An Investigation Into Information Design Of Nutritional Labels In Malaysia

This research investigates information design of nutritional labels in Malaysia. In particular, three areas are further examined including: 1) the elements and design features applied in the nutritional labels; 2) the use of nutritional labels among Malaysian consumers; and 3) the governance parties including key stakeholders such as regulators, producers, creators, design practitioners and researchers related to nutritional labels in Malaysia. Objectively, this study employs a mixed method including evaluating the existing nutritional labels design in Malaysia through content analysis, surveying the use of nutritional labels among consumers, and the views of key stakeholders are gathered in interviews

Labelling for Good: A Descriptive Study of Nutritional Label Format and Design to Help Consumers Make Better-Informed Choices

Nutritional labels are commonly used on food packaging in Malaysia, but currently the standard format of nutritional label design in Malaysia are not defined to help better inform the consumers. The lack of format determinants used by manufacturers was barely discussed. A very small number of studies were done in the area of information design in Malaysia on the consistencies in the format of nutritional label. This paper aims to explore the aesthetic value and design attention as the prime commodities of a nutritional label to meaningfully convey about what is consumed to keep the consumers better informed. This paper will look at the nutritional label format and design on packaged food available in the Malaysian hypermarkets, and provide discussion of the new insights for better visual representation through information design. It will draw on the descriptive studies of nutritional label format and design that encompasses the existing format used on imported and local packaged food, which can be found in Malaysian hypermarkets. The findings will be supported and addressed with qualitative approach to provide rich information

Inkluderende Idrætsundervisning: Hvordan motiveres alle elever til deltagelse?

Artiklen tager sit afsæt i et toårigt projekt på Professionshøjskolen Metropol med titlen: 'Inkluderende idrætsundervisning'. Målet med projektet har været at undersøge mulighederne for at skabe en idrætsundervisning, der tilgodeser alle eleverne. Der er tale om et interventionsstudie, hvor den inkluderende idrætsundervisning er afprøvet på elever i udskolingsklasser i København og omegn med henblik på at undersøge særlige motivationsskabende faktorer. Empirien omhandler observationer, interviews og en større spørgeskemaundersøgelse. I artiklen vil fundene blive præsenteret, og der vises modeller for principper bag den motiverende og inkluderende idrætsundervisning. Afslutningsvis angives praksiseksempler på baggrund af projektets resultater

The Seasonal and Inter-Annual Fluctuations of Plankton Abundance and Community Structure in a North Atlantic Marine Protected Area

Marine Protected Areas have become a major tool for the conservation of marine biodiversity and resources. Yet our understanding of their efficacy is often limited because it is measured for a few biological components, typically top predators or species of commercial interest. To achieve conservation targets, marine protected areas can benefit from ecosystem-based approaches. Within such an approach, documenting the variation of plankton indicators and their covariation with climate is crucial as plankton represent the base of the food webs. With this perspective, we sought to document the variations in the emerging properties of the plankton to better understand the dynamics of the pelagic fishes, mammals and seabirds that inhabit the region. For the first time, we analyze the temporal variations of the entire plankton community of one of the widest European protected areas, the Parc Naturel Marin de la Mer d’Iroise. We used data from several sampling transects carried out in the Iroise Sea from 2011 to 2015 to explore the seasonal and inter-annual variations of phytoplankton and mesozooplankton abundance, composition and size, as well as their covariation with abiotic variables, through multiple multivariate analyses. Overall, our observations are coherent with the plankton dynamics that have been observed in other regions of the North-East Atlantic. We found that both phytoplankton and zooplankton show consistent seasonal patterns in taxonomic composition and size structure but also display inter-annual variations. The spring bloom was associated with a higher contribution of large chain-forming diatoms compared to nanoflagellates, the latter dominating in fall and summer. Dinoflagellates show marked inter-annual variations in their relative contribution. The community composition of phytoplankton has a large impact on the mesozooplankton together with the distance to the coast. The size structure of the mesozooplankton community, examined through the ratio of small to large copepods, also displays marked seasonal patterns. We found that larger copepods (members of the Calanidae) are more abundant in spring than in summer and fall. We propose several hypotheses to explain the observed temporal patterns and we underline their importance for understanding the dynamics of other components of the food-web (such as sardines). Our study is a first step toward the inclusion of the planktonic compartment into the planning of the resources and diversity conservation within the Marine Protected Area

Composition and diversity analysis of the lung microbiome in patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia.

BackgroundVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is associated with high morbidity and health care costs, yet diagnosis remains a challenge. Analysis of airway microbiota by amplicon sequencing provides a possible solution, as pneumonia is characterised by a disruption of the microbiome. However, studies evaluating the diagnostic capabilities of microbiome analysis are limited, with a lack of alignment on possible biomarkers. Using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from ventilated adult patients suspected of VAP, we aimed to explore how key characteristics of the microbiome differ between patients with positive and negative BALF cultures and whether any differences could have a clinically relevant role.MethodsBALF from patients suspected of VAP was analysed using 16s rRNA sequencing in order to: (1) differentiate between patients with and without a positive culture; (2) determine if there was any association between microbiome diversity and local inflammatory response; and (3) correctly identify pathogens detected by conventional culture.ResultsThirty-seven of 90 ICU patients with suspected VAP had positive cultures. Patients with a positive culture had significant microbiome dysbiosis with reduced alpha diversity. However, gross compositional variance was not strongly associated with culture positivity (AUROCC range 0.66-0.71). Patients with a positive culture had a significantly higher relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria compared to those without [0.45 (IQR 0.10-0.84), 0.02 (IQR 0.004-0.09), respectively], and an increased interleukin (IL)-1β was associated with reduced species evenness (rs = - 0.33, p s = 0.28, p = 0.013). Untargeted 16s rRNA pathogen detection was limited by false positives, while the use of pathogen-specific relative abundance thresholds showed better diagnostic accuracy (AUROCC range 0.89-0.998).ConclusionPatients with positive BALF culture had increased dysbiosis and genus dominance. An increased caspase-1-dependent IL-1b expression was associated with a reduced species evenness and increased pathogenic bacterial presence, providing a possible causal link between microbiome dysbiosis and lung injury development in VAP. However, measures of diversity were an unreliable predictor of culture positivity and 16s sequencing used agnostically could not usefully identify pathogens; this could be overcome if pathogen-specific relative abundance thresholds are used

Microbial volatiles as diagnostic biomarkers of bacterial lung infection in mechanically ventilated patients.

BackgroundEarly and accurate recognition of respiratory pathogens is crucial to prevent increased risk of mortality in critically ill patients. Microbial-derived volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) in exhaled breath could be used as non-invasive biomarkers of infection to support clinical diagnosis.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the diagnostic potential of in vitro confirmed mVOCs in the exhaled breath of patients under mechanically ventilation from the BreathDx study. Samples were analysed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS).ResultsPathogens from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cultures were identified in 45/89 patients and S. aureus was the most commonly identified pathogen (n = 15). Out of 19 mVOCs detected in the in vitro culture headspace of four common respiratory pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli), 14 were found in exhaled breath samples. Higher concentrations of two mVOCs were found in the exhaled breath of patients infected with S. aureus compared to those without (3-methylbutanal p ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the capability of using mVOCs to detect the presence of specific pathogen groups with potential to support clinical diagnosis. Although not all mVOCs were found in patient samples within this small pilot study, further targeted and qualitative investigation is warranted using multi-centre clinical studies

THE ROLE OF NURSE ANESTHETIST IN THE PLANNING OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN MANAGEMENT

Proper post-operative pain relief has been shown to increase the patient comfort level, help to a quick recovery of the patient physical activities thus reducing post-surgical morbidity. It improves the outcome of the surgery and reduces the length of days which the patients have to be admitted at the hospital. Pharmacological, non-pharmacological, patients’ monitoring and documentation are the main findings of this research that can be used by nurse anesthetists in order to manage postoperative pain for surgical patients. The aim of this literature review is to find out the methods used by nurse anesthetists in order to treat, prevent, and manage the postoperative pain for surgical patients. The purpose of this literature review is to describe the main methods used by nurse anesthetists in order to manage postoperative pain of surgical patients, within Europe, Australia and USA. The approaches used by nurse anesthetist in prevention and treatment of post operative pain are mainly pharmacological and non-pharmacological, in addition to this, sufficient patient education ,pain assessment, documenting and sufficient communication between the care givers also play a big role In the management of post operative pain

Artumo vertinimas tarp šaknies ir mini implantu ir galimi rezultatai - sisteminė apžvalga, remiantis gyvūnų tyrimų

Proximity evaluation between the root and the mini-implant and possible outcomes – A Systematic Review Based on Animal Studie