Kita-Entwicklung. Organisationsentwicklung als Chance für die frühe Bildung

Wie kann Organisationsentwicklung zu verbesserter Kita-Qualität führen? Der Band stellt zwei von vier im Projekt „Forum KITA-Entwicklung“ entstandene Expertisen vor, die sich mit dieser Frage beschäftigen. Insgesamt legen die Ergebnisse nahe, dass Organisationsentwicklung gewinnbringend für den Bereich Kita sein kann. Dazu sollten die Einrichtungen als in einem System verortet betrachtet werden. (DIPF/Orig.

Targeted deep sequencing of mucinous ovarian tumors reveals multiple overlapping RAS-pathway activating mutations in borderline and cancerous neoplasms

Background: Mucinous ovarian tumors represent a distinct histotype of epithelial ovarian cancer. The rarest (2-4 % of ovarian carcinomas) of the five major histotypes, their genomic landscape remains poorly described. We undertook hotspot sequencing of 50 genes commonly mutated in human cancer across 69 mucinous ovarian tumors. Our goals were to establish the overall frequency of cancer-hotspot mutations across a large cohort, especially those tumors previously thought to be “RAS-pathway alteration negative”, using highly-sensitive next-generation sequencing as well as further explore a small number of cases with apparent heterogeneity in RAS-pathway activating alterations. Methods: Using the Ion Torrent PGM platform, we performed next generation sequencing analysis using the v2 Cancer Hotspot Panel. Regions of disparate ERBB2-amplification status were sequenced independently for two mucinous carcinoma (MC) cases, previously established as showing ERBB2 amplification/overexpression heterogeneity, to assess the hypothesis of subclonal populations containing either KRAS mutation or ERBB2 amplification independently or simultaneously. Results: We detected mutations in KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, PIK3CA, PTEN, BRAF, FGFR2, STK11, CTNNB1, SRC, SMAD4, GNA11 and ERBB2. KRAS mutations remain the most frequently observed alteration among MC (64.9 %) and mucinous borderline tumors (MBOT) (92.3 %). TP53 mutation occurred more frequently in carcinomas than borderline tumors (56.8 % and 11.5 %, respectively), and combined IHC and mutation data suggest alterations occur in approximately 68 % of MC and as many as 20 % of MBOT. Proven and potential RAS-pathway activating changes were observed in all but one MC. Concurrent ERBB2 amplification and KRAS mutation were observed in a substantial number of cases (7/63 total), as was co-occurrence of KRAS and BRAF mutations (one case). Microdissection of ERBB2-amplified regions of tumors harboring KRAS mutation suggests these alterations are occurring in the same cell populations, while consistency of KRAS allelic frequency in both ERBB2 amplified and non-amplified regions suggests this mutation occurred in advance of the amplification event. Conclusions: Overall, the prevalence of RAS-alteration and striking co-occurrence of pathway “double-hits” supports a critical role for tumor progression in this ovarian malignancy. Given the spectrum of RAS-activating mutations, it is clear that targeting this pathway may be a viable therapeutic option for patients with recurrent or advanced stage mucinous ovarian carcinoma, however caution should be exercised in selecting one or more personalized therapeutics given the frequency of non-redundant RAS-activating alterations

Zum Wandel der Qualifizierungslandschaft für Tätigkeiten im Feld der Pädagogik der Kindheit und Sozialen Arbeit

Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEA

Armut in kindheitspädagogischen Einrichtungen. Impulse zur Entwicklung einer armutsbewussten Haltung und Praxis

Anhand von empirischem Material aus zwei Forschungsprojekten gibt die Broschüre Einblick in zentrale Herausforderungen, die sich der pädagogischen Praxis beim Umgang mit (Kinder-)Armut stellen. Die Broschüre vermittelt relevantes Wissen über Armut als gesamtgesellschaftliches Problem. Zudem setzt sie Impulse für die Entwicklung einer kritisch-reflexiven Perspektive auf die Arbeit mit armutserfahrenen Kindern, Eltern und Familien. Anhand der Schlüsselthemen „Klassismus“, „Sozialraum“ und „Teilhabe in Kindertageseinrichtungen“ wird eine reflexive Haltung wissensbasiert angeregt. Didaktisch aufbereitete Fallbeispiele bieten im Sinne des fallorientierten Lernens Möglichkeiten der Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema Armut. Sie laden zur Reflexion der eigenen pädagogischen Praxis ein. Die Broschüre richtet sich an Lehrende und Lernende in kindheits- und sozialpädagogischen sowie sozialarbeiterischen und erziehungswissenschaftlichen Qualifizierungen der beruflichen und hochschulischen Bildungsgänge und kann in diesem Kontext als Lehr- und Lernmaterial eingesetzt werden

Lehr- und Forschungsbedingungen : Wann kommt die Antwort der Fachgesellschaften auf #IchbinHanna?

Mit dem Beitrag wird vor dem Hintergrund der Darstellung von Aktivitäten, die ähnlichen Anliegen folgen wie #IchBinHanna, deutlich darauf hingewiesen, dass sich „bildungsbezogene Fachgesellschaften“ im Diskurs – wenn überhaupt – sehr zurückhaltend oder verspätet positionieren/ positioniert haben. (DIPF/Orig.

Nachwuchspreis der DeGEval 2021: Laudatio

Der Beitrag ist die Laudatio für Steffen Zabler, der den DeGEval-Nachwuchspreis 2021 für seine Dissertation mit dem Titel „Die Evaluation von Instrumenten zur Bekämpfung kommunaler Schulden aus einer kontrafaktischen Perspektive. Sparkommissare, Stärkungspakt und freiwillige Schuldenbremsen auf dem Prüfstand des synthetischen Matching“ erhielt

A Veteran-Centric Web-Based Decision Aid for Lung Cancer Screening: Usability Analysis

BackgroundWeb-based tools developed to facilitate a shared decision-making (SDM) process may facilitate the implementation of lung cancer screening (LCS), an evidence-based intervention to improve cancer outcomes. Veterans have specific risk factors and shared experiences that affect the benefits and potential harms of LCS and thus may value a veteran-centric LCS decision tool (LCSDecTool). ObjectiveThis study aims to conduct usability testing of an LCSDecTool designed for veterans receiving care at a Veteran Affairs medical center. MethodsUsability testing of the LCSDecTool was conducted in a prototype version (phase 1) and a high-fidelity version (phase 2). A total of 18 veterans and 8 clinicians participated in phase 1, and 43 veterans participated in phase 2. Quantitative outcomes from the users included the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) in phase 1 and the SUS, EUCS, and Patient Engagement scale in phase 2. Qualitative data were obtained from observations of user sessions and brief interviews. The results of phase 1 informed the modifications of the prototype for the high-fidelity version. Phase 2 usability testing took place in the context of a pilot hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation trial. ResultsIn the phase 1 prototype usability testing, the mean SUS score (potential range: 0-100) was 81.90 (SD 9.80), corresponding to an excellent level of usability. The mean EUCS score (potential range: 1-5) was 4.30 (SD 0.71). In the phase 2 high-fidelity usability testing, the mean SUS score was 65.76 (SD 15.23), corresponding to a good level of usability. The mean EUCS score was 3.91 (SD 0.95); and the mean Patient Engagement scale score (potential range 1 [low] to 5 [high]) was 4.62 (SD 0.67). The median time to completion in minutes was 13 (IQR 10-16). A thematic analysis of user statements documented during phase 2 high-fidelity usability testing identified the following themes: a low baseline level of awareness and knowledge about LCS increased after use of the LCSDecTool; users sought more detailed descriptions about the LCS process; the LCSDecTool was generally easy to use, but specific navigation challenges remained; some users noted difficulty understanding medical terms used in the LCSDecTool; and use of the tool evoked veterans’ struggles with prior attempts at smoking cessation. ConclusionsOur findings support the development and use of this eHealth technology in the primary care clinical setting as a way to engage veterans, inform them about a new cancer control screening test, and prepare them to participate in an SDM discussion with their provider

Up-Regulation of Lipoxygenase, Phospholipase, and Oxylipin-Production in the Induced Chemical Defense of the Red Alga Gracilaria chilensis against Epiphytes

The red alga Gracilaria chilensis is commercially farmed for the production of agar hydrocolloids, but some susceptible algae in farms suffer from intense epiphyte growth. We investigated the induced chemical defense response of G. chilensis against epiphytes and demonstrated that an extract of an epiphyte-challenged alga can trigger a defense response. The hormonally active metabolites were purified by RP-HPLC. Treatment with the extract or the purified fraction changed the chemical profile of the alga and increased resistance against epiphyte spores. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and enzyme assays demonstrated that this metabolic response occurs after an increase in lipoxygenase and phospholipase A2 activity. Although this suggests the involvement of regulatory oxylipins, neither jasmonic acid nor the algal metabolite prostaglandin E2 triggers comparable defense responses