Novel insights into pivotal risk factors for rectal carriage of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing enterobacterales within the general population in Lower Saxony, Germany

AIMS: To estimate the prevalence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacterales (ESBL-E) carriage in the general population of Lower Saxony, Germany, and to identify risk factors for being colonised. METHODS AND RESULTS: Participants were recruited through local press and information events. Detection of ESBL-E by culture was conducted using ESBL-selective chromagar plates containing third generation cephalosporins. Identification of pathogens was performed using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight-Technology on Vitek mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted by microdilution (Vitek II) and an ESBL confirmation assay was carried out using a combination disk test. Of 527 randomly collected stool samples from healthy volunteers, 5.5% were tested positive for ESBL-E. Post-stratification for age and gender yielded a similar population estimate (5.9%). People traveling abroad and taking antibiotics had the greatest rectal ESBL-E carriage. CONCLUSIONS: Potential risk factors (e.g., working in healthcare facilities, recent inpatient stay) did not attribute to rectal ESBL-E carriage as other factors (e.g., traveling, taking antibiotics). Rectal ESBL-E carriage within the general population seems to be high. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: The known risk factors for carriage with MDRO might not be fully applicable to ESBL-E and require further examination in order to develop effective strategies for the prevention of ESBL-E dissemination within the general population

Исследования гидравлических сопротивлений при движении в трубах золошлаковых тампонажно- закладочных суспензий

Експериментально досліджено залежність гідравлічного опору від швидкості руху та концентрації золошлакових суспензій при течії по трубах. Встановлена критична швидкість руху концентрованих гідросумішей.Dependence of hydraulic resistance is experimentally set from the rate of movement of ash-slag suspensions at a flow on pipes. The critical speed of motion of the concentrated slurries is set

An overview of the utilisation of microalgae biomass derived from nutrient recycling of wet market wastewater and slaughterhouse wastewater

Microalgae have high nutritional values for aquatic organisms compared to fish meal, because microalgae cells are rich in proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. However, the high cost for the commercial production of microalgae biomass using fresh water or artificial media limits its use as fish feed. Few studies have investigated the potential of wet market wastewater and slaughterhouse wastewater for the production of microalgae biomass. Hence, this study aims to highlight the potential of these types of wastewater as an alternative superior medium for microalgae biomass as they contain high levels of nutrients required for microalgae growth. This paper focuses on the benefits of microalgae biomass produced during the phycore-mediation of wet market wastewater and slaughterhouse wastewater as fish feed. The extraction techniques for lipids and proteins as well as the studies conducted on the use of microalgae biomass as fish feed were reviewed. The results showed that microalgae biomass can be used as fish feed due to feed utilisation efficiency, physiological activity, increased resistance for several diseases, improved stress response, and improved protein retention

Regioisomeric and substituent effects upon the outcome of the reaction of 1-borodienes with nitrosoarene compounds

A study of the reactivity of 1-borodienes with nitrosoarene compounds has been carried out showing an outcome that differs according to the hybridization state of the boron moiety. Using an sp2 boron substituent, a one-pot hetero-Diels–Alder/ring contraction cascade occurred to afford N-arylpyrroles with low to good yields depending on the electronic properties of the substituents on the borodiene, whereas an sp3 boron substituent led to the formation of stable boro-oxazines with high regioselectivity in most of the cases, in moderate to good yields. 1H and 11B NMR studies on two boro-oxazine regioisomers showed that selective deprotection can be performed. Formation of either the pyrrole or the furan derivative is pH- and regioisomer-structure-dependent. The results obtained, together with previous B3LYP calculations, support mechanistic proposals which suggest that pyrrole, or furan, formation proceeds via oxazine formation, followed by a boryl rearrangement and an intramolecular addition–elimination sequence

Best practices in heterotrophic high-cell-density microalgal processes: achievements, potential and possible limitations

Microalgae of numerous heterotrophic genera (obligate or facultative) exhibit considerable metabolic versatility and flexibility but are currently underexploited in the biotechnological manufacturing of known plant-derived compounds, novel high-value biomolecules or enriched biomass. Highly efficient production of microalgal biomass without the need for light is now feasible in inexpensive, well-defined mineral medium, typically supplemented with glucose. Cell densities of more than 100 g l−1 cell dry weight have been achieved with Chlorella, Crypthecodinium and Galdieria species while controlling the addition of organic sources of carbon and energy in fedbatch mode. The ability of microalgae to adapt their metabolism to varying culture conditions provides opportunities to modify, control and thereby maximise the formation of targeted compounds with non-recombinant microalgae. This review outlines the critical aspects of cultivation technology and current best practices in the heterotrophic high-cell-density cultivation of microalgae. The primary topics include (1) the characteristics of microalgae that make them suitable for heterotrophic cultivation, (2) the appropriate chemical composition of mineral growth media, (3) the different strategies for fedbatch cultivations and (4) the principles behind the customisation of biomass composition. The review confirms that, although fundamental knowledge is now available, the development of efficient, economically feasible large-scale bioprocesses remains an obstacle to the commercialisation of this promising technology