Intense field stabilization in circular polarization: 3D time-dependent dynamics

We investigate the stabilization of a hydrogen atom in circularly polarized laser fields. We use a time-dependent, fully three dimensional approach to study the quantum dynamics of the hydrogen atom subject to high intensity, short wavelength laser pulses. We find enhanced survival probability as the field is increased under fixed envelope conditions. We also confirm wavepacket dynamics seen in prior time-dependent computations restricted to two dimensions.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitte

The `666' collaboration on OGLE transits: I. Accurate radius of the planets OGLE-TR-10b and OGLE-TR-56b with VLT deconvolution photometry

Transiting planets are essential to study the structure and evolution of extra-solar planets. For that purpose, it is important to measure precisely the radius of these planets. Here we report new high-accuracy photometry of the transits of OGLE-TR-10 and OGLE-TR-56 with VLT/FORS1. One transit of each object was covered in Bessel V and R filters, and treated with the deconvolution-based photometry algorithm DECPHOT, to ensure accurate millimagnitude light curves. Together with earlier spectroscopic measurements, the data imply a radius of 1.22 +0.12-0.07 R_J for OGLE-TR-10b and 1.30 +- 0.05 R_J for OGLE-TR-56b. A re-analysis of the original OGLE photometry resolves an earlier discrepancy about the radius of OGLE-TR-10. The transit of OGLE-TR-56 is almost grazing, so that small systematics in the photometry can cause large changes in the derived radius. Our study confirms both planets as inflated hot Jupiters, with large radii comparable to that of HD 209458$b$ and at least two other recently discovered transiting gas giants.Comment: Fundamental updates compared to previous version; accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

Is Cosmology Solved?

We have fossil evidence from the thermal background radiation that our universe expanded from a considerably hotter denser state. We have a well defined and testable description of the expansion, the relativistic Friedmann-Lemaitre model. Its observational successes are impressive but I think hardly enough for a convincing scientific case. The lists of observational constraints and free hypotheses within the model have similar lengths. The scorecard on the search for concordant measures of the mass density parameter and the cosmological constant shows that the high density Einstein-de Sitter model is challenged, but that we cannot choose between low density models with and without a cosmological constant. That is, the relativistic model is not strongly overconstrained, the usual test of a mature theory. Work in progress will greatly improve the situation and may at last yield a compelling test. If so, and the relativistic model survives, it will close one line of research in cosmology: we will know the outlines of what happened as our universe expanded and cooled from high density. It will not end research: some of us will occupy ourselves with the details of how galaxies and other large-scale structures came to be the way they are, others with the issue of what our universe was doing before it was expanding. The former is being driven by rapid observational advances. The latter is being driven mainly by theory, but there are hints of observational guidance.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures. To be published in PASP as part of the proceedings of the Smithsonian debate, Is Cosmology Solved

Wall effects on granular heap stability

We investigate the effects of lateral walls on the angle of movement and on the angle of repose of a granular pile. Our experimental results for beads immersed in water are similar to previous results obtained in air and to recent numerical simulations. All of these results, showing an increase of pile angles with a decreasing gap width, are explained by a model based on the redirection of stresses through the granular media. Two regimes are observed depending on the bead diameter. For large beads, the range of wall effects corresponds to a constant number of beads whereas it corresponds to a constant characteristic length for small beads as they aggregate via van der Waals forces

The spin-orbit angle of the transiting hot jupiter CoRoT-1b

We measure the angle between the planetary orbit and the stellar rotation axis in the transiting planetary system CoRoT-1, with new HIRES/Keck and FORS/VLT high-accuracy photometry. The data indicate a highly tilted system, with a projected spin-orbit angle lambda = 77 +- 11 degrees. Systematic uncertainties in the radial velocity data could cause the actual errors to be larger by an unknown amount, and this result needs to be confirmed with further high-accuracy spectroscopic transit measurements. Spin-orbit alignment has now been measured in a dozen extra-solar planetary systems, and several show strong misalignment. The first three misaligned planets were all much more massive than Jupiter and followed eccentric orbits. CoRoT-1, however, is a jovian-mass close-in planet on a circular orbit. If its strong misalignment is confirmed, it would break this pattern. The high occurence of misaligned systems for several types of planets and orbits favours planet-planet scattering as a mechanism to bring gas giants on very close orbits.Comment: to appear in in MNRAS letters [5 pages

Self interacting Brans Dicke cosmology and Quintessence

Recent cosmological observations reveal that we are living in a flat accelerated expanding universe. In this work we have investigated the nature of the potential compatible with the power law expansion of the universe in a self interacting Brans Dicke cosmology with a perfect fluid background and have analyzed whether this potential supports the accelerated expansion. It is found that positive power law potential is relevant in this scenario and can drive accelerated expansion for negative Brans Dicke coupling parameter $\omega$. The evolution of the density perturbation is also analyzed in this scenerio and is seen that the model allows growing modes for negative $\omega$.Comment: 8pages, 5 figures, PRD style, some changes are made, figures added, reference added. To be published in Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Hyperspherical partial wave calculation for double photoionization of the helium atom at 20 eV excess energy

Hyperspherical partial wave approach has been applied here in the study of double photoionization of the helium atom for equal energy sharing geometry at 20 eV excess energy. Calculations have been done both in length and velocity gauges and are found to agree with each other, with the CCC results and with experiments and exhibit some advantages of the corresponding three particle wave function over other wave functions in use.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, submitted to J. Phys B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys; v2 - revised considerably, rewritten using ioplatex clas

An ingress and a complete transit of HD 80606 b

We have used four telescopes at different longitudes to obtain near-continuous lightcurve coverage of the star HD 80606 as it was transited by its \sim 4-MJup planet. The observations were performed during the predicted transit windows around the 25th of October 2008 and the 14th of February 2009. Our data set is unique in that it simultaneously constrains the duration of the transit and the planet's period. Our Markov-Chain Monte Carlo analysis of the light curves, combined with constraints from radial-velocity data, yields system parameters consistent with previously reported values. We find a planet-to-star radius ratio marginally smaller than previously reported, corresponding to a planet radius of Rp = 0.921 \pm 0.036RJup .Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, MNRAS accepte

A cool starspot or a second transiting planet in the TrES-1 system?

We investigate the origin of a flux increase found during a transit of TrES-1, observed with the HST. This feature in the HST light curve cannot be attributed to noise and is supposedly a dark area on the stellar surface of the host star eclipsed by TrES-1 during its transit. We investigate the likeliness of two possible hypothesis for its origin: A starspot or a second transiting planet. We made use of several transit observations of TrES-1 from space with the HST and from ground with the IAC-80 telescope. On the basis of these observations we did a statistical study of flux variations in each of the observed events, to investigate if similar flux increases are present in other parts of the data set. The HST observation presents a single clear flux rise during a transit whereas the ground observations led to the detection of two such events but with low significance. In the case of having observed a starspot in the HST data, assuming a central impact between the spot and TrES-1, we would obtain a lower limit for the spot radius of 42000 km. For this radius the spot temperature would be 4690 K, 560 K lower then the stellar surface of 5250 K. For a putative second transiting planet we can set a lower limit for its radius at 0.37 R$_J$ and for periods of less than 10.5 days, we can set an upper limit at 0.72 R$_J$. Assuming a conventional interpretation, then this HST observation constitutes the detection of a starspot. Alternatively, this flux rise might also be caused by an additional transiting planet. The true nature of the origin can be revealed if a wavelength dependency of the flux rise can be shown or discarded with a higher certainty. Additionally, the presence of a second planet can also be detected by radial velocity measurements.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&

New limits on ΩΛ\Omega_{\Lambda} and ΩM\Omega_M from old galaxies at high redshift

The ages of two old galaxies (53W091, 53W069) at high redshifts are used to constrain the value of the cosmological constant in a flat universe ($\Lambda$CDM) and the density parameter $\Omega_M$ in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) models with no $\Lambda$-term. In the case of $\Lambda$CDM models, the quoted galaxies yield two lower limits for the vacuum energy density parameter, $\Omega_\Lambda \geq 0.42$ and $\Omega_\Lambda \geq 0.5$, respectively. Although compatible with the limits from statistics of gravitational lensing (SGL) and cosmic microwave background (CMB), these lower bounds are more stringent than the ones recently determined using SNe Ia as standard candles. For matter dominated universes ($\Omega_\Lambda=0$), the existence of these galaxies imply that the universe is open with the matter density parameter constrained by $\Omega_M \leq 0.45$ and $\Omega_M \leq 0.37$, respectively. In particular, these results disagree completely with the analysis of field galaxies which gives a lower limit $\Omega_M \geq 0.40$.Comment: submitted to Astrophysical Journal Letters, 16 ApJ preprint pages including 4 figure