Recombination processes in the lower ionosphere

Rate of nitrogen oxide ion recombination in auror

Strength assessment of transversal T-beam webs in cruise ships

Shipyards are increasing production efficiency. The main means to achieve higher efficiency are reducing the number of structural parts and increasing manufacturing automation. Potential target for the improvements would be design of transversal T-beams webs. This thesis presents strength assessment method for evaluation transversal T-beam webs in cruise ships. The method is based on nonlinear finite element method and shell element mesh for ultimate strength and linear analysis and Timoshenko beam elements for the load assessment. Generic loading is applied to T-beams as a load vectors in nonlinear analysis to evaluate capacity using buckling, yielding and ultimate limit state criteria. The obtained strength of T-beams is compared against realistic loading calculated with linear analysis. The main realistic loadings were presented: global still water and wave loads, local deck pressure and block lifting. The method is applied to a two case studies. Case study one compares the effect of the tripping brackets. It is discovered that strength is not increased significantly in case of 0, 1 and 2 tripping brackets. However, the presence of the tripping brackets significantly increase post buckling capacity of the T-beams. Case study two shows an approximate range of production induced damage. Induced damage is caused by different bending sequences from transportation, welding, blocks balancing, block lifting etc. which lead to plastic deformations of T-beams. The magnitude of production induced damage is found to be significantly higher than combined contribution from operational loads

Rate of steady-state reconnection in an incompressible plasma

The reconnection rate is obtained for the simplest case of 2D symmetric reconnection in an incompressible plasma. In the short note (Erkaev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.,84, 1455 (2000)), the reconnection rate is found by matching the outer Petschek solution and the inner diffusion region solution. Here the details of the numerical simulation of the diffusion region are presented and the asymptotic procedure which is used for deriving the reconnection rate is described. The reconnection rate is obtained as a decreasing function of the diffusion region length. For a sufficiently large diffusion region scale, the reconnection rate becomes close to that obtained in the Sweet-Parker solution with the inverse square root dependence on the magnetic Reynolds number, determined for the global size of the current sheet. On the other hand, for a small diffusion region length scale, the reconnection rate turns out to be very similar to that obtained in the Petschek model with a logarithmic dependence on the magnetic Reynolds number. This means that the Petschek regime seems to be possible only in the case of a strongly localized conductivity corresponding to a small scale of the diffusion region.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure

Trust number 88 — the main builder of Vagonka

Восстанавливая страницы истории Великой Отечественной войны и говоря о ратном подвиге советского народа, мы неизменно говорим и о героическом подвиге тыла. У нас в Нижнем Тагиле это, конечно, горняки, металлурги, танкостроители. И как-то на втором плане оказываются строители, благодаря самоотверженному труду которых были в короткий срок воздвигнуты новые производственные корпуса, в которых ковалось оружие победы. Неразрывно с историей Вагонки связан трест № 88, бывший «Уралмашстрой» или просто УМС.Restoring the pages of the history of the Great Patriotic War, and speak-ing of the feat of arms of the Soviet people, we always talk about the heroic feat of the rear. In our native town Nizhny Tagil, of course, they are miners, metallurgists, tank builders. And somehow in the background there are builders, thanks to the dedicated work of whom, new production buildings were erected in a short period of time. And namely in these production buildings the weapons of Victory were forged. Trust number 88, the former "Uralmashstroy" or simply UMC, was inseparably linked with the history of Vagonka

Ion-cyclotron turbulence and diagonal double layers in a magnetospheric plasma

A survey of current concepts regarding electrostatic ion-cyclotron turbulence (theory and experiment), and regarding inclined double potential layers in the magnetospheric plasma is presented. Anomalous resistance governed by electrostatic ion-cyclotron turbulence, and one-dimensional and two-dimensional models of double electrostatic layers in the magnetospheric plasma are examined

Magnetopause stand-off distance in dependence on the magnetosheath and solar wind parameters

International audienceA model of the magnetosheath structure proposed in a recent paper from the authors is extended to estimate the magnetopause stand-off distance from solar wind data. For this purpose, the relationship of the magnetopause location to the magnetosheath and solar wind parameters is studied. It is shown that magnetopause erosion may be explained in terms of the magnetosheath magnetic field penetration into the magnetosphere. The coefficient of penetration (the ratio of the magnetospheric magnetic field depression to the intensity of the magnetosheath magnetic field Bm?z=?Bmsin2?/2, is estimated and found approximately to equal 1. It is shown that having combined a magnetosheath model presented in an earlier paper and the magnetosheath field penetration model presented in this paper, it is possible to predict the magnetopause stand-off distance from solar wind parameters

On the calculation of percentile-based bibliometric indicators

A percentile-based bibliometric indicator is an indicator that values publications based on their position within the citation distribution of their field. The most straightforward percentile-based indicator is the proportion of frequently cited publications, for instance the proportion of publications that belong to the top 10% most frequently cited of their field. Recently, more complex percentile-based indicators were proposed. A difficulty in the calculation of percentile-based indicators is caused by the discrete nature of citation distributions combined with the presence of many publications with the same number of citations. We introduce an approach to calculating percentile-based indicators that deals with this difficulty in a more satisfactory way than earlier approaches suggested in the literature. We show in a formal mathematical framework that our approach leads to indicators that do not suffer from biases in favor of or against particular fields of science

Análisis de la trama urbana de Lorca tras el terremoto de 2011: interacción entre daños y la configuración urbanística y geotécnica de la ciudad.

Este trabajo tiene el propósito de hacer un estudio exhaustivo de la interacción entre los daños provocados por el terremoto y la configuración urbanística y geotécnica en la trama urbana de Lorca. Para ellos, se tendrá en cuenta la historia sísmica de la zona, las caracterísitcas del terreno y las caracterísitcas de las diferentes configuraciones urbanísticas y geotécnicas, con el fin de poder prevenir futuros daños.Escuela de Ingeniería de Caminos y MinasUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagen

Ecological and Physiological Patterns of Selenium Migration within the Volga River Ecosystem

The article presents the results of selenium migration analysis within river ecosystem. Maximal concentration of selenium was observed near Tomakovsky and Nazarovsky ravines within Saratov territory. The concentration of this microelement at the right river bank was slightly higher than at the left bank. The concentration of selenium in bottom soil ranged from 0.062–0.099 μg/g. Maximal concentration of microelement was found in clasping-leaved pondweed. Selenium concentration in fish bodies depends on their species and nutrition. Maximal concentration of microelement was found in crucian carps, and minimal – in rudds