Historia de las investigaciones paleolíticas en la provincia de Valladolid: el caso Mucientes

En este trabajo se aborda un repaso a la historia de la investigación sobre el Paleolítico en el territorio de la actual provincia de Valladolid, desde sus comienzos hasta el desarrollo de las últimas líneas de trabajo abiertas actualmente. Además, se evalúa la problemática de los conjuntos líticos del entorno de Mucientes, una de las zonas más singulares, ricas y complejas en el panorama de la arqueología provincial.This work introduces a revision of the research on the Palaeolithic carried out in the territory of the present province of Valladolid, from its beginnings to the work avenues opened to date. Besides, special attention is paid to the problematic in which the lithic assemblages recovered in the area of Mucientes (one of the most singular and complex issues in the archaeology of Valladolid) are involved

Comparison between Different Prescription Methods for Aerobic Training in Young Adults

Anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation are used to determine the intensity of aerobic exercise. This study aims to compare heart rate values relative to the percentages of 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, a comparison calculated through the reserve heart rate (HRR) and reserve oxygen consumption (VO2R) equations corresponding to the oxygen consumption obtained by the direct method. The sample was composed of 11 men and 10 women: mean age, 21.4 2.8 years. Volunteers performed a maximal treadmill test in which oxygen uptake was measured using the VO2000® metabolic analyzer. The mean body fat percentage was 15.68 8.02% corresponding to a lean body mass of 54.8 13.0 kg and a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of 56.0 8.4 mL/Kg min-1. The measured intensities (50%, 60%, 70% and 80% of VO2max) presented significant differences (p < 0.05) for each reference value. Mean values calculated by the HRR equation demonstrated a tendency to underestimate the intensities, while the values calculated by the VO2R equation showed a tendency to overestimate the intensities. As the main conclusion, it is pointed out that both methods were effective for determining the intensity of aerobic training. However, they presented significant differences, and the equations should be adjusted to increase precision. Thus, the use of HRR is recommended for the determination of training intensities

El origen del Achelense: un estado de la cuestión

Tras abordar un repaso a las principales corrientes metodológicas y taxonómicas en las que se ha enmarcado el estudio del tecno-complejo achelense, este artículo pretende hacer hincapié en las nuevas rutas por las que parece conveniente transitar en un futuro si queremos ampliar nuestros conocimientos sobre este fenómeno. La superación del paradigma del fósil guía constituye un reto de gran importancia, para el que será necesario abordar análisis que integren las vertientes tecnológica, regional, económica, funcional y experimental del registro.After reviewing the main methodological and taxonimic approaches related to the study of the Acheulean techno-complex, this paper tries to pinpoint those research avenues in which further work needs to be done in order to better understand the Acheulean. This work argues that it is of utmost importance to overcome the dominance of fossil-type paradigm. Integrative technological, regional, economical, functional, and experimental analyses will be vital to this effort

The Early Paleolithic in the Duero basin: the Ecological Unit of Plateaus

The aim of this paper is to summarize or study of the Paleolithic remains retrieved from the Ecological Unit of Plateaus, divided in plateaus and valleys. The lithic remains of both environments have been collected by different survey strategies. Unlike the valleys, we have undertaken an intense and complex survey program in the plateaus, accompanied by a rigorous control of the taphonomic processes that have influenced the formation of the lithic assemblages. The regional settlement pattern observed in the plateaus has provided a perfect opportunity to test the techno-economical interpretations that allow us to link and explain the technological variability of the Ecological Unit of Plateaus.El objetivo de este trabajo es la síntesis arqueológica de los restos paleolíticos recuperados en la Unidad Ecológica de Páramos, a su vez, dividida en páramos y valles. Las series líticas de ambos ambientes han sido recogidas mediante desiguales estrategias de prospección. A diferencia de los valles, en los páramos hemos realizado una intensa y compleja labor de prospección, acompañada de un riguroso control de los procesos tafonómicos que han incidido en la formación de los conjuntos líticos. La extensión regional del modelo de ocupación llevado a cabo en los páramos ha resultado ser una perfecta oportunidad para ensayar interpretaciones de corte tecno-económico que nos permiten relacionar y explicar la variabilidad tecnológica que registra esta Unidad Ecológica

Examining the accumulated oxygen deficit method in breaststroke swimming

The present study investigated the accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) method in breaststroke swimming with the aims to assess the reliability of the oxygen uptake/swimming velocity regression line and to quantify the precision of the AOD. Sixteen male swimmers performed two swimming tests in different days, with a 24-h recovery between tests: a graded swimming test and an all-out test. The all-out test was performed in one of two distances: 100 m (n = 7) or 200 m (n = 9). Through all testing, expired gases were collected breath by breath and analysed with a K4b2 Gas Analyser (Cosmed, Rome, Italy) connected to an AquaTrainer Valve (Cosmed, Rome, Italy). The standard error of the regression lines was approximately 5-6 ml kg(-1) min(-1) and the regressions allowed an extrapolation of the energy cost to higher intensities with a standard error of the predicted value that was lower in the 200-m bout (approximately 3.5 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) comparatively to the 100-m bout (approximately 6 ml kg(-1) min(-1)). The AOD imprecision was calculated as the square root of the sum of the oxygen uptake measurement error and the standard error of the predicted value for energy cost. AOD imprecision was smaller in the 200-m bout (approximately 9 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) comparatively to the 100-m bout (approximately 12 ml kg(-1) min(-1)). However, since the AOD values during the two distances were small, the AOD relative errors can be viewed as high. Additionally, the data variability was considerable (95% confidence intervals of the linear extrapolation larger than 20 ml kg(-1) min(-1)).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Análise de Riscos pelo Uso de Métodos Ágeis na Gestão de Projetos de Desenvolvimento de Software

Agile Methodologies (AM) are offering improvements on several aspects of software development projects. However, its application involves risks, which are higher for some organizations and software projects. The objective of this work is to identify the main risks of applying AM in software development companies. The work involved an exploratory and qualitative research carried out by open and semi structured interviews with software project managers. Results show that many different risks can occur and with different impact on software projects. However, the main reasons behind all sort of risks are due to two aspects: (i) client involvement and (ii) experience and knowledge with agile practices.Métodos Ágeis (MA) têm promovido melhorias em diversos aspectos da gestão de projetos de desenvolvimento de software. No entanto, sua aplicação envolve riscos, que podem ser maiores em certas organizações ou contextos de projetos de software. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os principais riscos pela utilização de MA em empresas desenvolvedoras de software. O trabalho foi desenvolvido como pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, com entrevistas abertas e semiestruturadas, com líderes de projetos de software. Resultados do trabalho mostram que diferentes tipos de riscos e impactos podem ocorrer em projetos ágeis. No entanto, as conclusões indicam que são apenas duas as principais causas de riscos: (i) engajamento de clientes e (ii) experiência e conhecimento com práticas ágeis

Experimental and Clinical Treatment of Chagas Disease : A Review

Altres ajuts: This study was supported by the European Comission under the Health Innovation Work Program of the 7th Framework Program and by CAPES/Brasil, Programa Ciencia Sem Fronteiras and Professor ˆ Visitante Nacional Senior. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The authors have no conflict of interests.Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi that infects a broad range of triatomines and mammalian species, including man. It afflicts 8 million people in Latin America, and its incidence is increasing in nonendemic countries owing to rising international immigration and nonvectorial transmission routes such as blood donation. Since the 1960s, the only drugs available for the clinical treatment of this infection have been benznidazole (BZ) and nifurtimox (NFX). Treatment with these trypanocidal drugs is recommended in both the acute and chronic phases of CD. These drugs have low cure rates mainly during the chronic phase, in addition both drugs present side effects that may result in the interruption of the treatment. Thus, more efficient and better-tolerated new drugs or pharmaceutical formulations containing BZ or NFX are urgently needed. Here, we review the drugs currently used for CD chemotherapy, ongoing clinical assays, and most-promising new experimental drugs. In addition, the mechanism of action of the commercially available drugs, NFX and BZ, the biodistribution of the latter, and the potential for novel formulations of BZ based on nanotechnology are discussed. Taken together, the literature emphasizes the urgent need for new therapies for acute and chronic CD

Karst: a very diverse concept

La gran diversidad intrínseca del karst y la variedad de campos científicos desde los que ha sido estudiado este medio ha generado un espectacular aumento de su conocimiento. Ese avance ha venido acompañado también de nuevas incógnitas y nuevos planteamientos. El presente trabajo trata de recoger una pequeña muestra de esa amplia diversidad, asociada a un elevado grado de especialización, que de forma integrada permite completar el puzzle del karst. Inicialmente, se presenta una revisión sintética del concepto de karst, del proceso de karstificación y de las morfologías asociadas al mismo. Seguidamente, y planteado a partir de una serie de interrogantes, se muestran algunos aspectos y curiosidades relacionadas con el karst. Las características microclimáticas subterráneas, el karst no tradicional o los depósitos y mineralizaciones asociados al karst, son algunos de los temas que se incluyen en este trabajo y que puede interesar a los docentes que imparten docencia sobre el karst.The great intrinsic diversity of karst and the variety of scientific fields in which it has been studied has generated a dramatic increase in our knowledge about it. This advance has also been accompanied by new questions and issues that open the door to new approaches. Our work intends to show a small sample of the wide diversity, often associated with a high degree of specialization, which allows completing the karst puzzle. In the first place, this paper provides a synthetic review of the concept of karst, the karstification process and the morphologies associated with it. Next, starting with a few questions, it shows some aspects and curiosities related to karst. The features of the underground microclimate, the non-traditional karst or deposits and mineralization associated with karst, are some of the topics included in this work, which can be interesting for the teachers dealing with the topic of karst in their classes

Estrategias de talla en Cueva Corazón (Mave, Palencia). Un yacimiento del Musteriense Antiguo en las estribaciones meridionales de la Cordillera Cantábrica

This article presents a study of the lithic record recently retrieved from Cueva Corazón in the context of a new research projects initiated in 2005. We have detected a variety of long, albeit highly fragmented, operational sequences. A remarkable technological standardization has also been observed, a trait clearly related to the use of good quality raw materials. These observations allow the inference of a complex web of territorial and social interactions. Moreover, Cueva Corazón, due to its chronology and strategic location, can become a future reference point for the study of the Early Mousterian on both sides of the Cantabrian Range.Este artículo estudia el registro lítico de Cueva Corazón en el marco de un proyecto de investigación iniciado en 2005. Hemos detectado una variedad y alargamiento de cadenas operativas líticas, frecuentemente fragmentadas, y una elevada estandarización tecnológica asociada a elaboradas estrategias de captación de materias primas de buena calidad. Este hecho permite inferir una complejidad de las redes territoriales y sociales. Por otro lado, su cronología y posición estratégica hacen de este enclave un lugar excepcional para conocer el Musteriense antiguo en ambos lados de la cordillera cantábrica

Applicability of body adiposity index in estimating body fat of young brazilian women

introduction: the estimation of body composition is an important study field in the prognosis and diagnosis of degenerative diseases. objective: to analyze the applicability of the body Adiposity index (bAi) and the skinfold thickness method. methods: the sample consisted of 19 young adult women with a mean age 24.53 ± 2.65 years, who underwent anthropometric measurements (circumferences and skinfold thickness) and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (dexA). the estimated values were compared to the reference value by using the paired t test and by analysis of the level of association between the methods through the pearson correlation. the level of significance was p0.05) with a strong association level (r = 0.879). conclusion: Although the bAi does not show difference to the estimated values, it is clear that further studies on the applicability of the method in the brazilian population are necessary.Introdução: A estimativa da composição corporal é um campo de estudo importante no prognóstico e diagnóstico de enfermidades degenerativas. Objetivo: Analisar a aplicabilidade do Índice de adiposidade corporal (IAC) e o método de dobras cutâneas. Métodos: A amostra foi constituída por 19 adultas jovens com média de idade 24,53 ± 2,65 anos, submetidas à avaliação antropométrica (circunferências e dobras cutâneas) e absorsiometria por dupla emissão de raio X (DXA). Os valores estimados foram comparados ao valor de referência por meio do teste t pareado e pela análise do nível de associação entre os métodos pela correlação de Pearson; o nível de significância foi p 0,05) com nível de associação forte (r = 0,879). Conclusão: Embora o IAC não apresente diferença para os valores estimados, fica evidente a necessidade de mais estudos sobre a aplicabilidade do método na população brasileira