UNDERSTOREY CHANGES COMPOSITION AFTER TEMPERATE KELP FOREST COLLAPSE BUT KEEPS RICHNESS AND DIVERSITY

Kelps are foundation species that provide important ecosystem services in temperate rocky shores worldwide. Similarly to terrestrial forests, healthy kelp forests are structurally complex as they are often arranged as patches composed by a multi-layered understorey of algae aggregations with different canopy adaptations. Over the last decades, several studies have reported a global kelp forest degradation, turning seascapes dominated by complex forest into structurally simpler mats of low-laying seaweeds. In NW Spain, golden kelp (Laminaria ochroleuca) canopy forests have recently receded within the limits of a MPA. This paradoxical loss inside a MPA allowed us to investigate the consequences of kelp forest collapse for other members of the biotic community, using nearby healthy kelp forest outside the MPA as a control. To assess these changes, four degraded sites within the MPA and four healthy kelp forest in nearby areas were sampled year round to assess the seasonal dynamics of understorey algae. Healthy and degraded kelp reefs had significantly different understorey assemblage compositions. However, unlike our expectations, these differences had little to none impact on the richness and diversity of the understorey assemblage. Moreover, understory differences were only perceptible when the assemblages were compared at the lowest taxonomic resolution (species). Unlike other studies, comparisons based on functional groups (canopy, sub-canopy, turf and crust) failed to detect any significant difference between healthy and degraded kelp forest

Cyclative cleavage via solid-phase supported stabilized sulfur ylides: synthesis of macrocyclic lactones

A new synthesis of macrolactones bearing a cyclopropyl ring condensed to the macrocycle is reported via a cyclization-release strategy making use of solid-phase supported stabilized sulfur ylides

Cyclic vomiting syndrome in children: a nationwide survey of current practice on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) and Italian Society of Pediatric Neurology (SINP)

Background: Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) is a rare functional gastrointestinal disorder, which has a considerable burden on quality of life of both children and their family. Aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic modalities and therapeutic approach to CVS among Italian tertiary care centers and the differences according to subspecialties, as well as to explore whether potential predictive factors associated with either a poor outcome or a response to a specific treatment. Methods: Cross-sectional multicenter web-based survey involving members of the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) and Italian Society of Pediatric Neurology (SINP). Results: A total of 67 responses were received and analyzed. Most of the respondent units cared for less than 20 patients. More than half of the patients were referred after 3 to 5 episodes, and a quarter after 5 attacks. We report different diagnostic approaches among Italian clinicians, which was particularly evident when comparing gastroenterologists and neurologists. Moreover, our survey demonstrated a predilection of certain drugs during emetic phase according to specific clinic, which reflects the cultural background of physicians. Conclusion: In conclusion, our survey highlights poor consensus amongst clinicians in our country in the diagnosis and the management of children with CVS, raising the need for a national consensus guideline in order to standardize the practice

The Impact of Error-Management Climate, Error Type and Error Originator on Auditors’ Reporting Errors Discovered on Audit Work Papers

We examine factors affecting the auditor’s willingness to report their own or their peers’ self-discovered errors in working papers subsequent to detailed working paper review. Prior research has shown that errors in working papers are detected in the review process; however, such detection rates only rarely exceed 50% of the seeded errors. Hence, measures that encourage auditors to be alert to their own (or their peers’) potential errors any time they revisit the audit working papers may be valuable in detecting such residual errors and potentially correcting them before damage occurs to the audit firm or its client. We hypothesize that three factors affect the auditor’s willingness to report post detailed review discovered errors: the local office error-management climate (open versus blame), the type of error (mechanical versus conceptual) and who committed the error (the individual who committed the error (self) or a peer). Local office error-management climate is said to be open and supportive where errors and mistakes are accepted as part of everyday life as long as they are learned from and not repeated. In alternative, a blame error-management climate focuses on a “get it right the first time” culture where mistakes are not tolerated and blame gets attached to those admitting to or found committing such errors. We find that error-management climate has a significant overall effect on auditor willingness to report errors, as does who committed the error originally. We find both predicted and unpredicted significant interactions among the three factors that qualify these observed significant main effects. We discuss implications for audit practice and further research

Analysis of shared common genetic risk between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and epilepsy

Because hyper-excitability has been shown to be a shared pathophysiological mechanism, we used the latest and largest genome-wide studies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (n = 36,052) and epilepsy (n = 38,349) to determine genetic overlap between these conditions. First, we showed no significant genetic correlation, also when binned on minor allele frequency. Second, we confirmed the absence of polygenic overlap using genomic risk score analysis. Finally, we did not identify pleiotropic variants in meta-analyses of the 2 diseases. Our findings indicate that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and epilepsy do not share common genetic risk, showing that hyper-excitability in both disorders has distinct origins

Chart success and innovation in the music industry:does organizational form matters?

The paper explores the relationship between organizational forms and innovation in the music industry. It is acknowledged that new titles introduction is a key success factor and a proxy for measuring innovation is provided. Results indicate that partnership is a winning form only when it is explicitly aimed at exploration, i.e. when it refers to previously unpublished artists

Herpes gestationis in madre e neonato

poster Convegno Regionale di Pediatria e Neonatologi