Prevention in the Civil Code

Prevention in the Civil Code The topic of my thesis is prevention in the Civil Code. This thesis examines the definition of the concept of prevention within the Civil Code as a key aspect in the provision of general rules of mutual coexistence in our main legal code. Prevention is not only understood here as an effort to prevent illegal actions, but is extended to a broader concept of preventing damage or injury to the health and life of individuals in society, when its essence goes beyond the concept of law. The work reflects the development of the concept of prevention and its anchoring in the Civil Code, with an emphasis on various historical concepts and the development of legal regulations. The first chapter of the thesis analyzes various concepts of prevention mainly in a general sense, focusing on its importance in various fields, including medicine, social sciences and criminology. The content of other types of prevention such as primary and secondary or general and specific is also defined here. The second chapter is devoted to a brief summary of the development of the Civil Code as a legal code, with an emphasis on its development in Roman society, the Middle Ages and modern times. This part of the work also traces the transformation of the prevention institute itself in these individual...Prevence v občanském zákoníku Téma mé diplomové práce je prevence v občanském zákoníku. Tato práce zkoumá vymezení pojmu prevence v rámci občanského zákoníku jako klíčového aspektu v ustanovení obecných pravidel vzájemného soužití v našem hlavním právním kodexu. Prevence zde není chápána pouze jako snaha zabránit protiprávnímu jednání, nýbrž je rozšířena na širší pojetí zabránění vzniku škody či újmy na zdraví a životě jednotlivců ve společnosti, kdy její podstata přesahuje pojetí práva. Práce reflektuje vývoj pojmu prevence a jeho zakotvení v občanském zákoníku, s důrazem na různá historická pojetí a vývoj právních předpisů. První kapitola práce analyzuje různá pojetí prevence především v obecném smyslu, přičemž se zaměřuje na jeho význam v různých oblastech, včetně medicíny, sociálních věd a kriminologie. Je zde také vymezen obsah dalších druhů prevence jako primární a sekundární či generální a specifická. Druhá kapitola se již věnuje stručnému shrnutí vývoje občanského zákoníku jako právního kodexu, s důrazem na jeho vývoj v římské společnosti, středověku a moderních dobách. Tato část práce sleduje také proměnu samotného institutu prevence v těchto jednotlivých částech historie. Stěžejní část práce (kapitoly tři až pět) se zaměřuje na aktuální pojetí prevence v NOZ, který pojem prevence již...Department of Civil LawKatedra občanského právaFaculty of LawPrávnická fakult

Magnetic structures in the rich magnetic phase diagram of Ho2_2RhIn8_8

The magnetic phase diagram of the tetragonal Ho$_2$RhIn$_8$ compound has similar features to many related systems, revealing a zero magnetic field AF1 and a field-induced AF2 phases. Details of the magnetic order in the AF2 phase were not reported yet for any of the related compounds. In addition, only the Ho$_2$RhIn$_8$ phase diagram contains a small region of the incommensurate zero-field AF3 phase. We have performed a number of neutron diffraction experiments on single crystals of Ho$_2$RhIn$_8$ using several diffractometers including experiments in both horizontal and vertical magnetic fields up to 4 T. We present details of the magnetic structures in all magnetic phases of the rich phase diagram of Ho$_2$RhIn$_8$. The Ho magnetic moments point along the tetragonal $c$ axis in every phase. The ground-state AF1 phase is characterized by propagation vector $\textbf{k}$ = (1/2, 0, 0). The more complex ferrimagnetic AF2 phase is described by four propagation vectors $\textbf{k}_{0}$ = (0, 0, 0), $\textbf{k}_{1}$ = (1/2, 0, 0), $\textbf{k}_{2}$ = (0, 1/2, 1/2), $\textbf{k}_{3}$ = (1/2, 1/2, 1/2). The magnetic structure in the AF3 phase is incommensurate with $\textbf{k}_{AF3}$ = (0.5, $\delta$, 0). Our results are consistent with theoretical calculations based on crystal field theory.Comment: submitted to PR

GSM Security Issues

Import 05/08/2014Globální systém pro mobilní komunikaci (GSM) je v současnosti celosvětově nejrozšířenějším telekomunikačním systémem s více než 7 miliardami uživatelů. Tato diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou zabezpečení komunikace na rádiovém rozhraní systému GSM. Práce nejprve analyzuje bezpečnostní rizika v systému GSM, a popisuje již realizované a publikované útoky vůči tomuto systému. Na základě těchto poznatků je následně prakticky provedena realizace útoků vůči autentizačním a šifrovacím mechanismům sítě GSM, za využití volně dostupného software a hardware v podobě softwarově programovatelného rádia USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) a DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial) přijímače.Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) is actually the most wordldwide used telecommunication system serving over 7 billion users. This master thesis points out security weaknesses in the radio interface of GSM. These weaknesses are analyzed and afterwards already realized attacks against GSM are described. Using open-source software and available hardware – USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral), DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial) receiver are realized several attacks against authentication and ciphering mechanisms in GSM.440 - Katedra telekomunikační technikyvýborn

Temporal Trends of Persistent Organic Pollutants across Africa after a Decade of MONET Passive Air Sampling

The Global Monitoring Plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) was established to generate long-term data necessary for evaluating the effectiveness of regulatory measures at a global scale. After a decade of passive air monitoring (2008-2019), MONET is the first network to produce sufficient data for the analysis of long-term temporal trends of POPs in the African atmosphere. This study reports concentrations of 20 POPs (aldrin, chlordane, chlordecone, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan, HBCDD, HCB, HCHs, heptachlor, hexabromobiphenyl, mirex, PBDEs, PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs, PeCB, PFOA, and PFOS) monitored in 9 countries (Congo, Ghana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, and Sudan). As of January 1, 2019, concentrations were in the following ranges (pg/m(3)): 0.5-37.7 (Sigma 6PCB), 0.006-0.724 (Sigma 17PCDD/F), 0.05-5.5 (Sigma 9PBDE), 0.6-11.3 (BDE 209), 0.1-1.8 (Sigma 3HBCDD), 1.8-138 (Sigma 6DDT), 0.1-24.3 (Sigma(3)endosulfan), 0.6-14.6 (Sigma 4HCH), 9.1-26.4 (HCB), 13.8-18.2 (PeCB). Temporal trends indicate that concentrations of many POPs (PCBs, DDT, HCHs, endosulfan) have declined significantly over the past 10 years, though the rate was slow at some sites. Concentrations of other POPs such as PCDD/Fs and PBDEs have not changed significantly over the past decade and are in fact increasing at some sites, attributed to the prevalence of open burning of waste (particularly e-waste) across Africa. Modeled airflow back-trajectories suggest that the elevated concentrations at some sites are primarily due to sustained local emissions, while the low concentrations measured at Mt. Kenya represent the continental background level and are primarily influenced by long-range transport

Current use pesticides in soil and air from two agricultural sites in South Africa: Implications for environmental fate and human exposure

Concerns about the possible negative impacts of current use pesticides (CUPs) for both the environment and human health have increased worldwide. However, the knowledge on the occurrence of CUPs in soil and air and the related human exposure in Africa is limited. This study investigated the presence of 30 CUPs in soil and air at two distinct agricultural sites in South Africa and estimated the human exposure and related risks to rural residents via soil ingestion and inhalation (using hazard quotients, hazard index and relative potency factors). We collected 12 soil and 14 air samples over seven days during the main pesticide application season in 2018. All samples were extracted, purified and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. In soils, nine CUPs were found, with chlorpyrifos, carbaryl and tebuconazole having the highest concentrations (up to 63.6, 1.10 and 0.212 ng g-1, respectively). In air, 16 CUPs were found, with carbaryl, tebuconazole and terbuthylazine having the highest levels (up to 25.0, 22.2 and 1.94 pg m-3, respectively). Spatial differences were observed between the two sites for seven CUPs in air and two in soils. A large dominance towards the particulate phase was found for almost all CUPs, which could be related to mass transport kinetics limitations (non-equilibrium) following pesticide application. The estimated daily intake via soil ingestion and inhalation of individual pesticides ranged from 0.126 fg kg-1 day-1 (isoproturon) to 14.7 ng kg-1 day-1 (chlorpyrifos). Except for chlorpyrifos, soil ingestion generally represented a minor exposure pathway compared to inhalation (i.e. <5%). The pesticide environmental exposure largely differed between the residents of the two distinct agricultural sites in terms of levels and composition. The estimated human health risks due to soil inges-tion and inhalation of pesticides were negligible although future studies should explore other relevant pathways

Polypyrrole nanotubes and their carbonized analogs: Synthesis, characterization, gas sensing properties

Polypyrrole (PPy) in globular form and as nanotubes were prepared by the oxidation of pyrrole with iron(III) chloride in the absence and presence of methyl orange, respectively. They were subsequently converted to nitrogen-containing carbons at 650 °C in an inert atmosphere. The course of carbonization was followed by thermogravimetric analysis and the accompanying changes in molecular structure by Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman spectroscopies. Both the original and carbonized materials have been tested in sensing of polar and non-polar organic vapors. The resistivity of sensing element using globular PPy was too high and only nanotubular PPy could be used. The sensitivity of the PPy nanotubes to ethanol vapors was nearly on the same level as that of their carbonized analogs (i.e., ~18% and 24%, respectively). Surprisingly, there was a high sensitivity of PPy nanotubes to the n-heptane vapors (~110%), while that of their carbonized analog remained at ~20%. The recovery process was significantly faster for carbonized PPy nanotubes (in order of seconds) compared with 10 s of seconds for original nanotubes, respectively, due to higher specific surface area after carbonization. © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Creating Software Tool for Transfer and Processing of Mesurement Data from Analyzer for Next Usage

Import 04/07/2011Tato práce je zaměřena na návrh a tvorbu aplikace sloužící ke zpracování a transformaci datových vstupů do podoby vhodné pro další zpracování. Vstupním souborem jsou data v textové podobě a výstupem pak strukturovaná data v tabulkách. Uživatel má možnost, pomocí nastavení filtrů a omezení, ukládat výstup dle různých parametrů . Vstupními daty jsou jednotlivé pakety zachycené při Bluetooth komunikaci, proto je v teoretické části této práce popsána problematika Bluetooth komunikace. Aplikace je vytvořena v objektově-orientovaném jazyce JAVA.This thesis is focused on creating software tool for transfering and processing data input for next usage. Input text-oriented file is transformed into structured table. User may change output data form by changing filters and restrictions parameters. Input data consists of single packets of Bluetooth communication. So there is described Bluetooth technology in theoretical part of this thesis. Application is written in object-oriented programming language JAVA.460 - Katedra informatikydobř

Tool for Desktop Sharing and Remote Teaching

Import 04/07/2011Tato bakalářská práce se věnuje nástrojům pro online školení kombinující obrazovou informaci, mluvené slovo a textovou komunikaci mezi vzdálenými klienty. Dále se zabývá možnostmi využití těchto nástrojů a problematikou jejich implementace. V práci byla také zhodnocena již existující řešení, která se v současné době nacházejí na trhu. Součástí práce je vytvoření ukázkových aplikací, které zprostředkovávají e lerningové online kurzy, napříč několika platformami. Je zde zahrnut desktopový klient, Silverlight klient pro webový prohlížeč a klient pro mobilní zařízení. Dále je přiložen webový informační systém, který slouží pro registraci uživatelů a kurzů.This work is deals with online training tools, combining image information, spoken word and text communication between remote clients. It also deals with possibilities using these instruments and their implementations problems. This work reviewed the existing solutions, which are currently on the market. Part of this project is to create sample applications which mediate eLearning online curses, across several platforms. It also includes a desktop client, the Silverlight client and Web browser client for mobile devices. Work includes web information system for registration users and courses.460 - Katedra informatikyvýborn