タイ国に浸淫しているヒトおよび動物ロタウイルスの血清学的並びに遺伝学的研究

This series of studies used antigenic and genetic analysis to examine rotavirus strains prevailing in humans and animals in Thailand. The results are summarized as follows: 1) A number of fecal specimens were collected from humans (patients with diarrhea), cattle (young calves with diarrhea) and pigs (piglets with diarrhea) in Thailand. These were screened for rotavirus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of segmented viral genome and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with group A-specific monoclonal antibodies. Group A rotaviruspositive specimens were then examined for their subgroup and G serotype specificity using subgroup (I-and II-) specific monoclonal antibodies and G serotype (1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and occasionally 6-) specific monoclonal antibodies, respectively. G serotype specificity of the specimens untypable by ELISA was then examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using serotype-specific primers, which showed very high sensitivity in serotype determination. 2) The rate of rotavirus detection in pediatric diarrhea was calculated at 36.9% on the basis of the examination of diarrhea specimens collected in Bangkok in 1991-94. Rotavirus gastroenteritis was shown to occur most frequently in infants and young children equal to or less than 2 years of age with a peak at 6-11 months of age. The male to female ratio was calculated at 1.36. Monthly distribution of the occurrence of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Bangkok indicated that the illness tends to cluster in September through January. 3) Although as a whole G serotype 1 was the most often detected in this series, the frequency of detection of individual serotypes differed greatly by year. While in the 1983-84 survey G serotype 4 was the most frequent, both G serotypes 1 and 2 dominated in the 1987-88 survey. In the following two years of 1988-89 and 1989-90, G serotype 1 predominated, while in 1990-91 survey G serotype 3, which had been detected only rarely until then, surpassed other G serotypes 1 and 2. G serotype 1 was the most frequent in 1991-92, second to G serotype 2 in 1992-93 and again predominant in 1993-94. 4) It was unexpected that all bovine rotavirus strains found in the present studies were antigenically non-G serotype 6, since most bovine rotaviruses reported until then belonged to G serotype 6. The RNA patterns of these strains were grouped into the three electropherotypes a, b and c. Sequence analysis of the VP7 gene of strain 61A (representing the electropherotype c) indicated that it does not belong to G serotype 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 11. These results formed the basis of our subsequent antigenic and genetic studies showing that while the G serotype of strains A44 (electropherotype a) and 61A is 10, that of strain A5 (electropherotype b) is 8, which is discussed in this paper. ?5) Serotyping by ELISA showed that the majority of porcine rotavirus strains (7/13) detected in 1987 was G serotype 3. Twenty-three group A rotavirus strains detected in 1990-91 were grouped by RNA PAGE into six electropherotypes a-f. The G serotypes assigned to these by ELISA and PCR were as follows: G serotype 3 (three strains of electropherotypes a and c), G serotype 10 (14 strains of electropherotype d) and undetemined serotype (6 strains). The presence of G serotype 10 porcine rotavirus, a finding unreported to date, has been further confirmed by serologic and genetic analysis in this laboratory (Pongsuwanna et al., submitted), which is discussed in this paper. 6) On the basis of the findings indicating the close genetic relationship among rotaviruses of humans and various animal species, the possibility of interspecies transmission and subsequent genome reassortment in the recipient host and the significance of these events in the mechanisms of evolution and diversification of rotavirus in nature are discussed

Emergence of Serotype G12 Rotaviruses, Hungary

We describe the emergence of serotype G12 rotaviruses (67 [6.9%] of 971 specimens tested) among children hospitalized with rotavirus gastroenteritis in Hungary during 2005. These findings are consistent with recent reports of the possible global spread and increasing epidemiologic importance of these strains, which may have implications for current rotavirus vaccination strategies

Human Rotavirus Serotype G9, São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2003

Diverse rotavirus strains are present, and frequency of G9 is high

Prevalence of G2P[4] and G12P[6] Rotavirus, Bangladesh

Rotavirus strains not covered by licensed vaccines are increasing

First Report from the Asian Rotavirus Surveillance Network

Rotavirus remains the most common cause of severe, dehydrating diarrhea among children worldwide. Several rotavirus vaccines are under development. Decisions about new vaccine introduction will require reliable data on disease impact. The Asian Rotavirus Surveillance Network, begun in 2000 to facilitate collection of these data, is a regional collaboration of 36 hospitals in nine countries or areas that conduct surveillance for rotavirus hospitalizations using a uniform World Health Organization protocol. We summarize the Network's organization and experience from August 2001 through July 2002. During this period, 45% of acute diarrheal hospitalizations among children 0–5 years were attributable to rotavirus, higher than previous estimates. Rotavirus was detected in all sites year-round. This network is a novel, regional approach to surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases. Such a network should provide increased visibility and advocacy, enable more efficient data collection, facilitate training, and serve as the paradigm for rotavirus surveillance activities in other regions

Complete genome constellation of a caprine group A rotavirus strain reveals common evolution with ruminant and human rotavirus strains

This study reports the first complete genome sequence of a caprine group A rotavirus (GAR) strain, GO34. The VP7-VP4-VP6-VP1-VP2-VP3-NSP1-NSP2-NSP3-NSP4-NSP5 genes of strain GO34, detected in Bangladesh, were assigned to the G6-P[1]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3 genotypes, respectively. Strain GO34 was closely related to the VP4, VP6–7 and NSP4–5 genes of bovine GARs and the NSP1 gene of GO34 to an ovine GAR. Strain GO34 shared low nucleotide sequence identities (<90 %) with VP2–3 genes of other GARs, and was equally related to NSP3 genes of human, ruminant and camelid strains. The VP1, VP6 and NSP2 genes of strain GO34 also exhibited a close genetic relatedness to human G2, G6, G8 and G12 DS-1-like GARs, whereas the NSP1 of GO34 was also closely related to human G6P[14] strains. All these findings point to a common evolutionary origin of GO34 and bovine, ovine, antelope, guanaco and human G6P[14] GARs, although phylogenetically GO34 is not particularly closely related to any other rotavirus strains known to date

Serologic and Genomic Characterization of a G12 Human Rotavirus in Thailand

The G and P type specificity of the human rotavirus strain T-152 (G12P[9]) isolated in Thailand was serologically confirmed with G12-specific monoclonal antibodies prepared in this study by using a reference G12 strain, L26, as an immunizing antigen and a P[9]-specific monoclonal antibody, respectively. The genomic relationship of strain T-152 with representative human rotavirus strains was examined by means of Northern blot analysis. The results showed that T152 is closely related to strain AU-1 (G3P[9]). Gene 5 (NSP1 gene) of T152, which did not hybridize with those of any other strains examined, was characterized by sequence determination. The T152 NSP1 gene is 1,652 nucleotides in length, encodes 493 amino acids, and exhibits low identity to those of representative human and animal rotaviruses