Single atom edge-like states via quantum interference

We demonstrate how quantum interference may lead to the appearance of robust edge-like states of a single ultracold atom in a two-dimensional optical ribbon. We show that these states can be engineered either within the manifold of local ground states of the sites forming the ribbon, or of states carrying one unit of angular momentum. In the former case, we show that the implementation of edge-like states can be extended to other geometries, such as tilted square lattices. In the latter case, we suggest to use the winding number associated to the angular momentum as a synthetic dimension.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

The hydrological response of baseflow in fractured mountain areas

The study of baseflow in mountainous areas of basin headwaters, where the characteristics of the often fractured materials are very different to the standard issues concerning porous material applied in conventional hydrogeology, is an essential element in the characterization and quantification of water system resources. Their analysis through recession fragments provides information on the type of response of the sub-surface and subterranean systems and on the average relation between the storage and discharge of aquifers, starting from the joining of these fragments into a single curve, the Master Recession Curve (MRC). This paper presents the generation of the downward MRC over fragments selected after a preliminary analysis of the recession curves, using a hydrological model as the methodology for the identification and the characterization of quick sub-surface flows flowing through fractured materials. The hydrological calculation has identified recession fragments through surface runoff or snowmelt and those periods of intense evapotranspiration. The proposed methodology has been applied to three sub-basins belonging to a high altitude mountain basin in the Mediterranean area, with snow present every year, and their results were compared with those for the upward concatenation of the recession fragments. The results show the existence of two different responses, one quick (at the sub-surface, through the fractured material) and the other slow, with linear behaviour which takes place in periods of 10 and 17 days respectively and which is linked to the dimensions of the sub-basin. In addition, recesses belonging to the dry season have been selected in order to compare and validate the results corresponding to the study of recession fragments. The comparison, using these two methodologies, which differ in the time period selected, has allowed us to validate the results obtained for the slow flow

Evolución tecto-sedimentaria olugo-miocénica del SO de la fosa de Ciudad Rodrigo. Salamanca

Durante el Oligoceno-Mioceno Inferior, la sedimentación en el borde suroeste de la Fosa de Ciudad Rodrigo estuvo controlada por un complejo sistema de fracturas que rejugaron independientemente en las distintas fases tectónicas intraterciarias,. cu-y a actuación se ha deducido a partir de un exhaustivo control de la estratigrafía de la región. Para ello, fue necesario definir una unidad litoestratigráfica (Formación Arcosas de la Alamedilla) y dividirla en cinco tramos reconocibles en el área de trabajo. El estudio sedimentológico de cada uno de los tramos (análisis granulométricos, minerales pesados, paleocorrientes, análisis secuencial y de facies etc.) permitió deducir el tipo de área fuente que se estaba desmantelando en cada momento y su localización geográfica. Al relacionar los resultados estratigráficos, sedimentológicos y tectónicos se observa que cada tramo se deposita en respuesta a una fase tectónica determinada y que la arquitectura fluvial resultante está controlada por la geometría de la cuenca sedimentaria existente en cada momento y el carácter estacionaldel clima

A large sample analysis of European rivers on seasonal river flow correlation and its physical drivers

The geophysical and hydrological processes governing river flow formation exhibit persistence at several timescales, which may manifest itself with the presence of positive seasonal correlation of streamflow at several different time lags. We investigate here how persistence propagates along subsequent seasons and affects low and high flows. We define the high-flow season (HFS) and the low-flow season (LFS) as the 3-month and the 1-month periods which usually exhibit the higher and lower river flows, respectively. A dataset of 224 rivers from six European countries spanning more than 50 years of daily flow data is exploited. We compute the lagged seasonal correlation between selected river flow signatures, in HFS and LFS, and the average river flow in the antecedent months. Signatures are peak and average river flow for HFS and LFS, respectively. We investigate the links between seasonal streamflow correlation and various physiographic catchment characteristics and hydro-climatic properties. We find persistence to be more intense for LFS signatures than HFS. To exploit the seasonal correlation in the frequency estimation of high and low flows, we fit a bi-variate meta-Gaussian probability distribution to the selected flow signatures and average flow in the antecedent months in order to condition the distribution of high and low flows in the HFS and LFS, respectively, upon river flow observations in the previous months. The benefit of the suggested methodology is demonstrated by updating the frequency distribution of high and low flows one season in advance in a real-world case. Our findings suggest that there is a traceable physical basis for river memory which, in turn, can be statistically assimilated into high- and low-flow frequency estimation to reduce uncertainty and improve predictions for technical purposes

Analysis of Oligonucleotides by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Because of the high molecular weights and thermal lability of biomolecules such as nucleic acids and protein, they can be difficult to analyze by mass spectrometry. Such analyses require a “soft” ionization method that is capable of generating intact molecular ions. In addition, most mass analyzers have a limited upper mass range that is not sufficient for studying these large molecules. ESI‐MS can be used to analyze molecules with a molecular weight that is larger than the mass‐to‐charge ratio limit of the analyzer. This unit describes how ESI allows for analysis of high‐molecular‐weight compounds through the generation of multiply charged ions in the gas phase. It discusses analyzer configurations, solvent selection, and gives protocols for sample preparation. For applications of ESI‐MS, the unit discusses molecular weight determination and gives protocols for sequencing and for analyzing oligonucleotide modifications.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143640/1/cpnc1002.pd

Evolución tecto-sedimentaria olugo-miocénica del SO de la fosa de Ciudad Rodrigo. Salamanca

Durante el Oligoceno-Mioceno Inferior, la sedimentación en el borde suroeste de la Fosa de Ciudad Rodrigo estuvo controlada por un complejo sistema de fracturas que rejugaron independientemente en las distintas fases tectónicas intraterciarias,. cu-y a actuación se ha deducido a partir de un exhaustivo control de la estratigrafía de la región. Para ello, fue necesario definir una unidad litoestratigráfica (Formación Arcosas de la Alamedilla) y dividirla en cinco tramos reconocibles en el área de trabajo. El estudio sedimentológico de cada uno de los tramos (análisis granulométricos, minerales pesados, paleocorrientes, análisis secuencial y de facies etc.) permitió deducir el tipo de área fuente que se estaba desmantelando en cada momento y su localización geográfica. Al relacionar los resultados estratigráficos, sedimentológicos y tectónicos se observa que cada tramo se deposita en respuesta a una fase tectónica determinada y que la arquitectura fluvial resultante está controlada por la geometría de la cuenca sedimentaria existente en cada momento y el carácter estacionaldel clima

Computing Black Hole entropy in Loop Quantum Gravity from a Conformal Field Theory perspective

Motivated by the analogy proposed by Witten between Chern-Simons and Conformal Field Theories, we explore an alternative way of computing the entropy of a black hole starting from the isolated horizon framework in Loop Quantum Gravity. The consistency of the result opens a window for the interplay between Conformal Field Theory and the description of black holes in Loop Quantum Gravity.Comment: 9 page

Thermal Excitation of Broadband and Long-range Surface Waves on SiO 2 Submicron Films

We detect thermally excited surfaces waves on a submicron SiO 2 layer, including Zenneck and guided modes in addition to Surface Phonon Polaritons. The measurements show the existence of these hybrid thermal-electromagnetic waves from near-(2.7 $\mu$m) to far-(11.2 $\mu$m) infrared. Their propagation distances reach values on the order of the millimeter, several orders of magnitude larger than on semi-infinite systems. These two features, spectral broadness and long range propagation, make these waves good candidates for near-field applications both in optics and thermics due to their dual nature.Comment: Applied Physics Letters, American Institute of Physics, 201