Ethics and Design in the Brazilian Context

Often driven by practical and immediate requirements, more and more people are incorporating technology into a variety of aspects of their lives, often without reflecting on the consequences of using them. On the other hand, studies on interactive system development that lead to behavioral change have been gaining ground on the agenda of large HCI conferences. This movement brings to the forefront the fundamental issues of ethics in design and technology use. A designer’s intentions, when directing certain actions or behaviors, are not always explicit or desired by the stakeholders affected by the use of the technology. Systems that induce an undesired purchase, or even those that use conditioning strategies to cause a behavioral change are examples of such intentions. The challenge proposed is therefore about the relationship between design and personal freedom in a way that these technology users do not become victims, either passively or submissively, of the effects of its use. This advance allows for the redefinition of the relationship between man and technology, and the application of new forms of designing and developing interactive systems that take into account the ethical aspects of this relationship

Assessing the Semiotic Inspection Method – The Evaluators’ Perspective

This paper presents an assessment of the Semiotic Inspection Methodaimed at understanding its costs, benefits, advantages and disadvantages from the evaluators’perspective. We applied a questionnaire to novice evaluators and interviewedthe authors of the method (representing the experts’ evaluators). An analysis of theresponses shows interesting insights and characteristics of the method

Breaking the News: First Impressions Matter on Online News

A growing number of people are changing the way they consume news, replacing the traditional physical newspapers and magazines by their virtual online versions or/and weblogs. The interactivity and immediacy present in online news are changing the way news are being produced and exposed by media corporations. News websites have to create effective strategies to catch people's attention and attract their clicks. In this paper we investigate possible strategies used by online news corporations in the design of their news headlines. We analyze the content of 69,907 headlines produced by four major global media corporations during a minimum of eight consecutive months in 2014. In order to discover strategies that could be used to attract clicks, we extracted features from the text of the news headlines related to the sentiment polarity of the headline. We discovered that the sentiment of the headline is strongly related to the popularity of the news and also with the dynamics of the posted comments on that particular news.Comment: The paper appears in ICWSM 201

Projeto Raízes - E7G : um desafio para a inclusão social

Relatório de Estágio de Mestrado, Educação e Formação (Área de Especialidade em Desenvolvimento Social e Cultural), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2021O presente relatório de estágio Projeto Raízes E7G: Um desafio para a inclusão social foi elaborado para a obtenção de grau de mestre em Educação e Formação, na área de Especialização de Desenvolvimento Social e Cultural. O estágio decorreu no período de setembro de 2019 a maio de 2020 e inseriu-se no Programa Escolhas de uma Junta de Freguesia na zona da Grande Lisboa. Em colaboração com a equipa do programa desenvolveram-se dinâmicas e atividades diversas concebidas para melhorar o quotidiano dos participantes, criando espaços e momentos onde a inclusão social acontecia. É de referir que o bairro onde se concretizou o estágio é um espaço socioeconomicamente vulnerável. A modalidade de estágio estava prevista como presencial. Porém, a situação epidemiológica vivida a partir de Março de 2020 obrigou à realização de adaptações ou de cancelamentos de algumas das atividades planeadas, passando várias para a condição à distância. Assim, os técnicos e os participantes do projeto tiveram que adaptar-se a uma “nova realidade”. O estágio iniciou-se com a observação de atividades, onde diferentes participantes - jovens e técnicos - interagiam para concretizar toda a dinâmica que envolvia o Programa Escolhas, especificamente, o Projeto Raízes – E7G. O objetivo desta etapa foi iniciar um diagnóstico sobre os comportamentos e a adesão dos participantes às dinâmicas já implementadas no projeto para, mais tarde, propor atividades ligadas à inclusão social e outras temáticas consideradas pertinentes face ao público-alvo. A etapa seguinte compreendia entrevistas aos técnicos, questionários e entrevistas em focus group para as crianças e jovens envolvidos. No entanto, a situação de pandemia instalada no nosso país em março obrigou a fechar, escolas, creches e projetos comunitários. Consequentemente, houve a necessidade de reformular atividades, adaptando-as a uma nova realidade em que os participantes do Projeto deixaram de estar fisicamente no espaço existente para o seu desenvolvimento. A fase de escuta dos diferentes intervenientes do Projeto foi a mais comprometida face à situação vivida, mas várias atividades desenvolvidas foram efetuá las. Essencialmente, os últimos meses de estágio aconteceram com o suporte de videochamadas com os técnicos e dinamizadora comunitária, e com um número reduzido de crianças e jovens. Esta experiência permitiu crescer como pessoa e profissional, transformando as adversidades em fontes de aprendizagem. Em particular, a situação da COVID-19 veio revelar outros métodos de continuar a cumprir as atividades existentes, mas à distância.This internship report Projeto Raízes- E7G: A challenge for social inclusion was designed to obtain a master's degree in Education and Training, in the Specialization area of Social and Cultural Development. The internship took place from September 2019 to May 2020 and was part of the Choices of a Parish Council program in the Greater Lisbon area. In collaboration with the program team, different dynamics and activities were developed designed to improve the participants' daily lives, creating spaces and moments where social inclusion took place. It should be noted that the neighborhood where the internship took place is a socioeconomically vulnerable space. The internship modality was foreseen as face-to-face. However, the epidemiological situation experienced since March 2020 forced adaptations or cancellations of some of the planned activities to be carried out, with several becoming remote. Thus, technicians and project participants had to adapt to a “new reality”. The internship started with the observation of activities, where different participants - young people and technicians - interacted to materialize all the dynamics that involved the Choices Program, specifically, the Projeto Raízes – E7G.. The objective of this step was to start a diagnosis about the behaviors and the participants' adherence to the dynamics already implemented in the project to later propose activities related to social inclusion and other topics considered relevant to the target audience. The next stage included interviews with technicians, questionnaires and interviews in focus groups for the children and young people involved. However, the pandemic situation installed in our country in March forced schools, daycare centers and community projects to close. Consequently, there was a need to reformulate activities, adapting them to a new reality in which Project participants were no longer physically in the existing space for their development. The listening phase of the different Project participants was the most compromised in view of the situation experienced, but several activities were carried out. Essentially, the last months of the internship took place with the support of video calls with technicians and community facilitator, and with a small number of children and young people. This experience allowed him to grow as a person and as a professional, transforming adversities into sources of learning. In particular, the situation at COVID 19 has revealed other methods of continuing to carry out existing activities, but at a distance

Perfil glicêmico em pacientes com fibrose cística e intervenção nutricional na fase de pré-diabetes

A fibrose cística (FC) é uma doença genética autossômica recessiva. A patologia pulmonar é a característica central da FC, levando a várias consequências como a desnutrição e baixa massa óssea. O diabetes relacionado à fibrose cística (DRFC) é a comorbidade mais prevalente nestes pacientes e com alto índice de mortalidade. Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto das alterações glicêmicas no estado nutricional e declínio da função pulmonar de pacientes com FC que acompanham no Serviço de Pneumologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Como segundo objetivo, avaliar a resposta glicêmica após aconselhamento nutricional atráves de uma dieta de baixo índice glicêmico em pacientes com pré-diabetes e FC. Métodos: esta defesa se divide em três capítulos: referencial téorico sobre o tema, um artigo de corte retrospectivo com todos os pacientes com FC em seguimento no HCPA, um segundo artigo realizado como um ensaio clínico randomizado (ECR). Resultados: No estudo retrospectivo, avaliamos um total de 175 pacientes, 59% apresentavam estado glicêmico alterado (classificados por qualquer alteração glicêmica). Estas alterações foram associadas com a piora da função pulmonar quando divididas pelos tercis da capacidade vital forçada (CVF) menor tercil <62%, status glicêmico alterado [n = 41 (71.9%); p = 0.03)], hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) [n = 35 (68.6%); p = 0.01] DM [n = 13 (22.8%); p = 0.01]. Para a volume expiratório em 1 segundo (VEF1) menor tercil <56%, status glicêmico alterado [n = 37 (66.1%); p = 0.001] HbA1c [n = 31 (64.6%, p = 0.001)]. No ECR foram avaliados 22 pacientes, encontramos uma associação do maior consumo de fibras e melhor controle glicêmico no grupo que recebeu a intervenção (n=10) e isso foi associado com melhor função pulmonar nestes pacientes. VEF1% diferença (IC95%) pré e pós-intervenção -0,90(-4,05 a 2,25) p=0,57 e -5,18(-9,94 a -0,42) p=0,03 e CVF% (IC95%) -3,26(-7,80 a 1,28) p=0,15 e -6,2(10,2 a -2,21) p=0,002. Conclusão: As alterações glicêmicas estão associadas à piora da função pulmonar, bem como ao baixo peso. Uma dieta de baixo índice glicêmico com maior consumo de fibras pode ter efeito no controle da glicemia e estar associada com melhores desfechos pulmonares.Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease. Pulmonary pathology is the central feature of CF, leading to several consequences such as malnutrition and low bone mass. Diabetes related to cystic fibrosis (CFRD) is the most prevalent comorbidity in these patients and has a high mortality rate. Objectives: To assess the impact of glycemic changes on nutritional status and decline in lung function in CF patients who are followed up at the Pulmonology Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). As a second objective, to evaluate the glycemic response after nutritional counseling through a low glycemic index diet in patients with pre-diabetes and CF. Methods: this defense is divided into three chapters: theoretical framework on the topic, a retrospective article with all CF patients being followed up at HCPA, a second article carried out as a randomized clinical trial (RCT). Results: In the retrospective study, we evaluated a total of 175 patients, 59% had an altered glycemic status (classified by any glycemic alteration). These changes were associated with worsening lung function when divided by the tertiles of the forced vital capacity (FVC) lower tertile <62% altered glycemic status [n = 41 (71.9%); p = 0.03)], glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) [n = 35 (68.6%); p = 0.01] DM [n = 13 (22.8%); p = 0.01]. For 1-second expiratory volume (FEV1) lower tertile <56%, altered glycemic status [n = 37 (66.1%); p = 0.001] HbA1c [n = 31 (64.6%, p = 0.001)]. In the RCT 22 patients were evaluated, we found an association of higher fiber consumption and better glycemic control in the group that received the intervention (n = 10) and this was associated with better lung function in these patients. FEV1% difference (95% CI) before and after intervention -0.90 (-4.05 to 2.25) p = 0.57 and -5.18 (-9.94 to -0.42) p = 0, 03 and FVC% (95% CI) -3.26 (-7.80 to 1.28) p = 0.15 and -6.2 (10.2 to -2.21) p = 0.002. Conclusion: Glycemic changes are associated with worsening lung function, as well as with low weight. A low glycemic index diet with higher fiber consumption can have an effect on glycemic control and be associated with better pulmonary outcomes

Generation Z and Key-Factors on E-Commerce: A Study on the Portuguese Tourism Sector

In recent years, tourism has experienced remarkable growth worldwide. This sector is rapidly becoming the main export activity and the most important source of GDP growth in several countries. In Portugal, it represented around 19.7% of exports in 2019. The internet and online platforms contributed decisively to this growth. Generation Z already represents a considerable portion of society and, in the coming years, will become the central consumer segment. With this research, we intend to identify the key factors in the decision to purchase online, in Generation Z individuals, in the Portuguese tourism sector. We carried out a characterization of the sector, a bibliographic review and the identification of key variables. We applied a structured questionnaire to a sample of 233 individuals aged between 10 and 25 years. Subsequently, the data were processed using descriptive methodologies and association tests between variables. The key factors in the decision to purchase tourism products/services in Generation Z are Trust, Price, the use of aggregating websites, WOM/EWOM, the Offer of products/services online and the Online experience. In the opposite direction, it was given less importance to Convenience, Reviews on tourism websites, Tourism Advertising, Social networking and the possibility of Canceling the reservation. This study allows us to establish the bases for future research, to help researchers to understand Generation Z consumption habits.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Avaliação do conhecimento nutricional e de hábitos alimentares de pacientes com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em hospital particular no sul do Brasil

Introdução: A demanda por orientação alimentar tem crescido significativamente, em face do diagnóstico precoce das doenças crônicas e do reconhecimento da influência da alimentação e do sobrepeso sobre elas. A conscientização da população de que educação nutricional e bons hábitos alimentares são fundamentais para manter o controle de doenças crônicas é muito importante. Objetivos: Avaliar o conhecimento nutricional e os hábitos alimentares de uma amostra de adultos com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT), internados em um hospital particular no sul do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo de delineamento transversal em quarenta pacientes com DCNT, internados em uma unidade de cardiologia de um hospital particular. Foram aplicados dois questionários, um deles o Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA) semiquantitativo, para avaliar o conhecimento nutricional dos pacientes, classificando seu conhecimento como alto, moderado e baixo. Para isso, foi utilizado o Questionário de Conhecimento Nutricional (QCN). Dos prontuários foram coletados dados como glicemia, níveis de pressão arterial e doenças atuais. Foram realizadas medidas antropométricas de peso e estatura para cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC) e medidas da circunferência da cintura (CC). Resultados: A idade média dos pacientes avaliados era de 75,7±13,3 anos, a maioria era do sexo feminino (60%). Dos pacientes, 48,7% estavam acima do peso, sendo que as mulheres apresentaram maior prevalência de obesidade (17,4%) e CC elevada (82,4% p&lt;0,001). O conhecimento nutricional da amostra foi predominante na categoria moderado (86,2%), sendo os pacientes com idade &lt;70 anos com maior conhecimento (p&lt;0,001). No consumo alimentar prevaleceram os carboidratos refinados, como pão branco (60%) e arroz branco (50%) e alto consumo de frutas (95%) e carne bovina (62,5%). Conclusão: O moderado conhecimento nutricional mostrou-se relevante em relação ao excesso de peso, uma vez que os pacientes incluem na dieta habitual o consumo de frutas e verduras, mas mantêm entre os hábitos alimentares o consumo de alimentos ricos em açúcares e gorduras

Body adiposity markers and insulin resistance in patients with type 1 diabetes

Objectives: Body composition changes are associated with adverse effects such as increased insulin resistance (IR) in individuals with diabetes mellitus. This study aims to evaluate the association between different body adiposity markers and IR in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Subjects and methods: The cross-sectional study included outpatient adults with T1D from a university public hospital in southern Brazil. The body adiposity markers studied were waist circumference (WC), waist-height ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI), conicity index (CI), lipid accumulation product (LAP) and body adiposity index (BAI). IR was calculated using an Estimated Glucose Disposal Rate (EGDR) equation (analyzed in tertiles), considering an inverse relation between EGDR and IR. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CIs of association of adiposity markers with IR. Results: A total of 128 patients were enrolled (51% women), with a median EGDR of 7.2 (4.4-8.7) mg.kg-1.min-1. EGDR was negatively correlated with WC (r = -0.36, p < 0.01), WHtR (r = -0.39, p < 0.01), CI (r = -0.44, p < 0.01), LAP (r = -0.41, p < 0.01) and BMI (r = -0.24, p < 0.01). After regression analyses, WC (OR = 2.07; CIs: 1.12-3.337; p = 0.003), WHtR (OR = 2.77; CIs: 1.59-4.79; p < 0.001), CI (OR = 2.59; CIs: 1.43-4.66; p = 0.002), LAP (OR = 2.27; CIs: 1.25-4.11; p = 0.007) and BMI (OR = 1.78; CIs: 1.09-2.91; p = 0.019) remained associated with IR. Conclusions: The authors suggest using the studied adiposity markers as a routine since they were shown to be suitable parameters in association with IR