Manual Orientador dos Planos Locais de Saúde

O Plano Nacional de Saúde Revisão e Extensão a 2020 constitui-se como uma plataforma que visa desenvolver e reforçar a implementação do PNS a nível nacional, regional e local. Neste contexto, importa salientar que os Planos Locais de Saúde (PLS) são instrumentos ímpares de implementação do PNS, de alinhamento com os objetivos nacionais e regionais e, como tal, devem refletir nas suas estratégias, em todas as intervenções os quatro eixos estratégicos, segundo uma abordagem intersectorial que envolva os diferentes parceiros que têm impacto na saúde.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Molecular analysis on resistant TB isolates in Portugal

Abstrat publicado em: http://www.pasteur.fr/infosci/conf/sb/tuberculosis2012/images/TB2012-Program-Abstract-book-LD.pdfPortugal has one of the highest tuberculosis (TB) incidence (20/100 000 inhabitants) in Europe. The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) TB and extensive drug-resistant (XDR) TB infection is the biggest threat to TB control. Most strains of MDR-TB circulating in the Lisbon area belong to a particular family of genetically related strains, the Lisboa family, detected in the 90’s. The prevalence of this family of strains has increased over the years, and represented more than 85% of the MDR-TB strains in the year of 2008. XDR-TB has been recently derived from MDR-TB strains and account for about 50% of these, the majority belonging to Lisboa family. Lisboa family represents a serious problem regarding TB control in Portugal and its prevalance in recent years suggests that these strains may have selective advantages over others. In order to establish a link between the most prevalent mutations in drug-resistance associated genes and spread of Lisboa strains in the Portuguese setting, 54 resistant-TB clinical isolates in Portugal were study. The isolates were characterized by 24 loci MIRU-VNTR and analyzed for inhA, katG, rpoB, rpsL, rrs, embB and pncA genes, for resistance to first-line drugs. The MDR isolates (n=35) were further analyzed for mutations in gyrA, tlyA, eis and rrs for resistance to fluoroquinolones and second-line injectables. MIRU-VNTR analysis showed that Lisboa family strains and Q1 cluster were the most prevalent, with 26 (48%) and 6 (11%) isolates respectively, including the majority of the MDR-TB and XDR- TB isolates. No mutations in first-line drug resistance associated genes specifically related with MDR were found. However, mutation analysis to second-line drug resistance in 17 MDR-TB isolates shown that specific mutations arepresent in particular families. Therefore, XDR-TB from Lisboa family exhibits gyrA D94G/S91P, tlyA Ins755GT and eis G-10A mutations, and XDR-TB from Q1 presents gyrA D94A and rrs A1401G mutations. The remaining isolates are still under study, and further analyses are ongoing. We conclude that XDR-TB isolates from Lisboa family and Q1 cluster have shown a marked difference between them, regarding second-line mutations. Such analysis may be useful to define mutation profiles that distinguish Lisboa family from Q1 isolates

Discursos sobre a emergência da educação da infância formal em Portugal (1880-1950)

Neste artigo busca-se uma compreensão das ideias sobre a educação da segunda infância em Portugal, entre finais do século XIX e meados do seguinte. Compulsaram-se um conjunto de revistas de educação publicadas em Portugal. A análise detetou tendências e nuances do processo de modernização pedagógica. Certos autores defendem o ambiente familiar como o mais adequado para a educação da infância, destacando a mulher como mãe e educadora, outros denunciam a sua impreparação, advogando a sua formação e sustentavam a conveniência da educação de infância em instituições, segundo as modernas propostas pedagógicas. Estes últimos tenderam a manifestar posicionamentos idênticos aos que se expressam em outros países europeus sobre os modelos pedagógicos direcionados especificamente à segunda infância

Avaliação qualitativa de impactos ambientais para licenciamento de Jardim Botânico

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Florianópolis, 2012A presente dissertação visou a elaboração de metodologia de avaliação qualitativa de impactos ambientais em empreendimentos do tipo Jardim Botânico. Entende-se por Jardim Botânico um local de visitação para contemplação de reserva de vegetação nativa e exótica, expostas ao ar livre e em estufas climatizadas. Empreendimento sem enquadramento específico na DN 74 no estado de Minas Gerais, não há um método específico para análise dos impactos ambientais da criação e funcionamento do mesmo. Os objetivos específicos propostos para este trabalho foram: (i) elaboração de matriz qualitativa cruzando as informações das atividades impactantes e fatores ambientais relevantes nos meios biótico, físico e antrópico; (ii) derivação de check-list descritivo para caracterização dos impactos ambientais. Para a consecução destes objetivos utilizou-se as seguintes metodologias: (i) matriz qualitativa e (ii) método Check-list descritivo. Gerou-se um método avaliativo qualitativamente de impactos ambientais para empreendimentos do tipo Jardim Botânico. Este método, relevante sob o prisma acadêmico e com utilidade prática, torna-se uma importante ferramenta para futuras análises de impactos, proposição de medidas mitigadoras e compensatórias, e processos de regularização ambiental. Esta dissertação é gerou um método de avaliação qualitativa de impactos ambientais de empreendimentos tipo Jardim Botânico, cujos resultados podem fornecer subsídios para políticas públicas. Abstract: Global biodiversity suffers loss through intense pressure from population expansion. Gathered together in an international effort, Botanical Gardens around the world represent an important mechanism for conservation and preservation of biodiversity. In Brazil, the National Environment Policy (PNMA) argues that natural resources are goods of common use, and they must be preserved. In this sense, was implemented an environmental licensing system. This system works as a preventive administrative supervision for the environment, permitting or not the operation of any enterprise. Environmental impact assessment is a specific, comprehensive and detailed evaluation environmental impacts mechanism that defines potentiating and mitigation actions for the project under analysis. This study defines the requirements for the process of Environmental Impact Assessment to support studies of Licensing and also proposes to adapt suitable methodologies for qualitative assessment of environmental impacts during the operation phase of this kind of activity. The methodologies Matrix of Interaction and "Check List" represent the best forms of qualitative analysis of environmental impacts. The data for this analysis were obtained from visit to botanical garden sites and virtual visits on botanical gardens web sites. The Matrix of Interaction and the "Check List" show that the Botanical Garden activity has a tendency to positive impacts, making the enterprise positive. Environmental measures are well balanced, with a slight tendency to the predominance of preventive minimization measures. The present study demonstrates that the adapted methodologies have great relevance and efficiency for environmental impact assessment, when applied in this type of activity and for the purpose of subsidizing the licensing of Botanical Gardens in Brazil. It is concluded that Botanical Garden is a beneficial activity to the location of its implementation, strengthening its mission: conservation and preservation of global biodiversity

An Insight into the Release Kinetics

The authors acknowledge the financial support from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT-MEC), Portugal, through the dedicated project (PTDC/EDM-EDM/30828/2017) (BeLive) Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.This work explores the unique features of magnetic-responsive hydrogels to obtain liposomal hydrogel delivery platforms capable of precise magnetically modulated drug release based on the mechanical responses of these hydrogels when exposed to an external magnetic field. Magnetic-responsive liposomal hydrogel delivery systems were prepared by encapsulation of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocoline (DPPC) multilayered vesicles (MLVs) loaded with ferulic acid (FA), i.e., DPPC:FA liposomes, into gelatin hydrogel membranes containing dispersed iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs), i.e., magnetic-responsive gelatin. The FA release mechanisms and kinetics from magnetic-responsive liposomal gelatin were studied and compared with those obtained with conventional drug delivery systems, e.g., free liposomal suspensions and hydrogel matrices, to access the effect of liposome entrapment and magnetic field on FA delivery. FA release from liposomal gelatin membranes was well described by the Korsmeyer–Peppas model, indicating that FA release occurred under a controlled diffusional regime, with or without magnetic stimulation. DPPC:FA liposomal gelatin systems provided smoother controlled FA release, relative to that obtained with the liposome suspensions and with the hydrogel platforms, suggesting the promising application of liposomal hydrogel systems in longer-term therapeutics. The magnetic field, with low intensity (0.08 T), was found to stimulate the FA release from magnetic-responsive liposomal gelatin systems, increasing the release rates while shifting the FA release to a quasi-Fickian mechanism. The magnetic-responsive liposomal hydrogels developed in this work offer the possibility to magnetically activate drug release from these liposomal platforms based on a non-thermal related delivery strategy, paving the way for the development of novel and more efficient applications of MLVs and liposomal delivery systems in biomedicine.publishersversionpublishe

A importância da dança, enquanto terapia, na inclusão de crianças com paralisia cerebral

A Dança Terapia é um método terapêutico que utiliza a dança como principal instrumento para habilitação e reabilitação em saúde, utilizando técnicas diversas relacionadas com a prática da dança para a reeducação motora e mental. Oferece as suas contribuições na educação inclusiva e na capacidade de desenvolvimento físico e psicológico de crianças com Paralisia Cerebral. A prática da Dança individual ou coletivamente oferece aos seus praticantes a possibilidade de se sentirem mais integrados na comunidade de que fazem parte pela participação em associações ou grupos de Dança. A dança promove um trabalho de apoio para crianças especiais no que diz respeito ao seu crescimento físico, psicológico, social e espiritual. Esta proposta tem como objetivo apresentar a Dança como uma ponte para algo que se vai construindo, favorecendo no seu ambiente familiar e escolar, um conjunto de aprendizagens interiorizadas pela criança e que se vão desenvolvendo ao longo do tempo demonstrando grande relevância para o desempenho psicomotor da criança com Paralisia Cerebral e sua socialização nesta sociedade tão globalizante. Contudo, este trabalho de suma importância justifica que os benefícios proporcionados pela Dança auxiliam na função motora, atenção, concentração, bem-estar e inclusão social da criança

Magnetic field dynamic strategies for the improved control of the angiogenic effect of mesenchymal stromal cells

project PTDC/EDM-EDM/30828/2017 SFRH/BD/114043/2015 co-financed by the ERDF under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POVI-01-0145-FEDER-007265), as well as from POR Lisboa 2020 grant PRECISE (Project N. 16394). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This work shows the ability to remotely control the paracrine performance of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in producing an angiogenesis key molecule, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), by modulation of an external magnetic field. This work compares for the first time the application of static and dynamic magnetic fields in angiogenesis in vitro model, exploring the effect of magnetic field intensity and dynamic regimes on the VEGF-A secretion potential of MSCs. Tissue scaffolds of gelatin doped with iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) were used as a platform for MSC proliferation. Dynamic magnetic field regimes were imposed by cyclic variation of the magnetic field intensity in different frequencies. The effect of the magnetic field intensity on cell behavior showed that higher intensity of 0.45 T was associated with increased cell death and a poor angiogenic effect. It was observed that static and dynamic magnetic stimulation with higher frequencies led to improved angiogenic performance on endothelial cells in comparison with a lower frequency regime. This work showed the possibility to control VEGF-A secretion by MSCs through modulation of the magnetic field, offering attractive perspectives of a non-invasive therapeutic option for several diseases by revascularizing damaged tissues or inhibiting metastasis formation during cancer progression.publishersversionpublishe

Evaluation of Serratia Ureilytica as a Greener Unsealed Road Stabilization Method

Covering half of South America, Brazil is one of the largest agricultural and commercial forest producers globally, with a correspondingly complex road network necessary to support the production and marketing processes of such goods. Contrary to global statistics, almost 90% of the country’s road network is classified as unsealed or dirt roads (CNT, 2020). This dissertation briefly reviews the history of such roads and explores the construction standards of unsealed roads in Brazil, showing how such standards can affect adjacent water bodies through hydric erosion and sedimentation. Specifically, this dissertation analyzes Serratia ureilytica as an innovative biocement formed through the process of Microbiologically Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICCP) and serving as a potential new alternative to stabilize unsealed roads, thus reducing hydric erosion and minimizing sedimentation. To test the effectiveness of this method, we compared our novel MICCP protocol to three classic methods of unsealed road stabilization: granulometric stabilization, cement, and hydrated lime, as adopted by Brazilian’s road construction standards. We simulated and compared the effects of these four stabilization methods on 1) surface erosion due to percolation effects from piping erosion and 2) water quality impacts from sedimentation due to traffic resistance of the unsealed roads. This study tested the biocementation effects of S. ureilytica over unsealed road grades (URG) determined as A, C and F by the Brazilian standards for unsealed road construction. To contribute to the global efforts to achieve a homogeneous biocement layer, this research tested fixed volumes of biocementation solution with variable granulometric distributions, in addition to testing the traditional stabilization methods of compaction, cementation, and hydrated lime addition. The greatest rate reduction in permeability was achieved for unsealed road grade (URG) F, which has the highest content of fine particles. A permeability rate reduction of 98.25% was achieved with the application of biocement when complared to granulometric stabilization with no sample compaction, and 95.64% reduction when compared to granulometric stabilization with sample compaction. URG A and URG C samples showed similar behavior after the biocementation treatments. Cement treatments were 100 % impervious for all samples, and hydrated lime treatments were less effective at reducing permeability rates than biocementation treatments. Our main findings lead to the conclusion that S. ureilytica is a strong candidate as a potential alternative method for unsealed road stabilization through the biocementation process. Our results gave enough evidence and data to expand the research to field scale, where the granulometric distribution proposed adaptations can be tested under all variables involved in unsealed road construction and use. Our secondary study was designed to test potential markers to evaluate the potential environmental impacts from erosion of chemically stabilized unsealed roads, focusing on how the stabilization methods may impact water quality. Cement and hydrated lime are the two most commonly used stabilizers to improve unsealed roads. Calcium, magnesium, and silicon were selected as potential markers since they are the most abundant ions in cement, hydrated lime and biocement, and low-cost tests are available to determine their concentrations in samples. The levels of calcium and magnesium found in percolated water from the test samples in this study could serve as indicators of increased sediment from road erosion which carries other toxic chemicals, heavy metals, and petrochemicals due to road traffic, contributing to the pollution of water bodies and potential public health concerns. Further research in the field is needed to test for the presence of specific road pollutants in adjacent waterways under variable conditions of traffic flow and weatherization. The silicon lixiviated from the unsealed roads can be recycled and reused as a valuable source for agriculture and the regeneration of aquatic systems. Future research should include the research to field scale, adding all variables that may affect road weatherization and its erosion process, plus complete water quality assessment, including heavy metals, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and sediment levels to test the connections and correlational parameters that would support the use of calcium, magnesium, and silicon as potential indicators of water quality pollution from unsealed roads. Silicon extraction and reuse costs should also be addressed

Tannery effluent treatment by nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and chitosan modified membranes

UID/QUI/50006/2019The objective of this work is to develop an appropriate technology for environmentally sound membrane-based purification of a tannery effluent assuring, simultaneously, the recovery of chromium, considered as the most hazardous inorganic water pollutant extensively used in leather tanning. A comparison between the permeate fluxes obtained during treatment of a synthetic tannery effluent through nanofiltration (NF270 and NF90 membranes) and reverse osmosis (BW30 and SW30) membranes was first performed. Then, a dedicated polymeric membrane was prepared by coating chitosan (cs) on a polyethersulfone (PES) microfiltration membrane (cs-PES MFO22) support. The resulting membrane was characterized by Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR), Emission Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) to confirm the process of surface modification and cross-linking of chitosan with glutaraldehyde. This membrane was found to be highly effective for chromium removal (>99%), which was more than eight times higher in reference to monovalent cations (e.g., Na+ and K+) and more than six times higher in reference to the divalent cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+) studied. The reverse osmosis permeate conforms to local Algerian regulations regarding being discharged directly into the natural environment (in this case, Reghaia Lake) or into urban sewers linked to wastewater biological treatment stations. While the SW30 membrane proved to be the most effective for purification of the tannery effluent, the chitosan modified membrane proved to be appropriate for recovery of chromium from the reverse osmosis concentrate.publishersversionpublishe

Accessing gelling ability of vegetable proteins using rheological and fluorescence techniques

This work aims to present a comprehensive study about the macroscopic characteristics of globular vegetable proteins, in terms of their gelling ability, by understanding their molecular behaviour, when submitted to a thermal gelling process. The gels of soy, pea and lupin proteins were characterized by rheological techniques. Gelation kinetics, mechanical spectra, as well as the texture of these gels were analyzed and compared. Additionally, capillary viscometry, steady-state fluorescence and fluorescence anisotropy were used to monitor the structural changes induced by the thermal denaturation, which constitutes the main condition for the formation of a gel structure. Based on these techniques it was possible to establish a relationship between the gelling ability of each protein isolate and their structural resistance to thermal unfolding, enabling us to explain the weakest and the strongest gelling ability observed for lupin and soy proteins isolates, respectivel