Nuevo diseño gráfico y estructural sobre cartón ondulado en España

Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Bellas Artes, Departamento de Dibujo I (Dibujo y Grabado), leída el 6-10-1994Depto. de Dibujo y GrabadoFac. de Bellas ArtesTRUEpu

Dependence of Oak-Related Volatile Compounds on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Barrel-Aged Wines

U ovom je radu ispitan utjecaj nekih fizikalno-kemijskih značajka, kao što su hlapljiva kiselost, titracijska kiselost, pH-vrijednost, udjel slobodnog SO2 i alkohola na akumulaciju hlapljivih spojeva u vinima odležalim u hrastovim bačvama. Pokušala se razriješiti kontradiktornost dobivenih rezultata u usporedbi s rezultatima drugih autora. Upotrijebljene su tri različite sorte vina, što su odležale 12 mjeseci u bačvama sličnih osobina (iz iste bačvarije, od istoga drveta, jednako tostirane, tj. paljene i istoga volumena), a pokus je ponovljen tijekom dvije uzastopne godine. Rezultati pokazuju da su volumni udjel alkohola u vinu i njegova titracijska kiselost u pozitivnoj korelaciji s konačnom koncentracijom vanilina i gvajacilnih spojeva u dozrelim vinima, a u negativnoj korelaciji sa cis- i trans-β-metil-γ-oktalaktonom. Stoga se pri ispitivanju utjecaja osobina hrastovih bačava (porijeklo i sezona rasta hrasta, veličina bačve, učestalost korištenja itd.) na koncentraciju hlapljivih spojeva u vinu također trebaju uzeti u obzir fizikalno-kemijske značajke vina, osobito titracijska kiselost i volumni udjel alkohola, jer konačna aroma vina ovisi i o tim značajkama.This paper focuses on the effect of some of the physicochemical characteristics of wines such as volatile acidity, titratable acidity, pH, free SO2 and alcohol content on the accumulation of oak-related volatile compounds in barrel-aged wines, in order to give more light on the contradictory results found by other authors in this respect. For this, three different single variety wines were aged for twelve months in barrels with the same characteristics (same cooperage, wood origin, toasting level and volume), repeating the experiment in two consecutive years. Our results show that the percentage of wine alcohol and its titratable acidity positively correlated with the final concentration of vanillin and guaiacyl compounds in the oak-matured wines and negatively with the cis- and trans-β-methyl-γ-octalactone concentration. Therefore, when studying the effect of oak barrel variables (oak origin and seasoning, size of the barrel, number of uses, etc.) on the concentration of oak-related volatile compounds in wine, the effect of the physicochemical variables of the wine, especially titratable acidity and alcohol content, should also be taken into account since the final wine aroma composition will also depend on these characteristics

A Review on the Degradation Implementation for the Operation of Battery Energy Storage Systems

A naive battery operation optimization attempts to maximize short-term profits. However, it has been shown that this approach does not optimize long-term profitability, as it neglects battery degradation. Since a battery can perform a limited number of cycles during its lifetime, it may be better to operate the battery only when profits are on the high side. Researchers have dealt with this issue using various strategies to restrain battery usage, reducing short-term benefits in exchange for an increase in long-term profits. Determining this operation restraint is a topic scarcely developed in the literature. It is common to arbitrarily quantify degradation impact into short-term operation, which has proven to have an extensive impact on long-term results. This paper carries out a critical review of different methods of degradation control for short-time operation. A classification of different practices found in the literature is presented. Strengths and weaknesses of each approach are pointed out, and future possible contributions to this topic are remarked upon. The most common methodology is implemented in a simulation for demonstration purposes.This research received no external funding.Publicad

Strength plus Endurance Training and Individualized Diet Reduce Fat Mass in Overweight Subjects:A Randomized Clinical Trial

Studies with overweight people are a priority in order to observe the effect of the timing of intervention on pre-obesity people. The aim was to compare different physical activity programs plus an individualized hypocaloric diet on body composition in overweight subjects. A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in overweight adults with no history of relevant illness. Primary outcome was total fat mass (TFM). Participants were allocated into four activity programs with equal intensity and volume of exercise for 22 weeks: strength training (S), endurance training (E), strength + endurance training (SE), and 'adhering to physical activity recommendations' (C). Participants followed a diet with 25% less energy (50%-55% carbohydrates, 30%-35% fat) measured by accelerometer. Variables were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. One hundred nineteen from 205 subjects were randomized in the four exercise groups (S = 30/E = 30/SE = 30/C = 29) and 84 participants (36 men/48 women) ended the intervention (S = 19/E = 25/SE = 22/C = 18). At the end of the experiment, all groups except C increased their total physical activity (S = 1159 ± 1740; E = 1625 ± 1790; SE = 1699 ± 2516; C = 724 ± 1979 MET-min/week). Using an ANOVA-test, improvements were observed in body weight (S = -4.6 ± 4.5; E = -6.6 ± 4.6; SE = -8.5 ± 2.8; C = -6.1 ± 5.6 kg, p = 0.059) and TFM (S = -4.24 ± 2.02; E = -4.74 ± 2.96; SE = -6.74 ± 3.27; C = -3.94 ± 4.18%; p < 0.05). The main conclusion was that there were no adverse events. Strength and endurance training with a balanced, individualized hypocaloric diet was the most effective at reducing weight loss and fat mass in overweight subjects. Trial registration: NCT01116856

El curso de conocimientos previos y la acción tutorial: reflexiones desde la práctica

ABSTRACTThis document describes the activities developed in the “Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Aeronáutica” (E.U.I.T.A.) at the “Universidad Politécnica de Madrid” (U.P.M.) in order to improve the cuality of the educat process for students in their first university year. The related activities have included a knowledge review course before the beginning of the normal classes and a tutorial action plan during the full first year. A comprehensive set of tests and interviews have also been administered to measure the effectiveness actions in the selected student group compared with the rest of students in their first year. The results have been quite positive, especially in the area of motivating the students in the study of the different subjects of the first year.RESUMENSe describen las acciones desarrolladas en la “Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Aeronáutica” (E.U.I.T.A.) de la “Universidad Politécnica de Madrid” (U.P.M.) para mejorar la calidad del proceso educativo de los estudiantes en su primer año en la universidad. Este proyecto incluye un curso de revisión de conocimientos antes del comienzo de las clases lectivas y un plan de acción tutorial durante este primer año. Se han realizado una serie completa de pruebas y entrevistas para medir su efectividad y se han comparado los resultados del grupo seleccionado con los del resto de alumnos de nuevo ingreso. Los resultados, han sido muy positivos, en especial a la hora de aumentar la motivación de los estudiantes en el estudio de las distintas asignaturas del primer curso.ABSTRACTThis document describes the activities developed in the “Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Aeronáutica” (E.U.I.T.A.) at the “Universidad Politécnica de Madrid” (U.P.M.) in order to improve the cuality of the educat process for students in their first university year. The related activities have included a knowledge review course before the beginning of the normal classes and a tutorial action plan during the full first year. A comprehensive set of tests and interviews have also been administered to measure the effectiveness actions in the selected student group compared with the rest of students in their first year. The results have been quite positive, especially in the area of motivating the students in the study of the different subjects of the first year

Post-fire Management Effects on Sediment (Dis)Connectivity in Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems: Channel and Catchment Response

[Abstract] Forest fires and post-fire practices influence sediment connectivity (SC). In this study, we use the ‘aggregated index of connectivity’ (AIC) to assess SC in five Mediterranean catchments (198–1090 ha) affected by a wildfire in 2012 in south-eastern Spain. Two temporal scenarios were considered, immediately after the fire and before post-fire management, and 2 years after the fire including all practices (hillslope barriers, check-dams, afforestation, salvage logging and skid trails). One LiDAR (light detection and ranging)-derived digital elevation model (DEM, 2 m × 2 m resolution) was generated, per scenario. The five catchment outlets were established as the computation target (AICоᴜᴛ), and structural and functional SC were calculated. Index outputs were normalized to make the results of the non-nested catchments comparable (AICɴ₋оᴜᴛ). The output analysis includes the SC distribution along the catchments and at local scale (929 sub-catchments, 677 in the burned area), the hillslope and channel measures' effect on SC, and a sedimentological analysis using observed area-specific sediment yield (SSY) at 10 new (built after post-fire practices) concrete check-dams located in the catchments (SSY = 1.94 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹; σ = 1.22). The catchments with more circular shapes and steeper slopes were those with higher AICɴ₋оᴜᴛ. The structural SC maps – removing the rainfall erosivity influence – allowed evaluating the actual role played by the post-fire practices that reduced SC (x̅ = − 1.19%; σ = 0.41); while functional SC was linked to the actual change of SC (x̅ = + 5.32%; σ = 0.62). Hillslope treatments resulted in significant changes on AICɴ₋оᴜᴛ at sub-catchment scale with certain disconnectivity. A good and positive correlation was found between the SSY and the changes of AICɴ₋оᴜᴛ. However, the coarse DEM resolution explained the lack of effect of the rock check-dams – located on the secondary channels – on AICɴ₋оᴜᴛ. AICɴ₋оᴜᴛ proved to be a useful tool for decision making in post-fire restoration, but an optimal input data is still necessary to refine calculations.European Cooperation in Science and Technology; CA18135Gobierno de Castilla-la Mancha; Sbply/16/180501/ 000109This study was supported by funds provided to the VIS4FIRE Spanish R&D project (RTA2017-00042-C05-00) co-funded by the “Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria” (INIA) and FEDER programme. This study was done in the frame of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) action CA18135 ‘FIRElinks’ (Fire in the Earth System:Science & Society). J. González-Romero holds a scholarship (Sbply/16/180501/000109) from the Regional Government of Castilla-La Mancha/European Social Fund (ESF, EU)

Post-fire Management Effects on Hillslope-Stream Sediment Connectivity in a Mediterranean Forest Ecosystem

[Abstract] Forest fires intensify sediment transport and aggravate local and off-site consequences of soil erosion. This study evaluates the influence of post-fire measures on structural and functional sediment connectivity (SC) in five fire-affected Mediterranean catchments, which include 929 sub-catchments, by using the “aggregated index of connectivity” (AIC) at two temporal scenarios: I) immediately after the fire and before implementing post-fire practices (‘Pre-man’), and II) two years after the fire (‘Post-man’). The latter includes all the emergency stabilization practices, that are hillslope barriers, check-dams and afforestation. The stream system was set as the target of the computation (STR), to be representative of intense rainfall-runoff events with effective sediment delivery outside the catchments. Output normalization (AICN) allows comparing the results of the five basins between them. The sedimentological analysis is based on specific sediment yield (SSY) –measured at the check-dams installed after the fire –, and this data is used for output evaluation. Stream density and slope variables were the most influential factors on AICN-STR results at the sub-catchment scale. Post-fire hillslope treatments (barriers when built in high densities and afforestation) significantly reduced AICN-STR in comparison with untreated areas in both structural and functional approaches. Despite the presence of hillslope treatments, the higher erosive rainfall conditions resulted in higher AICN-STR values in the Post-man scenario (functional approach). A positive and good correlation was found between the measured SSY and the AICN-STR changes due to the post-fire practices and vegetation recovery, showing the good correspondence of the computation results and the real sediment dynamics of the studied catchments. Overall, AICN demonstrated to be a useful and versatile tool for post-fire management, which needs further research to optimize its applicability.The authors thank the Regional Government of Castilla-La Mancha (Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha) for supporting the study and providing information about the undertaken measures in the burned area. This study was supported by funds provided to the VIS4FIRE Spanish R&D project (RTA 2017-00042-C05-00) co-funded by the “Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria” (INIA) and FEDER programme. This study was done in the frame of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) action CA18135 ‘FIRElinks’ (Fire in the Earth System: Science & Society). J. González-Romero holds a postdoctoral contract supported by the European Social Fund (ESF, EU). The authors declare no conflict of interest. E. Peña holds a scholarship (2020-PREUCLM-16032) from the UCLM and the European Social Fund (FSE). Pedro Antonio Plaza Álvarez holds a predoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU16/03296)Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; 2020-PREUCLM-1603

A nonsynonymous FCER1B SNP is associated with risk of developing allergic rhinitis and with IgE levels

Allergic rhinitis is associated with elevated serum IgE levels. IgE response is mediated by the highaffinity IgE receptor (FcεRI), which is polymorphic. Studies analyzing the association between allergic rhinitis and FcεRI variants have been conducted with controversial results. The objective of this study is to analyze, in 1,041 individuals, the putative clinical association of allergic rhinitis with common polymorphisms in FcεRI subunits genes. These SNPs included FECR1A rs2494262, rs2427837 and rs2251746; FECR1B rs1441586, rs569108 and rs512555; FCER1G rs11587213, rs2070901 and rs11421. Statistically significant differences were observed for the FCER1B rs569108 and rs512555 polymorphisms frequencies when comparing patients with allergic rhinitis without asthma and controls. The OR (95% CI) value for the 237Gly allele (rs569108) is equal to 0.26 (0.08–0.86, P = 0.017) and for the G allele (rs512555) it is equal to 0.27 (0.08–0.88, P = 0.020). These two SNPs are linked (D’ = 1.0, LOD = 56.05). Also observed was a statistically significant trend towards lower IgE values among allergic rhinitis patients with variant alleles for both SNPs. In conclusion, in patients with allergic rhinitis without asthma, the FCER1B rs569108 and rs512555 polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of developing allergic rhinitis and with lower IgE levels.Trabajo financiado por: Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria. Becas PI12/00241, PI12/00324 y RETICS RD12/0013/0002 Junta de Extremadura y Fondos FEDER. Ayuda GR15026peerReviewe

Economic Valuation of Mining Heritage from a Recreational Approach: Application to the Case of El Soplao Cave in Spain (Geosite UR004)

Heritage tourism can increase incomes and stimulate the economy in former mining areas. Recreational tourism is one of the main sources of value of heritage. People from urban areas are willing to pay for access to these tourism options. The measurement of the economic impact of this availability is one of the main problems to confront, due to the immeasurable possibilities of heritage resources. The use of non-market values and their estimation by means of revealed preference methods should help to assess the economic value of this sort of resources from a recreational perspective. The travel cost method (TCM) is widely used to value areas with recreational uses, such as lakes, beaches or forests, but there are not references to previous applications of this methodology in the field of mining heritage. In this work, TCM has been applied to obtain the economic value of El Soplao Cave (Geosite UR004, Cantabria, Spain) as a recreational site, providing an estimated result of 34,961,162 euros

PEG-copolymer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles that avoid the reticuloendothelial system and act as kidney MRI contrast agents

In vitro experiments have shown the great potential of magnetic nanocarriers for multimodal imaging diagnosis and non-invasive therapies. However, their extensive clinical application is still jeopardized by a fast retention in the reticuloendothelial system (RES). The other issue that restrains their potential performance is slow degradation and excretion, which increases their risks of toxicity. We report a promising case in which multicore iron oxide nanoparticles coated with a poly(4-vinylpyridine) polyethylene glycol copolymer show low RES retention and high urinary excretion, as confirmed by single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), gamma counting, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electron microscopy (EM) biodistribution studies. These iron oxide-copolymer nanoparticles have a high PEG density in their coating which may be responsible for this effect. Moreover, they show a clear negative contrast in the MR imaging of the kidneys. These nanoparticles with an average hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 20 nm were nevertheless able to cross the glomerulus wall which has an effective pore size of approximately 6 nm. A transmission electron microscopy inspection of kidney tissue revealed the presence of iron containing nanoparticle clusters in proximal tubule cells. This therefore makes them exceptionally useful as magnetic nanocarriers and as new MRI contrast agents for the kidneys.Financial support by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MAT2014-52069-R) (SAF2014-53413-R) (PC2015-1-05 (53-80)) is gratefully acknowledged.Peer reviewe