O BRINCAR NAS CONCEPÇÕES E PRÁTICAS DE EDUCADORAS DE INSTITUIÇÕES DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL DE SÃO LUIZ GONZAGA – RS

Considerando que o Curso de Pedagogia -  URI – São Luiz Gonzaga habilita profissionais para atuar na educação infantil, o foco desta investigação foi analisar qual o papel atribuído ao brincar nesta etapa da educação. Partiu-se da premissa de que o brincar constitui-se como fator indispensável para o desenvolvimento da criança e, portanto, é imprescindível aos cursos de formação a reflexão sobre quais saberes e práticas possuem os docentes no sentido de apontar elementos para discussão e reflexão. Para realização da pesquisa foram realizadas pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, sendo esta última realizada por intermédio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com sete educadoras que atuam em instituições de educação infantil, creches, da rede pública urbana do município de São Luiz Gonzaga, sendo realizada no período de outubro/2003 a maio/2004. A escolha das educadoras participantes da pesquisa foi realizada de forma aleatória e de acordo com a disponibilidade das mesmas. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante conversas informais e realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com essasprofissionais. A presente investigação buscou apontar elementospara a reflexão da formação inicial e continuada dos profissionaispara atuar na educação infantil

Towards a new phenotype for tick resistance in beef and dairy cattle:a review

About 80% of the world's cattle are affected by ticks and tick-borne diseases, both of which cause significant production losses. Cattle host resistance to ticks is the most important factor affecting the economics of tick control, but it is largely neglected in tick-control programs due to technical difficulties and costs associated with identifying individual-animal variation in resistance. The present paper reviews the scientific literature to identify factors affecting resistance of cattle to ticks and the biological mechanisms of host tick resistance, to develop alternative phenotype(s) for tick resistance. If new cost-effective phenotype(s) can be developed and validated, then tick resistance of cattle could be genetically improved using genomic selection, and incorporated into breeding objectives to simultaneously improve cattle productive attributes and tick resistance. The phenotype(s) could also be used to improve tick control by using cattle management. On the basis of the present review, it is recommended that three possible phenotypes (haemolytic analysis measures of skin hypersensitivity reactions simplified artificial tick infestations) be further developed to determine their practical feasibility for consistently, cost-effectively and reliably measuring cattle tick resistance in thousands of individual animals in commercial and smallholder farmer herds in tropical and subtropical areas globally. During evaluation of these potential new phenotypes, additional measurements should be included to determine the possibility of developing a volatile-based resistance phenotype, to simultaneously improve cattle resistance to both ticks and biting flies. Because the current measurements of volatile chemistry do not satisfy the requirements of a simple, cost-effective phenotype for use in commercial cattle herds, consideration should also be given to inclusion of potentially simpler measures to enable indirect genetic selection for volatile-based resistance to ticks

Microscopical analysis of Candida albicans biofilms on heat-polymerised acrylic resin after chlorhexidine gluconate and sodium hypochlorite treatments

The ability of Candida albicans to form biofilms on denture surfaces is a significant cofactor in the pathogenesis of denture stomatitis. In this study, we applied a differential staining approach and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyse the effect of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate on the viability, removal and morphology of C. albicans forming biofilms on denture acrylic using an in vitro model. Immediately after treatment, to distinguish live from dead C. albicans cells in the remaining biofilms, the specimens were stained differentially and analysed by confocal scanning laser microscopy. Moreover, morphological alterations of fungal cells were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. All disinfectant solutions killed all remaining fungal cells on the specimens. Interestingly, 4% chlorhexidine did not remove these cells from the acrylic resin surface whereas sodium hypochlorite solutions (1% and 2%) provided almost complete biofilm removal. Furthermore, treating the specimens with sodium hypochlorite induced cell morphology alterations, as seen in the residual fungal cells. Finally, according to our findings, it can be suggested that sodium hypochlorite solutions are the first choice as denture cleanser when compared with 4% chlorhexidine because those solutions not only killed C. albicans biofilms but also removed them from the heat-polymerised acrylic resin.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES