigilância equina no contexto de saúde única

O vírus do Nilo Ocidental (WNV) é um flavivírus neuropatogênico transmitido por mosquito, mantido na natureza emum ciclo de transmissão zoonótica entre as aves e os mosquitos ornitofílicos, principalmente do gênero Culex. Até a décadade 1990, o WNV era considerado um arbovírus do mundo antigo, mas em 1999 surgiu nos Estados Unidos da Américae se espalhou rapidamente, tornando-se uma grande ameaça à saúde pública. O WNV se adaptou ao ciclo envolvendomosquitos e pássaros americanos e chegou à América Central e do Sul nos anos subsequentes. Em 2003, o Sistema Nacionalde Vigilância da Febre do Nilo Ocidental no Brasil foi criado com base na triagem sorológica de animais sentinelas evetores, conforme recomendado pela Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS) e pela Organização Mundial daSaúde (OMS). Desde 2008, evidências sorológicas de infecção por WNV em equinos brasileiros têm sido relatadas e acirculação do WNV monitorada por meio de triagem sorológica de cavalos sentinelas, além da notificação de casos deencefalomielite. Os equinos são altamente suscetíveis ao WNV e surtos de doenças neurológicas geralmente precedemcasos humanos. Nesse sentido, a vigilância equina tem sido essencial para fornecer um alerta precoce às autoridades desaúde pública e animal em vários países, incluindo o Brasil. Isso demonstra a necessidade de programas de intervençãoem saúde pública e animal para alocar recursos e conscientizar os médicos veterinários sobre seu papel em processos devigilância humana que envolvam equinos. Nesta revisão, é discutida a importância da vigilância equina e dos médicosveterinários como linha de frente na vigilância humana no Brasil e no mundo, no contexto de saúde única.West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurovirulent mosquito-borne Flavivirus that is maintained in nature by a zoonotic transmissioncycle between avian hosts and ornithophilic mosquito vectors, mostly from the Culex genus. Until the 1990s, WNV wasconsidered to be an old-world arbovirus, but in 1999, WNV emerged in the United States (US) and spread rapidly, becoming amajor threat to public health. WNV adapted to the transmission cycle involving American mosquitoes and birds and reachedCentral and South America in subsequent years. In 2003, the National West Nile Fever Surveillance System was created in Brazilbased on serological screening of animals and sentinel vectors, as recommended by the Pan American Health Organization(PAHO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Since 2008, serological evidence of WNV infection in Brazilian horseshas been reported, and the circulation of WNV has been monitored through the regular serological screening of sentinel horsesand reporting of encephalomyelitis cases. Horses are highly susceptible to WNV infection, and outbreaks of neurologicaldisease among horses often precede human cases. In this regard, equine surveillance has been essential in providing earlywarning to public and animal health authorities in several countries, including Brazil. This demonstrates the need for animaland public health intervention programs to allocate resources to make veterinarians aware of the role they can play in thehuman surveillance processes by monitoring horses. This review discusses the importance of equine surveillance and the gapthat veterinarians can fill on the front line in human surveillance, in Brazil and worldwide, in the context of “One Health

a multicenter study

(1) Background: The Commercial Kit SIRE Nitratase® PlastLabor, is a drug susceptibility test kit used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to first-line TB treatment drugs. The present study aimed at evaluating its performance in a multicenter study. (2) Methods: To determine its accuracy, the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or the BACTECTMMGITTM960 system was used as a gold standard. (3) Results: The study revealed that the respective accuracies of the kit with 190 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates, using the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or BACTECTMMGITTM960 system as a gold standard, were 93.9% and 94.6%, 96.9% and 94.6%, 98.0% and 97.8%, and 98.0% and 98.9%, for streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol, respectively. (4) Conclusion: Thus, the kit can rapidly screen resistance to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol. Additionally, it does not require sophisticated equipment; hence, it can be easily used in the laboratories of low and middle income countries.publishersversionpublishe

Fen?tipo da obesidade, ancestralidade gen?tica e polimorfismos em genes candidatos em escolares de uma popula??o miscigenada.

O cen?rio atual da obesidade no mundo tem despertado a aten??o da comunidade cient?fica. Entretanto, a influ?ncia de fatores diversos na obesidade polig?nica tem sido um grande desafio nos estudos sobre esta condi??o. Estudos de associa??o t?m indicado genes candidatos ? obesidade e a fen?tipos relacionados. Estudos em popula??es miscigenadas mostram que a preval?ncia da obesidade e de doen?as relacionadas, tais como a diabetes tipo 2 e a hipertens?o, pode variar conforme o grupo ?tnico. Entretanto, este ? um universo ainda desconhecido. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a associa??o de polimorfismos gen?ticos com a adiposidade e a rela??o da ancestralidade gen?mica com fen?tipos associados a obesidade em uma amostra de crian?as e adolescentes escolares de Ouro Preto, MG. Para tanto, determinamos a ancestralidade gen?tica de 189 indiv?duos utilizando 15 marcadores informativos de ancestralidade (MIAs) e correlacionamos com a cor da pele auto-referida atrav?s de ANOVA seguida por teste Post Hoc. Adicionalmente, segregamos os indiv?duos em tr?s grupos (predominantemente Africano - PAFR, predominantemente Miscigenado ? PMIS e predominantemente Europeu - PEUR) utilizando a propor??o de ancestralidade >0,650 como ponto de corte e comparamos os valores m?dios de caracter?sticas antropom?tricas, cl?nicas, bioqu?micas e demogr?ficas. Modelo de regress?o linear simples foi testado para verificar se diferen?as nos valores m?dios das vari?veis entre os grupos foram independentes ou n?o de outras vari?veis. Posteriormente realizamos uma an?lise de associa??o entre 12 polimorfismos de base ?nica (single nucleotide polymorphism ? SNP) em genes candidatos com adiposidade e com fen?tipos de risco componentes da s?ndrome metab?lica e relacionados ? obesidade. Nossos resultados mostram que a contribui??o Europ?ia (EUR), Africana (AFR) e Amer?ndia na popula??o correspondeu a 50,3%, 33,3% e 16,4%, respectivamente. Os grupos de cor da pele preta e morena clara n?o se distinguiram com rela??o ?s ancestralidades AFR e EUR e sobreposi??es das ancestralidades foram observadas entre os grupos. Indiv?duos PAFR apresentaram maiores valores m?dios de press?o arterial e glicose e menores valores de hemoglobina em rela??o a PEUR. No modelo de regress?o linear, a diferen?a nos valores de press?o arterial sist?lica e glicose entre os grupos foi independente de outras vari?veis, enquanto que os valores de hemoglobina foi dependente da press?o arterial sist?lica e diast?lica, glicose, lip?dios e renda. Embora n?o tenha sido observada a associa??o de nenhum dos 12 SNPs com a adiposidade, outras associa??es foram observadas. Sete SNPs (APM1 rs266729, KCNJ11 rs5219, SLC6A14 rs2011162, POMC rs28932472, IGF2 rs680, LEPR rs1137101 e PPARGC1 rs8192678) foram associados a valores m?dios de vari?veis antropom?tricas e/ou bioqu?micas. Na an?lise de regress?o log?stica bin?ria ajustada por sexo e idade, cinco SNPs (APM1 rs266729:C>G, IGF2 rs680:G>A, LEPR rs1137101:A>G POMC rs28932472:C>G and PPARGC1 rs8192678:A>G) apresentaram odds ratio significativa para pelo menos um dos componentes propostos para caracterizar a s?ndrome metab?lica em crian?as e adolescentes.The current scenario of obesity in the world has called the attention of scientists worldwide. However, the influence of several factors in polygenic obesity has been a major barrier for studies about this condition. Association studies have indicated candidate genes for obesity and related phenotypes. Studies in admixed population shows that the prevalence of obesity and related diseases such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension, may vary by ethnic group. However, this is a universe still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms with adiposity and the relationship of genetic ancestry with phenotypes associated with obesity in a sample of school children and adolescents from Ouro Preto, MG. So, we determined the genetic ancestry of 189 individulas using 15 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) and correlated them to self-reported skin color by ANOVA followed by Post Hoc test. Additionally, we segregate individuals into three groups (predominantly African ? PAFR, predominantly Multiethnic - PMIS and predominantly European - PEUR) using the proportion of ancestry> 0.650 as the cutoff point and comparing the mean values of anthropometric, clinical, biochemical and demographic variables. Simple linear regression model was tested to verify whether differences in mean values of variables between groups were independent or not of other variables. Subsequently, we performed an analysis of association between 12 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms ? SNPs) in candidate genes with adiposity and with risk phenotypes which are components of metabolic syndrome and related to obesity. Our results show that the contribution of European (EUR), African (AFR) and Amerindian ancestries in the population accounted for 50.3%, 33.3% and 16.4%, respectively. The black and light brown skin color groups are not distinguished with respect to AFR and EUR ancestries and overlap of ancestries were observed between groups. PAFR individuals had higher mean blood pressure and glucose and lower hemoglobin levels compared to PEUR. In the linear regression model, the difference in systolic blood pressure, and glucose between the groups was independent of other variables whilst hemoglobin was dependent on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, lipids and income. Although we did not observe any association of the 12 SNPs with adiposity, other associations were observed. Seven SNPs (APM1 rs266729, KCNJ11 rs5219, SLC6A14 rs2011162, POMC rs28932472, IGF2 rs680, LEPR rs1137101 e PPARGC1 rs8192678) were associated with mean values of anthropometric and/or biochemical variables. In the logistic binary regression adjusted by sex and age, five SNPs (APM1 rs266729:C>G, IGF2 rs680:G>A, LEPR rs1137101:A>G POMC rs28932472:C>G and PPARGC1 rs8192678:A>G) showed significant odds ratio for presenting at least one phenotype proposed to characterize metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents

UM PANORAMA ESTATÍSTICO DE CUNHO ECONOMICO, SOCIAL E EDUCACIONAL DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE

Atualmente é comum verificarmos a aplicação da Estatística nas mais diversas áreas, auxiliando na coleta, organização e interpretação de fatos numéricos, que chamamos de dados. Seu estudo é de muita relevância para a tomada de decisões coerentes com a realidade a ser analisada. O presente trabalho teve como meta, através de uma análise estatística, estudar as relações existentes entre as variáveis “taxa bruta de freqüência escolar”, “renda per capita” e “índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal” coletadas dos cento e sessenta e seis municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, no ano de 2000 – através de uma pesquisa realizada pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) –, e, a partir daí, obter uma melhor visão crítica sobre o panorama econômico, educacional e social da região. Com os resultados obtidos – no geral, verificamos taxas bastante reduzidas para os municípios do estado se comparadas com a média brasileira –, pudemos verificar o grau de interferência das variáveis entre si, assim como detectar problemas gerais e específicos dentro do nosso estado, o que poderia exigir diretrizes cabíveis de ordem governamental para melhorar os resultados encontrados. E, como não poderia deixar de ser, concluímos dando sugestões sobre temas para futuros trabalhos que poderiam complementar o nosso e, assim, estender a pesquisa, de forma a agregar conhecimentos sobre a realidade do Rio Grande do Norte

Genetic ancestry is associated with systolic blood pressure and glucose in Brazilian children and adolescents.

Background: Studies in admixed populations show that the prevalence of obesity and related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension, may vary by ethnic group. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of genetic ancestry with phenotypes associated with obesity in a sample of school children and adolescents from Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. Methods: We used data from genetic ancestry of 189 individuals previously determined by 15 ancestry informative markers (AIMs), and segregated individuals into three ancestral groups (predominantly African (PAFR), predominantly mixed (PMIX), and predominantly European (PEUR)) using the proportion of ancestry. The ancestral groups were compared with mean values of anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and demographic variables. The simple linear regression analysis was used to test whether differences in mean values of the dependent variables (blood pressure and glucose) between the ancestral groups were dependent on the other variables. Results: Our results show that the proportions of African (F = 144.2, P < 0.001), Amerindian (F = 15.5, P < 0.001) and European (F = 184.9, P < 0.001) ancestry differed significantly (P < 0.001) among the three ancestral groups. PAFR individuals had higher mean blood pressure (P ≤ 0.029) and glucose (P = 0.025) as compared to PEUR. In the linear regression model, the difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) values remained significant in all models tested and independent of confounding variables (P ≤ 0.041). The difference in diastolic blood pressure values observed in PAFR and PEUR groups did not remain significant when the metabolic profile was included in the tested model (P = 0.097). The difference in glucose values was significant only between PMIX and PEUR groups and independent of the settings (P ≤ 0.037). Conclusion: The positive correlation between genetic ancestry and SBP and glucose in Brazilian children and adolescents suggests the need for special care in the subgroups of this population