Mars EXpress: status and recent findings

Mars Express has entered its second decade in orbit in excellent health. The mission extension in 2015-2016 aims at augmenting of the surface coverage by imaging and spectral imaging instruments, continuing monitoring of the climate parameters and their variability, study of the upper atmosphere and its interaction with the solar wind in collaboration with NASA's MAVEN mission. Characterization of geological processes and landforms on Mars on a local-to-regional scale by HRSC camera constrained the martian geological activity in space and time and suggested its episodicity. Six years of spectro-imaging observations by OMEGA allowed correction of the surface albedo for presence of the atmospheric dust and revealed changes associated with the dust storm seasons. Imaging and spectral imaging of the surface shed light on past and present aqueous activity and contributed to the selection of the Mars-2018 landing sites. More than a decade long record of climatological parameters such as temperature, dust loading, water vapor, and ozone abundance was established by SPICAM and PFS spectrometers. Observed variations of HDO/H2O ratio above the subliming North polar cap suggested seasonal fractionation. The distribution of aurora was found to be related to the crustal magnetic field. ASPERA observations of ion escape covering a complete solar cycle revealed important dependences of the atmospheric erosion rate on parameters of the solar wind and EUV flux. Structure of the ionosphere sounded by MARSIS radar and MaRS radio science experiment was found to be significantly affected by the solar activity, crustal magnetic field as well as by influx of meteorite and cometary dust. The new atlas of Phobos based on the HRSC imaging was issued. The talk will give the mission status and review recent science highlights

Mars Express science highlights and future plans

International audienceAfter 18 years in orbit Mars Express remains one of ESA's most scientifically productive Solar System missions, with a publication record now exceeding 1450 papers. Characterization of the surface geology on a local-to-regional scale by HRSC, OMEGA and partner experiments on NASA spacecraft has allowed constraining land-forming processes in space and time. Recent studies characterized the geology of Jezero crater in great detail and provided Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of several equatorial regions at 50 m/px resolution. New maps and catalogues of surface minerals with 200 m/px resolution were released. MARSIS radar published new observations and analysis of the multiple subglacial water bodies underneath the Southern polar cap. Modelling suggested that the "ponds" can be composed of hypersaline perchlorate brines. Spectrometers and imagers SPICAM, PFS, OMEGA, HRSC and VMC continue adding to the longest record of atmospheric parameters such as temperature, dust loading, water vapor and ozone abundance, water ice and CO2 clouds distribution and observing transient phenomena. More than 27,000 ozone profiles derived from SPICAM UV spectra obtained in MY#26 through MY#28 were assimilated in the OpenMARS database. A new PFS "scan" mode of the spacecraft was designed and implemented to investigate diurnal variations of the atmospheric parameters. Observations of Tharsis region and Hellas basin contribute to mesoscale meteorology. ASPERA measurements together with MAVEN "deep dip" data enabled assessment of the conditions that lead to the formation of the dayside ionopause in the regions with and without strong crustal magnetic fields suggesting that the ionopause occurs where the total ionospheric pressure (magnetic + thermal) equals the upstream solar wind dynamic pressure. In 2021 Mars Express successfully performed two types of novel observations. In egress-only radio-occultations a two-way radio link was locked at a tangent altitude of about 50 km. This is well below the ionospheric peak and would allow perfect sounding of the entire ionosphere thus doubling the number of ionospheric soundings. MEX and TGO performed several test UHF occultations. The dual-spacecraft radio-occultation technique would allow much broader spatial distribution of the mission's radio occultation profiles. Mars Express is extended till the end of 2022. A science case for the mission extension till the end of 2025 will be developed and submitted in March 2022. The talk will give the Mars Express status, review the recent science highlights, and outline future plans including synergistic science with TGO and other missions

Sistematización de Experiencias en el Ejercicio Profesional Supervisado -EPS-, realizado en barrio El Milagro, Mazatenango, Suchitepéquez

La sistematización de experiencias del ejercicio profesional supervisado -EPS-, realizada por la estudiante Arelis Elizabeth Rodríguez Rodríguez, carné 200941543 de la carrera de Trabajo social del Centro Universitario de Sur Occidente –CUNSUROC–, de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala –USAC– con sede en Mazatenango, Suchitepéquez. Como requisito previo a realizar el Examen General Público para optar al título de Trabajadora Social en grado de Licenciada. El informe de sistematización de experiencias se encuentra organizado en siete apartados. En el primero se abordan los temas de desarrollo, concepción del desarrollo, visiones, teorías o paradigmas, modelos, gestión, concepto, autogestión, cogestión y gestión del desarrollo. En el segundo apartado se da a conocer el análisis del contexto en aspectos como: historia, demografía, proyectos en ejecución, recursos naturales, medios de transporte y comunicación, infraestructura, costumbres, religión, condición de los servicios básicos, comercios y organización local. El tercer apartado detalla el análisis de lo social, proceso de correlación de fuerzas en un informe analítico, se describen actores sociales externos e internos y la relación de convivencia. En el cuarto apartado se describe el análisis de la cuestión social en tres dimensiones, lo social, se especifica la violencia manifestada en el barrio, así como el nivel de conocimiento acerca de derechos humanos; en la dimensión económica se da a conocer la manifestación de la pobreza y política social; en la dimensión política el nivel de corrupción, transparencia y auditoría social