Prevalence of morphological and structural changes in the stylohyoid chain

Total or partial calcification of the stylohyoid chain, elongation of the stylohyoid process of the temporal bone and/or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament are usually incidental radiographic findings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of morphological and structural changes within the stylohyoid chain in 4413 digital panoramic radiographs. The images were evaluated for the presence or absence of changes in the stylohyoid chain by a specialist in dentofacial radiology and the information collected comprised gender, age, side, right and left measurements and classification of the chain side elongated or calcified stylohyoid process, as well as type and pattern of right or left calcification. 275 (6.2%) subjects presented alterations, mostly bilateral, in the stylohyoid chain, being 186 females (67.6%) and 89 males (32.4%), with a higher proportion elongation. Partial calcification was more prevalent than total calcification. The right side was most affected and the frequency of events increased with age. The findings of the present study demonstrate that the commonest alterations in the stylohyoid chain are bilateral, mainly elongation, with a clear trend to increased prevalence with increasing age, presenting a low incidence. Noneless, the clinicians must be aware of these alterations in the routinely radiographic examination

The importance of the posterior joint space for functional mandibular movements : a laboratory cross-sectional study

The search for the ideal, healthy and reproducible position of the condyles is of utmost importance for dental diagnosis and treatment. Thus, the objective of this laboratory cross-sectional study was to verify the relationship between the posterior joint space and the mandibular lateral movements. Dental casts from 15 women and 15 men with normal mastication, 28 natural teeth and no history of temporomandibular disorders or pain, were fabricated and mounted on a fully adjustable articulator. From the maximum intercuspal position, condylar displacement was evaluated and measured on the working and nonworking sides during mandibular lateral movement, both to the right and left sides. The correlation between the measures of interest was assessed with the Pearson correlation coefficient (?=.05). Condylar displacement on the working side and nonworking side condyle was 0.88±0.71 mm and 3.57±1.11 mm (right mandibular lateral movement); and 0.91±0.58 mm and 3.51±0.78mm (left mandibular lateral movement), respectively. No significant correlation in the condylar displacement between the working side condyles on the right and on the left sides was observed (r=.22; P=.248). The condylar poles of the articulator moved posteriorly, simulating the functional movements of the mandible during mastication. In all cases, condylar displacement during mandibular lateral movement both to the right and left occurred posteriorly on the working side condyle. The condylar poles of the articulator moved posteriorly simulating the functional movements of the mandible during mastication. Moreover, left and right working condyles may require slightly different spaces to function, suggesting minor anatomical asymmetries

Advantages of porcine xenograft over autograft in sinus lift: a randomised clinical trial

This study aimed to compare the performance of intra-oral autologous bone grafts versus porcine xenografts in a two-step lateral window sinus lift. This split-mouth randomised controlled trial sequentially enrolled 12 patients with a 6-month follow-up. For each patient, a simultaneous randomised bilateral maxillary sinus lift was performed and filled with autologous bone from the mandible (control) or a porcine xenograft (test). A bone biopsy sample was collected during the implant placement for histological and histomorphometric analysis. CT scans were performed at the beginning and at the end of the trial to assess radiological evolution. A comparison of initial and six-month CT scans indicated statistically significant increases in bone level for both materials (7.8 ± 2.4 mm for autologous and 8.7 ± 2.2 mm for xenograft, p < 0.05), and there were no significant differences between the performance of the two materials over time (p = 0.26). The histological analysis showed various stages of the remodelling process and no cells or other signs of inflammation or infection were visible in both groups. The porcine xenografts presented similar results for the studied variables when compared to autologous bone, being a reasonable alternative for a sinus lift.publishe

Analysis of the morphology and composition of tooth apices apicectomized using three different ablation techniques

Objectives: To investigate apicectomies performed using burs, a CO2 laser or an Er:YAG laser and to evaluate the following aspects: morphology of apicectomized surfaces, presence of failures at the dentin/obturation material interface (marginal fit) of the apical portions of the root canals, and the proportions of chemical elements in the apicectomized surfaces. Study design: Twenty-four teeth were divided into three groups of eight and each group underwent apicectomy by one of three different ablation techniques: bur, CO2 laser or Er:YAG laser. The morphology of the apicectomized surfaces was then analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and their chemical composition was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy. Results: Surfaces produced with ablation by bur exhibited less surface irregularities and better marginal fit, while ablation with the CO2 laser caused intense surface carbonization and failures in obturation material fit. Conclusions: Our results suggest that, taking into consideration their clinical application, ablation of tooth apices using burs proved to be the best option among those tested here

Prospective study of a group of pre-university students evaluating anxiety and depression relationships with temporomandibular disorders

Objectives: The aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to evaluate the relationships between anxiety, depression, and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in a sample of pre-university students submitted to a stressful event. Study design: 153 students from a pre-university course (82 females and 71 males between 16 and 31 years old) were given a survey about TMD symptoms and a survey about anxiety and depression scale at the beginning and the end of the preparatory course (August 2009-T1, and November 2009-T2). Results: Results were analyzed using a chi-square test and Odds Ratio (OR), significance level of á = 0.05. Statistical significance were found to depression rates in students with TMD (16% on T1 and 26% on T2, p = 0.001) as well as in general sample (12% on T1 and 22% on T2, p = 0.009), anxiety and TMD symptoms presented constant rates in both periods. Increased risk of having TMD were found in participants with anxiety (OR 2.6 in T2 and 5.6 in T1) and depression (2.0 in T2 and 3.3 in T1), but only anxiety reach statistical significance in both periods. Conclusions: TMD symptoms were a fluctuating variable that exchange between some individuals of this study. Independently of the TMD, depression rates significant increased in the evaluated period. Finally, anxiety was the psychological symptom related to the increased risk of having TMD

Analgesic action of laser therapy (LLLT) in an animal model

Objectives: To evaluate the analgesic effect of laser therapy on healthy tissue of mice. Study design: Forty-five animals were divided in three groups of 15: A ? infrared laser irradiation (830 nm, Kondortech®, São Carlos, SP, Brazil); B ? red laser irradiation (660 nm, Kondortech®, São Carlos, SP, Brazil); C ? sham irradiation with laser unit off. After laser application, the mice remained immobilized for the injection of 30 µl of 2% formalin in the plantar pad of the irradiated hind paw. The time that the mouse kept the hind paw lifted was measured at 5 min intervals for 30 minutes. Results: Results showed statistically significant differences comparing the control group with the infrared laser group at 5, 20, 25 and 30 accumulated minutes, and with the red laser group at all time points. The analysis of partial times, at each 5 minutes, showed statistically significant differences between the control and the laser groups up to 20 minutes. Conclusions: Laser therapy had an analgesic effect and red laser had the best results

Reconstrução de assoalho orbital com polietileno de alta densidade

Surgical interventions in blow out fractures are generally indicated in cases of alterations in orbital function (e.g. diplopia)and for aesthetic reasons (e.g. enophthalmos). In assessing the severity of the injury, the clinician often uses parameterssuch as changes in visual acuity, patient-reported diplopia, changes in globe position and evaluation of the extraocularmuscles in association with imaging exams. Computed tomography has been the modality of choice for detailed imagingdiagnosis and surgical planning of orbital trauma. High density polyethylene may be successfully used in orbital floorreconstruction to restore function and esthetics. Taking into account the follow up of six months, the availability and theadvantages of high density polyethylene implants, it can be concluded that their use in reconstruction of orbital floordefects is a good choice.Justifica-se intervir cirurgicamente em fraturas do tipo blow out naqueles casos em que haja alterações da função orbital,como a diplopia, ou mesmo por razões estéticas, como a enoftalmia. Clinicamente, as fraturas do tipo blow out revelamalterações estéticas e funcionais que, associadas aos exames complementares por imagem, como a tomografiacomputadorizada, indicam o procedimento cirúrgico reparador. A utilização do polietileno de alta densidade (PAD) nareconstrução do assoalho orbital reduz a morbidade do enxerto autógeno, apresentando estabilidade e biocompatibilidade.Este artigo discute um caso cirúrgico de evolução favorável após seis meses de reconstrução do assoalho orbital com PAD

Current and future aspects of TIM-3 as biomarker or as potential targeted in non-small cell lung cancer scope: is there a role in clinical practice?

Lung cancer is an aggressive disease with a high rate of mortality (1). Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes approximately 85% of all histology types (2). In the 1990’s, chemotherapy was the standard of care for the treatment of metastatic NSCLC (3). Since 2005, targeted therapies have emerged as a new cornerstone in the treatment of NSCLC. These include epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFRTKI) such as gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, osimertinib, and dacomitinib (4) as well as the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors crizotinib, alectinib, ceritinib, brigatinib and lorlatinib (5,6). Improving our understanding of tumor biology has therefore become a fundamental issue among oncologists to optimize these novel treatment strategies (7). In 2018, James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo (8) won the Nobel prize for their research on the mechanisms of the tumor immune escape, which led to the first immunotherapy drugs to be utilized in clinical practice: nivolumab and ipilimumab (3,9). The Karolinska Institute Nobel Prize Committee declared that Allison and Honjo’s findings constituted the fourth cornerstone of cancer treatment, alongside surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy (1,9).National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) 402621/2016-6info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio