Building Information Modeling Based Time And Cost Planning In Construction Projects

This paper presents time and cost planning in construction projects using building information modeling (BIM) approach. The BIM technique can be incorporated into the time and cost planning process through several steps. At the beginning, a 3D model of the construction object is developed using an adequate modeling application. After that, the 3D model is imported into suitable BIM construction management software. Thereupon, the project costs are estimated on the basis of quantities of required resources, consumptions, production rates and unit costs. The project activities are then defined and linked to the construction elements of the 3D model as well as updated with allocated resources and costs. The activities with established durations are mutually connected together into a project network plan by taking into account relevant precedence relationships. The project duration is automatically determined from the generated network plan. Finally, the BIM model of the construction object is completed by upgrading the 3D model with defined scheduling and cost data. An application example is presented in the paper to demonstrate the advantages of BIM implementation in architecture, engineering and construction industry

Pedagoški i istraživački rad o informacijskom modeliranju građevina u organizaciji građenja

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an approach that is increasingly gaining ground in construction practice. It became a modern approach for managing construction projects not only in phases of design and construction preparation but also during the implementation process. A comprehensive approach, covering 3D, 4D and 5D BIM modeling, is becoming crucial for the successful realization of mentioned tasks. Therefore, students of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture at the University of Maribor also learn about the BIM approach during their studies. Through subjects’ implementation of the Chair of Construction Management, Technology and Economics, 4D and 5D BIM models are generated for actual constructions each year. As an example, the paper gives a brief review of students' work on the kindergarten facility in Pekre. The mentioned facility was also monitored during the construction within the framework of two research projects. The positive trend of BIM implementation is increasing both in the construction practice as well as in the final work of students due to greater awareness about the purpose and usefulness of such education for engagement in construction management.Informacijsko modeliranje građevina (eng. Building Information Modeling, BIM) je pristup koji se sve više primjenjuje u građevinskoj praksi. Ne samo u fazama projektiranja i pripreme za gradnju, nego i u fazi implementacije, kao moderan pristup za praćenje te upravljanje građevinskim projektima. Sveobuhvatan pristup, koji uključuje 3D, 4D i 5D BIM modeliranje, postaje ključan za uspješnu realizaciju spomenutih zadaća. Stoga i studenti Fakulteta za građevinarstvo, prometno inženjerstvo i arhitekturu Sveučilišta u Mariboru upoznaju BIM pristup tijekom studija. Provedbom predmeta Katedre za operativno građevinarstvo se tijekom svake godine izrađuju 4D i 5D BIM modeli za realne građevine. U članku je kao primjer dan kratak pregled rada studenata za zgradu dječjeg vrtića Pekre. Spomenuti objekt se također pratio tijekom izgradnje u okviru istraživačkog projekta. Trend implementacije BIM pristupa se povećava i u građevinskoj praksi i u završnim radovima studenata zbog sve veće svijesti o svrsi te korisnosti takve edukacije za angažman u organizaciji građenja

PREGLED DOSTIGNUĆA PRIMJENE BIM KONCEPTA U HRVATSKOJ, ČEŠKOJ, NJEMAČKOJ I SLOVENIJI

Building information modelling (BIM) may currently be considered the fastest developing concept in the field of construction management, aiming to become a global standard. Although the roots of the concept date back to the mid-1970s, some original expectations are still missing from its implementation. There has been a time gap between its theoretical and practical implementations. While the simultaneous development of information technologies is one reason for the implementation delay, other reasons remain unclear. This paper analyzes the gaps between theoretical and practical BIM application, as well as the legislation regarding BIM implementation in four countries (in alphabetical order: Croatia, the Czech Republic, Germany, and Slovenia). The paper additionally presents a survey of current practical BIM applications as well as general and theoretical feedback from construction projects that implemented BIM.Jedan od najbrže razvijajućih koncepata u domeni metoda i alata za upravljanje građevinskim projektima, uz konačni cilj da postane globalni standard, je informacijsko modeliranje građevina, tj. BIM. Iako se koncept razvija od sredine 1970-ih, neka od originalnih očekivanja u njegovoj primjeni i danas nedostaju. Očito je da postoji vremensko odstojanje između njegove teorijske i praktične primjene. Istovremeno, razvijanje nužnih alata informacijske tehnologije je jedan od razloga zašto praktična primjena zaostaje, no ostali razlozi su još nejasni. U ovome radu autori analiziraju razlike između teoretske i praktične primjene BIM-a u zemljama odakle dolaze (Hrvatske, Češke, Njemačke i Slovenije). Rad predstavlja pregled trenutačnih dostignuća primjene BIM-a te povratnih informacija s projekata na kojima je BIM primijenjen

Katalog zaključnih del študentov FGPA s področja BIM

Informacijsko modeliranje gradbenih objektov (angl. Building Information Modeling - BIM), kot sodoben pristop v grajenem okolju, združuje področja gradbeništva, arhitekture, strojništva in druga področja, povezana z gradbenimi projekti s pomočjo informacijsko komunikacijskih tehnologij. Izdelek BIM-pristopa je informacijski model gradbenega objekta, ki z vsemi zbranimi informacijami predstavlja povečanje kakovosti, natančnosti in dostopnosti do informacij v celotnem življenjskem ciklu gradbenih projektov. Z BIMpristopom se tako izboljšajo procesi (procesni model) ter posamezni sklopi obravnav gradbenega objekta (objektni model) pri gradbenih projektih v vseh fazah obravnave. Takšen pristop celostno obravnava gradbene projekte od njihove idejne zasnove, geometrijske upodobitve objekta, funkcionalne namembnosti, strukturne in energetske analize, umeščenosti v prostor, vse do njihove realizacije ter pozneje pri uporabi in na koncu pri razgradnji. Odgovornost Fakultete za gradbeništvo, prometno inženirstvo in arhitekturo Univerze v Mariboru (FGPA UM), katere primarna dejavnost je izobraževanje in usposabljanje bodočih kadrov, ob nenehnem raziskovanju in razvoju novih sodobnih oblik pridobivanja znanja, je izjemno velika. Zato se vsebine študijskih programov nenehno prilagajajo novim trendom v gradbeništvu. K temu veliko doprinese entuziazem in interes študentov, ki se skupaj z mentorji in somentorji pri svojih zaključnih delih podajo na nova, nemalokrat še neraziskana področja obravnav gradbenih projektov s sodobnim BIM-pristopom. Pričujoča e-publikacija z naslovom Katalog zaključnih del študentov FGPA s področja BIM podaja povzetke zaključnih del diplomantov, magistrantov in doktorandov, ki so ali bodo v kratkem zaključili študij na FGPA in katerih zaključna dela obravnavajo BIM-pristop. Namen e-publikacije je promocija študentov, ter posledično tudi FGPA, in je lahko hkrati vir informacij za podjetja z vizijo uvajanja BIMpristopa, pri iskanju usposobljenihkadrov, ki jih potrebujejo za doseganje zastavljenih ciljev razvoja

CONTEMPORARY METHODS FOR SCHEDULING AND TRACKING OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Za uspešno izvedbo gradbenega projekta so ključnega pomena čas, stroški in kakovost, ki jih je potrebno medsebojno ustrezno uskladiti glede na potrebe in zahteve posameznih pogodbenih partnerjev in to v vseh fazah gradbenega projekta. Pri tem ima pomembno vlogo izbor in uporaba ustrezne informacijske tehnologije oz. ustreznih programskih orodij za planiranje in spremljanje gradbenih projektov. Razvoj teh programskih orodij ponuja sodobne metode terminskega planiranja in spremljanja gradnje objektov. Izvedena primerjava med klasičnimi metodami terminskega planiranja in spremljanja gradnje objektov ter sodobnimi metodami, ki temeljijo na 3D in 4D modelih in vizualizaciji gradbenih objektov in procesov, podaja prednosti in pomanjkljivosti posameznih metod, smernice za uporabo najprimernejše metode, ter nakazuje potrebo po nadaljnjih raziskavah.To complete the building project are crucial time, cost and quality, which need to be mutually aligned to the needs and requirements of all project participants (owner, designer, constructor) and that in all phases of a construction project. The selection and the usage of appropriate information technology and appropriate software tools play an important role for planning and monitoring construction projects. The development of software tools offers modern methods for the scheduling, the planning and monitoring of construction projects. The comparison was performed between conventional methods for planning and monitoring of building construction and contemporary methods, which are based on 3D and 4D construction models and visualization of building constructions and processes. The results of the comparison demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of the considered methods, give guidelines for using the most appropriate methods and indicates the need for further research

Automated construction progress monitoring using continuous multipoint indoor and outdoor 3D scanning

Avtomatsko spremljanje procesa gradnje na gradbišču je zelo pomembno za učinkovito vodenje gradbenih projektov, saj nadomešča sedanjo prakso, kjer se spremljanje izvaja ročno in predstavlja obsežna dela strokovnjakov, ki so časovno zelo zamudna, povezana z visokimi stroški ter so pogosto neučinkovita. Za doseganje učinkovitega vodenja gradbenih projektov je zelo pomembno zagotavljanje pravočasnih in natančnih podatkov o napredovanju gradnje na gradbišču. V gradbeni industriji je dandanes zaznan povečan proces integracije informacijskega modeliranja gradbenih objektov (ang. Building Information Modeling – BIM) v vseh fazah gradbenih projektov. Številne raziskave in publikacije na tem področju nakazujejo eksponentno rast interesa uporabe BIM-pristopa s poudarkom na geometrijski zasnovi, tj. 3D BIM-modeliranju gradbenih objektov, ki je pogosto nadgrajeno z informacijami o časovni dimenziji izvajanja aktivnosti gradnje, tj. 4D BIM, in stroških, tj. 5D BIM-modeliranje. V raziskovanju smo se osredotočili na primerjavo med 4D izvedenim (as-built, AB) in 4D načrtovanim modelom (as-designed, AD), poimenovano tudi Scan-vs-BIM. Avtomatsko ugotavljanje dejanskega stanja na gradbišču in primerjava z načrtovano izvedbo je eden ključnih izzivov za avtomatizacijo spremljanja procesa gradnje. Številne raziskave so se tako usmerile v avtomatizacijo procesa spremljanja gradnje in razvite so različne metode in pristopi. Z modeliranjem AB BIM, tj. dejanskega stanja na gradbišču na osnovi oblaka točk, se pretežno uporabljajo tehnike zajemanja podatkov s fotogrametrijo, videogrametrijo ter laserskim skeniranjem. Obstoječe metode in tehnike avtomatiziranega spremljanja gradnje so eksperimentalnega značaja, izvedene kot posamezni primeri, v gradbeni praksi pa se nobena ni uveljavila. Vzroki so različni in so posledica pomanjkljivosti posameznih obstoječih metod pri uporabi na gradbišču. Razvoj metode v okviru doktorske disertacije predvideva kontinuirano večlokacijsko avtomatsko zajemanje podatkov znotraj gradbenega objekta in zunaj njega s pomočjo skenerjev, integriranih v čeladah delavcev, ki ustvarjajo oblake točk (point clouds, PC) na osnovi globinskih slik (depth images) ter združeno predstavljajo oblak točk celotnega dejansko izvedenega gradbenega objekta (4D AB PC) med celotnim procesom gradnje. 4D AB PC skupaj s 3D BIM-modelom (3D AD BIM) omogoča identifikacijo posameznih izvedenih elementov in generiranje 4D AB BIM-modela. Primerjava 4D AB BIM-modela z načrtovanim 4D AD BIM-modelom daje kot rezultat tiste elemente, ki odstopajo od načrtovane izvedbe v izbranem času. Bistvena novost razvite metode avtomatskega kontinuiranega spremljanja procesa gradnje (ACCPM), v primerjavi z obstoječimi metodami, je v postopku zajemanja podatkov, ki odpravlja pomanjkljivosti obstoječih metod in omogoča celovito ter zanesljivo avtomatsko spremljanje med celotnim procesom gradnje.Automated construction progress monitoring at the construction site is very important for the efficient management of construction projects, as it replaces the current practice where monitoring is carried out manually and represents extensive works of experts, which are time-consuming, expensive and often ineffective. In order to achieve effective management of construction projects, it is very important to provide timely and accurate data of the construction progress on the construction site. In the construction industry (AECO), today an increased process of integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in all stages of construction projects is recognized. A number of surveys and publications in this field indicate an exponential increase of the interest of using the BIM approach with an emphasis on geometric designs, i.e., 3D BIM modelling of construction objects, where, in addition to geometric information, construction activities with time information, i.e., 4D BIM and costs information i.e. 5D BIM modelling is added. In our research, we focused on the comparison between 4D as-built (AB) vs 4D as-designed (AD) model, sometimes called Scan-vs-BIM. The automatic determination of the actual situation on the site and comparison with the planned implementation is one of the key challenges for automated construction progress monitoring. Numerous research has thus focused on the automation of construction progress monitoring and various methods and approaches have been developed. By modelling AB BIM i.e., the actual situation on the construction site with point clouds is mainly used in photogrammetry, videogrammetry, and laser scanning techniques. Existing methods and techniques for automated construction progress monitoring are experimental, performed as individual cases, and none of them has been implemented in construction practice. The causes are different and are the result of the shortcomings of individual existing methods for the use on construction site. The development of the method, within the framework of the doctoral dissertation, anticipates continuous and multilocational automatic data acquisition outdoor and indoor the building with the aid of scanners integrated in workers\u27 helmets that create point clouds on the basis of depth images and which together represent the entire point cloud of the actual built object (4D AB PC) throughout the entire construction process. The 4D AB PC and the 3D BIM model (AD BIM) enables the identification of individual built elements and generation of the 4D AB BIM model. Comparing 4D AB BIM with the planned 4D AD BIM model gives, as a result, those elements that deviate from the planned realization at the selected time. The essential novelty of the developed method of automated continuous construction progress monitoring (ACCPM), in comparison to the existing methods, is in the process of data acquisition, thus removing the shortcomings of the existing methods and allowing complete and reliable monitoring of the construction throughout the entire construction process

Energy and Cost Analysis of Building Envelope Components Using BIM: A Systematic Approach

The selection of cost-effective components of the building envelope plays a significant role in a sustainable building design solution. Therefore, in terms of effective decision-making, it is important to have a complete insight into construction and running costs throughout the lifespan of the building. A systematic building information modelling (BIM) approach as a new trend in the innovative approaches in the construction (AECO) industry provides appropriate support for improvement of environmental assessments. Our study presents a new approach to automated/semi-automated comprehensive energy and the whole life-cycle cost analysis of building envelope components using BIM, and, as such, it represents a novelty for Advanced Construction Project Management. It focuses on the sequence of steps required for evaluation of energy and economic assessment, from the basic 3D BIM model, through the energy and cost analysis, to the final evaluation and decision-making. The energy balance was calculated with dynamic simulation, the results of which formed the basis for the cost analysis. Economic assessment of construction and operating costs was performed by implementation of the cost-optimal methodology. Our proposed approach contributes to the environmental assessment of building envelope components throughout the life cycle and includes the economic valuation. The applicability of the systematic approach in our case study considered 24 different variants of building envelope components at three different U-values, namely U0 = 0.28 W/m2K for external wall, U0 = 0.20 W/m2K for roof, U1 = 0.15 W/m2K and U2 = 0.10 W/m2K. Sophisticated project BIM management software was used for the economic evaluation of all elements of the life-cycle costs (LCC). In summary, the main contribution of this approach is provision of a comprehensive and simple insight into all costs in a transparent way, because a 5D BIM model allows for optimal decision-making on appropriate energy and cost-efficient envelope components