Jardins per a la salut

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia. Assignatura: Botànica farmacèutica. Curs: 2014-2015. Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són el recull de les fitxes botàniques de 128 espècies presents en el Jardí Ferran Soldevila de l’Edifici Històric de la UB. Els treballs han estat realitzats manera individual per part dels estudiants dels grups M-3 i T-1 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos de febrer a maig del curs 2014-15 com a resultat final del Projecte d’Innovació Docent «Jardins per a la salut: aprenentatge servei a Botànica farmacèutica» (codi 2014PID-UB/054). Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pels professors de l’assignatura. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica. També s’ha pretès motivar els estudiants a través del retorn de part del seu esforç a la societat a través d’una experiència d’Aprenentatge-Servei, deixant disponible finalment el treball dels estudiants per a poder ser consultable a través d’una Web pública amb la possibilitat de poder-ho fer in-situ en el propi jardí mitjançant codis QR amb un smartphone

Plagiodontes multiplicatus subsp. parvus

Plagiodontes multiplicatus parvus (Hylton-Scott, 1952) The pallial complex is about 26–31 mm long (Figure 14C,D). A triangular kidney occupies 20% of the lung length. The secondary ureter opens above the level corresponding to the midpoint of the kidney, and is delimited by two ridges of which the ad-rectal one is more developed. Within the pericardium the auricle is much wider than the ventricle. The pulmonary vein is prominent. The afferent marginal vein branches out at its midpoint. There is a conspicuous vascularization in the ad-rectal area and between the two main veins. The marginal vein, with no branching, runs along the mantle collar, which has a spongy pallial gland and several indentations that correspond to the position of the apertural teeth. The genital system is relatively large (Figure 15C,D). The orange-brownish ovotestis is formed by six groups of digitiform acini. The hermaphroditic duct, cream to light-brown in colour, is convoluted and centrally swollen. The fertilization pouch– spermathecal complex, located in the inferior portion of the albumen gland, is white and proximally swollen; it is distally formed by a free L-shaped blind sac. The albumen gland is light brown to pale orange, elongated, of rectangular to triangular shape, and variable in size (Figure 16C,D). The spermoviduct is a tubular and lobed organ formed by the hyaline white uterus and the opaque white prostatic portion, of glandular aspect. The vas deferens emerging just above the bifurcation of the vagina has the same characteristics as in the remaining species. The vagina is subcylindrical, short (the penis is from 1.5 times to twice as long), as wide as, or slightly wider than, the penis. Its internal surface is composed of thin anastomosed lamellae forming a reticulum (Figure 18E,F). The bursa copulatrix is subspherical and its duct, of about 20–26 mm long, is internally provided with thin, straight lamellae that are intermingled with short undulated ones in the first portion of the duct. The club-shaped penis is from 3.3 to 4.3 times as long as wide and about the same length as the epiphallus. The penial sheath is of medium length. The internal penis structure shows a verge with an accessory lobe. The verge, prolongation of the epiphallus, has an internal hollow tubule. The accessory lobe, proximally united to the papilla, is compact, of triangular shape and one-third the size of the papilla. The inner penis wall has a variable sculpture of protruding longitudinal and undulated pilasters with several branches and anastomoses. The pilasters become thin and straight in the area that is externally surrounded by the penial sheath; they are absent under the papilla (Figure 18A,B). The transition from penis to epiphallus is marked by a constriction. The epiphallus is proximally swollen but otherwise cylindrical. Internally, the cylindrical portion bears five to seven straight thin folds or lamellae; it is separated from the swollen part by a small structure formed by the merging folds. This structure, of probable glandular function, was sometimes covered with a hard translucent cover. The swollen part has some internal longitudinal folds with lateral branches, and continues in a cylindrical tubule inside the verge. This tubule also bears internal longitudinal folds, which are more voluminous and have more branches and anastomoses (Figure 18E,F) than those in the swollen part. The flagellum, longer than the epiphallus, is cylindrical and has only one internal longitudinal fold. The epiphallus–flagellum transition is marked by the insertion of the vas deferens and a slight reduction of the diameter towards the flagellum.Published as part of Pizá, Julia & Cazzaniga, Néstor J., 2009, A new species of Plagiodontes from Argentina, and new data on the anatomy of four other species in the genus (Gastropoda: Orthalicidae, Odontostominae), pp. 1437-1471 in Journal of Natural History 43 (23 - 24) on pages 1458-1461, DOI: 10.1080/00222930902903244, http://zenodo.org/record/521649

Plagiodontes Doering 1877

Genus Plagiodontes Doering, 1877 Shell rimate, oblong, with 6.5 to 8 whorls compactly coiled, the protoconch having axial striae slightly decussated by minor spiral lines, last whorl large. Aperture subvertical, ovate, obstructed by three major lamellae, 0 to 5 small folds and a transverse barrier behind the lower palatal folds. Endemic from Uruguay and Argentina. Type species: Helix dentata Wood, 1828 from Montevideo, Uruguay [subsequent designation by Pilsbry, 1898].Published as part of Pizá, Julia & Cazzaniga, Néstor J., 2009, A new species of Plagiodontes from Argentina, and new data on the anatomy of four other species in the genus (Gastropoda: Orthalicidae, Odontostominae), pp. 1437-1471 in Journal of Natural History 43 (23 - 24) on page 1443, DOI: 10.1080/00222930902903244, http://zenodo.org/record/521649

Plagiodontes patagonicus

Plagiodontes patagonicus (d’Orbigny, 1835) The pallial complex (Figure 19A,B) was briefly described by Hylton-Scott (1952), so we add only some additional details. It is about 30 mm long. The kidney is triangular and occupies less than 20% of the lung length. Although Hylton-Scott (1952) described the secondary ureter as closed, we determined that it is open, being the ureteric pore located at the level of the lower third of the kidney length. The conspicuous pulmonary vein branches in the afferent marginal vein that occupies 60–70% of its length. The vascularization in the ad-rectal area and in the area between the veins is conspicuous. The marginal vein, branching from the last portion of the pulmonary vein and bordering the pallial border, is branched in minor veins. The pallial border has a brown spongy area, the pallial gland. Anatomy of the genital system and its morphometric variations were already described by Hylton-Scott (1952), Cazzaniga and Fernández-Canigia (1985) and Cazzaniga et al. (2005), but the inner anatomy of the penis and vagina has not been analysed until now. Figure 20A,B shows the general aspect of the genital system. Internally, the penis bears a simple penial papilla or verge (Figure 18A,B), proximally rounded and swollen, with transverse slits bordering its opening; it is distally triangular, elongated and smooth. The penis inner wall has voluminous and undulated pilasters with only a few anastomoses. While the area surrounded by the penial sheath and the genital atrium has multiple straight, thin folds, the area below the penial papilla is smooth. The transition between penis and epiphallus is constricted, the epiphallus being proximally swollen and distally cylindrical. This cylindrical portion has five to seven straight thin folds (Figure 21C). It is separated from the swollen part by the same structure found in the remaining Plagiodontes species. The flagellum, cylindrical and shorter than the epiphallus, has a straight fold in its inner wall. There is a noticeable change of diameter between the epiphallus and the flagellum. The vagina, shorter than the penis and twice as long as it is wide, has its inner surface longitudinally folded, with minor anastomoses that give it a reticulate aspect (Figure 21D,E). The bursa copulatrix duct is distally swollen and has internal longitudinal straight folds (Figure 21D,E).Published as part of Pizá, Julia & Cazzaniga, Néstor J., 2009, A new species of Plagiodontes from Argentina, and new data on the anatomy of four other species in the genus (Gastropoda: Orthalicidae, Odontostominae), pp. 1437-1471 in Journal of Natural History 43 (23 - 24) on page 1461, DOI: 10.1080/00222930902903244, http://zenodo.org/record/521649

Data from: Breeding system, shell size and age at sexual maturity affect sperm length in stylommatophoran gastropods

Background: Sperm size and quality are key factors for fertilization success. There is increasing empirical evidence demonstrating that sperm form and function are influenced by selective pressures. Theoretical models predict that sperm competition could favour the evolution of longer sperm. In hermaphrodites, self-fertilizing species are expected to have shorter sperm than cross-fertilizing species, which use sperm stored from several mating partners for the fertilization of their eggs and thus are exposed to intense sperm competition. We tested this hypothesis by comparing original data on sperm length in 57 species of simultaneously hermaphroditic stylommatophoran gastropods from Europe and South America with respect to the species’ breeding system. We used 28S rRNA nuclear and COI mitochondrial sequence data to construct a molecular phylogeny. Phylogenetic generalized linear models were applied to examine the potential influence of morphological and life-history characters. Results: The best-fit model revealed that the breeding system and age at sexual maturity influence sperm length in gastropods. In general, species with predominant cross-fertilization had longer sperm than species with predominant self-fertilization or a mixed breeding system. Across species with shells (snails), sperm length also increased with shell size. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that sperm length in stylommatophoran gastropods is influenced by the risk of sperm competition, as well as by age at sexual maturity and shell size. This finding extends present knowledge of sperm evolution to a group of so far poorly studied simultaneous hermaphrodites

Data from: Breeding system, shell size and age at sexual maturity affect sperm length in stylommatophoran gastropods

Background: Sperm size and quality are key factors for fertilization success. There is increasing empirical evidence demonstrating that sperm form and function are influenced by selective pressures. Theoretical models predict that sperm competition could favour the evolution of longer sperm. In hermaphrodites, self-fertilizing species are expected to have shorter sperm than cross-fertilizing species, which use sperm stored from several mating partners for the fertilization of their eggs and thus are exposed to intense sperm competition. We tested this hypothesis by comparing original data on sperm length in 57 species of simultaneously hermaphroditic stylommatophoran gastropods from Europe and South America with respect to the species’ breeding system. We used 28S rRNA nuclear and COI mitochondrial sequence data to construct a molecular phylogeny. Phylogenetic generalized linear models were applied to examine the potential influence of morphological and life-history characters. Results: The best-fit model revealed that the breeding system and age at sexual maturity influence sperm length in gastropods. In general, species with predominant cross-fertilization had longer sperm than species with predominant self-fertilization or a mixed breeding system. Across species with shells (snails), sperm length also increased with shell size. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that sperm length in stylommatophoran gastropods is influenced by the risk of sperm competition, as well as by age at sexual maturity and shell size. This finding extends present knowledge of sperm evolution to a group of so far poorly studied simultaneous hermaphrodites

Conservation of land snails in the mountain grasslands of the Argeninian pampas

The Ventana Mountains are not only a remarkable physical feature within a mostly plains region, but also a ‘biodiversity island’ in the Pampas, the region most modified by agricultural activities in Argentina. These mountains harbor both endemic land snails and species of the surrounding plains. Thus, this is the most important area for land snail conservation in the Pampas, a region with a rather poor overall diversity of terrestrial snails. The state park ‘Parque Provincial Ernesto Tornquist’ (PPET) is the only reserve protecting these unique grasslands. Major threats to the native biota of the park are biological invasions by feral horses and exotic pines, which could also be affecting land snail specific goals was to investigate the effect of environmental conditions and the possible impact of horses on the distribution and abundance of four autochthonous macrosnail species: Austroborus lutescens dorbignyi (Doering, 1876), Discoleus aguirrei (Doering, 1884), Plagiodontes patagonicus (d’Orbigny, 1835) and the strictly endemic Ventania avellanedae (Doering, 1881). Sampling was carried out at two geographical scales. Environmental conditions recorded included topography, habitat structure, vegetation physiognomy, climatic and edaphic factors, floristic composition and horse impact.Fil: Delhey, Valdemar Kilian. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Burela, Silvana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Pizá, Julia. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Ghezzi, Natalia S.. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Cazzaniga, Néstor Jorge. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentin

Timing is everything: how planting period shapes nutritional quality, mycobiota characteristics, and mycotoxin contamination in maize (Zea mays) grains

Maize (Zea mays L.) is crucial in global grain markets and food/feed production. Fungal con- tamination in ears can adversely affect crop yield and diminish the nutritional value of grains. Moreover, many of the main pathogens affecting maize are pro- ducers of mycotoxins, which pose a risk to food safety.The area under late-planted maize in Argentina has increased, as more stable yields despite lower poten- tial are expected in comparison to the early planting period. However, late-planted maize is prone to fun- gal infections and insect damage as well as mycotoxin.Fil: Pérez Pizá, María Cecilia. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias ; Universidad del Salvador; . Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Fitopatología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Biotecnología. Grupo de Investigación en Química Analítica y Modelado Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Vicente, S.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Castellari, C. C.. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Mousegne, F.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Norte. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Agencia de Extension Rural San Antonio de Areco.; ArgentinaFil: Jecke, F.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Norte. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Agencia de Extension Rural San Antonio de Areco.; ArgentinaFil: Cornejo, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Ibañez, V. N.. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Sansinena, Marina Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Vago, Maria Elena. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires"; ArgentinaFil: Stenglein, Sebastian Alberto. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pacín, A.. Universidad del Salvador; Argentin