Tecnologia para obtenção de vinho de taperebá.

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Effect of extracts of amazonian bee propolis on Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae in the State of Pará-Brazil.

O maracujá-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarcarpa Deg.) é uma cultura importante na agricultura da Amazônia brasileira, especialmente no estado do Pará. Mas o seu cultivo tem sofrido uma redução de suas áreas e produtividade devido às doenças causadas por bactérias, em que o controle químico, às vezes, não apresenta os resultados esperados. A própolis de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.) tem se mostrado um importante antibiótico natural no controle de microrganismos indesejáveis de plantas e animais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo in vitro da atividade antibiótica de diferentes extratos de própolis de abelhas africanizadas de duas diferentes localidades do estado do Pará sobre o agente causador da mancha bacteriana do maracujá (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae). Foi realizada uma análise fatorial de três fatores: origem X solvente X concentração. Verificou-se que as concentrações de 0,5% foram estatisticamente superiores às demais, com poder de inibição do crescimento médio de 86%, e o extrato de própolis do apiário de Santa Izabel do Pará, Pará, Brasil, obtido em etanol a 80%, demonstrou efeito inibitório estatisticamente diferente e superior do crescimento de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) de X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae

Governing shipping externalities : Baltic ports in the process of SOx emission reduction

This paper analyses the debate which has unfolded in the Baltic Sea Region regarding the reduction of sulphur content in vessel fuels, in order to illustrate how tightening environmental regulation challenges traditional forms of maritime governance. Using an interactive governance approach, this study reconstructs the process of sulphur emission reduction as a complex multi-stakeholder interaction in multiple contexts. The empirical investigation has drawn on documentary material from around the Baltic region, including Russia, and has applied the method of qualitative content analysis. The empirical study focuses on two interlinked questions: (1) How sulphur emission reduction policies are being anticipated by maritime industry, in particular by Baltic ports and (2) How port adaptation strategies are tied into Baltic local and energy contexts. Addressing these questions highlights the role of polycentricity in shipping governance and explains how the same universal international regulations can produce varying patterns of governance. The paper concludes that policy-making shall take an account of the fact that the globalized shipping industry is nevertheless locally and sectorally embedded.Peer reviewe

Potencial antimicrobiano de extratos de própolis amazônica de Apis mellifera L. em Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis no estado do Pará, Brasil.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial efeito in vitro de extratos de própolis apícola amazônica sobre o crescimento de Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, agente causal da bacteriose da mandioca. As amostras de própolis foram coletadas em apiários com colmeias habitadas por abelhas Apis mellifera L. (africanizadas) nos municípios de Santa Izabel e Curuçá, no estado do Pará. Os extratos foram obtidos a partir de maceração estática por 24 h com os solventes hexano, acetato de etila e etanol 80%. Os perfis fenólicos das amostras foram obtidos através de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência/Detecção de Arranjo de Diodos/Espectrometria de Massas com Ionização Electrospray (HPLC/DAD/ESI-EM). A atividade antibacteriana foi verificada com os extratos nas concentrações de 0,1; 0,2; 0,3 e 0,4%. A análise química revelou a presença do kaempferol na amostra de Santa Izabel-PA, do ácido gálico na amostra de Curuçá-PA, e do 3,4-dihidroxibenzoico em ambas amostras. O extrato etanólico a 80% da própolis apícola de Santa Izabel reduziu significativamente o crescimento de X. axonopodis pv. Manihotis

Implications of climate change for shipping: Ports and supply chains

Ports are an important economic actor—at local, national, and international scales—that have been identified as being vulnerable to future changes to the climate. This paper details the findings from an international review of state‐of‐the‐art knowledge concerning climate risks, and adaptation responses, for ports and their supply chains. Evidence from both academic and gray literature indicates that there has already been major damage and disruption to ports across the world from climate‐related hazards and that such impacts are projected to increase in the years and decades to come. Findings indicate that while a substantial—and growing—body of scientific evidence on coastal risks and potential adaptation options is acting as a stimulus for port authorities to explicitly consider the risks for their assets and operations, only a notable few have actually made the next step toward implementing adaptation strategies. This paper concludes by putting forward constructive recommendations for the sector and suggestions for research to address remaining knowledge gaps. It emphasizes a call for collaboration between the research and practice communities, as well as the need to engage a broad range of stakeholders in the adaptation planning process

Numerical and physical assessment of control measures to mitigate fugitive dust emissions from harbor activities

In recent years, the industrial demand for petcoke—a solid residue derived from the refinement of crude oil—has been growing due to its low cost. The use of petcoke is causing environmental concern associated with its high level of contaminants and air pollutant emissions, mainly particulate matter (PM). Given the impact of petcoke on the environment and human health, increased attention has been given to its production, storage, transportation, and application processes. The main goal of this work was to assess the effectiveness of placing a barrier to reduce PM emissions from petcoke in a harbor area. The Port of Aveiro, Portugal, was used as case study. Firstly, wind tunnel experiments were performed for different types of barrier to (i) assess the effect on PM emissions of different types of barriers, namely solid, porous, and raised porous barriers; (ii) determine the optimal size and location of the barrier to achieve maximum reduction of PM emissions; and (iii) estimate the impact of placing such barrier in the attenuation of petcoke emissions over the harbor area. Secondly, the numerical model VADIS (pollutant DISpersion in the atmosphere under VAriable wind conditions) was run to evaluate the effect of implementing the barrier on the local air quality. Results showed that the best solution would be the implementation of two solid barriers: a main barrier of 109 m length plus a second barrier of 30 m length. This measure produced the best results in terms of reduction of the dispersion of particulate matter from the petcoke stockpile and minimization of the PM concentrations in the harbor surrounding area.publishe