What's best for croup?

A single dose of corticosteroids is the first-line treatment for croup, resulting in fewer return visits and hospital admissions, shorter lengths of stay in the emergency department (ED) or hospital, and less need for supplemental medication (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, meta-analysis and randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). A 0.15 mg/kg dose of oral dexame thasone is as effective as larger doses (SOR: B, small RCTs). Nebulized racemic or L-epinephrine reduces severity of symptoms in moderate-to-severe croup (SOR: C, limited-quality disease-oriented evidence). The role of heliox in moderate to severe croup remains uncertain. Studies to date have been inadequate (SOR: C, limited-quality disease-oriented evidence). Humidified air provides no demonstrable benefit in the acute setting (SOR: A, meta-analysis)

THE VALUE OF A JOURNALISM DEGREE: AN ANALYSIS OF WHAT NEWSPAPER EDITORS CONSIDER WHEN HIRING JOURNALISM SCHOOL GRADUATES AND WHAT JOURNALISM SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS CONSIDER WHEN EDUCATING THESE GRADUATES

Journalism schools have seen their enrollment numbers ebb and flow for decades though never more so than in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. After the Internet became a serious mode of news delivery, the face of journalism and mass communication changed forever. Perhaps nowhere else have the repercussions of the Internet revolution been more evident than in the still-evolving 21st century legacy newspaper newsroom. The legacy newspaper industry, long populated by journalism school graduates who were promoted through the ranks from reporter-to-editor, saw shifting demands and requirements that affected their need for new hires in terms of both numbers and desired qualifications as circulation numbers and net revenue shifted. While newsrooms continue to shrink, both experienced and newly acquired personnel are required to fill in the gaps to produce sufficient digital and printed copy while management wrestles with the role of the legacy newspaper in the 21st century digital age. Similarly, journalism schools continue to adapt their curricula and implement program changes of their own to stay current and viable in a time populated by readers who are now accustomed to the term “fake news.” The journalism academic administrators tasked with the charge of creating and maintaining conversant curricula must stay ahead of industry trends and ensure that what is being taught is both fresh and appropriate to the demands of the media world. This study analyzes and interprets the information obtained from in-depth interviews of legacy newspaper hiring editors and journalism academic administrators in order to identify the intersection of industry wants and institutional pedagogy. This research also explores the existing relationship between the two groups. The results point to an intersection of industry wants and academy teachings, and they also highlight a real and perceived disconnect between hiring editors and journalism academic administrators. Keywords: academic administration, education, journalism, journalism school graduates, media management, newspaper

La celebración de San Roque en Rodeo Colorado

En este trabajo me propongo presentar el material descriptivo básico de una de las celebraciones religiosas de la comunidad andina de Rodeo Colorado (Departamento Iruya, provincia de Salta): la celebración de San Roque. En la misma, elementos rituales católicos y prehispánicos se conjugan e imerpenetran en una sucesión de eventos preestablecidos: luminaria, tirada de cuartos, peticiones, banquete y baile. Distingo dos momemos demro de la celebración: uno de carácter comunitario y otro de carácter personal, sometidos cada uno a distintos tipos de exigencias. Propongo una posible imerpretación de algunos afectos de la fiesta y del sentido que pueden tener para sus participantes.The basic descriptive material of the San Roque celebration of the Andean community of Rodeo Colorado (Iruya department, province of Salta) is presented. In this religious celebration, catholic and pre-Hispanic ritual elements blend and interpenetrate in a succession of preestablished events: “luminaria” (torches), “tirade de curators” (pulling at the quarters of an animal), petitions, banquet, and dancing. Two moments are distinguished within the celebration: one of a communitarian character and another of a personal character each subjected to different types of demands. A possible interpretation of some aspects of the celebration and of the meaning they may have for the participants is proposed.Sociedad Argentina de Antropologí

Cultura tradicional y cambio cultural en una comunidad del noroeste argentino

Rodeo Colorado es un pequeño poblado de agricultores enclavado en las montañas del norte de Salta, en el Departamento de Iruya, a 2800 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Es una de las tantas comunidades de filiación cultural andina que viven en la región de los Andes Orientales, área de transición geográfica entre las áridas altiplanicies de la Puna y las Sierras Subandinas, más bajas y con clima subtropical.Sociedad Argentina de Antropologí

La celebración de San Roque en Rodeo Colorado

En este trabajo me propongo presentar el material descriptivo básico de una de las celebraciones religiosas de la comunidad andina de Rodeo Colorado (Departamento Iruya, provincia de Salta): la celebración de San Roque. En la misma, elementos rituales católicos y prehispánicos se conjugan e imerpenetran en una sucesión de eventos preestablecidos: luminaria, tirada de cuartos, peticiones, banquete y baile. Distingo dos momemos demro de la celebración: uno de carácter comunitario y otro de carácter personal, sometidos cada uno a distintos tipos de exigencias. Propongo una posible imerpretación de algunos afectos de la fiesta y del sentido que pueden tener para sus participantes.The basic descriptive material of the San Roque celebration of the Andean community of Rodeo Colorado (Iruya department, province of Salta) is presented. In this religious celebration, catholic and pre-Hispanic ritual elements blend and interpenetrate in a succession of preestablished events: “luminaria” (torches), “tirade de curators” (pulling at the quarters of an animal), petitions, banquet, and dancing. Two moments are distinguished within the celebration: one of a communitarian character and another of a personal character each subjected to different types of demands. A possible interpretation of some aspects of the celebration and of the meaning they may have for the participants is proposed.Sociedad Argentina de Antropologí

Cultura tradicional y cambio cultural en una comunidad del noroeste argentino

Rodeo Colorado es un pequeño poblado de agricultores enclavado en las montañas del norte de Salta, en el Departamento de Iruya, a 2800 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Es una de las tantas comunidades de filiación cultural andina que viven en la región de los Andes Orientales, área de transición geográfica entre las áridas altiplanicies de la Puna y las Sierras Subandinas, más bajas y con clima subtropical.Sociedad Argentina de Antropologí

Investigating the emotional content of older adults engaging in a fall prevention exercise program integrated with dance movement therapy: a preliminary study

Fall prevention interventions for older adults have primarily focused on the physical aspects, overlooking the emotional aspects inherent in falls. This qualitative study presents a novel fall prevention intervention that integrates physical therapy exercise (PTE) based on the Otago Exercise Program with Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) to address the emotional experience during PTE. The aim of this study is to explore the emotional content expressed by older adults during balance-focused exercises and the unique emotional content expressions following the PTE + DMT intervention compared to the PTE intervention. Eleven older adults (aged 81–91 years) from a day center were randomly assigned to either the PTE + DMT group (n = 6) or the PTE group (n = 5). Interpretative phenomenological analysis of the instructors’ observations and process diary identified three themes that emerged during the sessions: (1) self-image and self-worth, (2) the individual in relation to others, and (3) past memories. These themes highlight both similarities and differences between the groups. These findings provide valuable insights into the emotional experiences encountered by older adults, particularly in the context of falls prevention practices. Recognizing, understanding, and facilitating the expression of these experiences can enhance the effectiveness of fall prevention interventions and contribute to the overall health of older adults

Proliferation index as a prognostic marker in hemangiopericytoma of the head and neck

Background Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) of the head and neck is a rare neoplasm whose biologic behavior is difficult to predict by means of conventional histologic parameters. Methods H & E–stained sections from 12 cases of HPC were reviewed. Proliferation index was assessed using an immunoperoxidase stain for MIB-1 (Ki-67). Results The study group consisted of 4 adult men, 5 adult women, and 1 infant male. Necrosis, hypercellularity, and pleomorphism were found in 1, 5, and 6 case(s), respectively. The mitotic index per 10 high power fields varied from 0-1 to 15. Proliferation indices using MIB-1 ranged from 2.6% to 52.5%. Clinical follow-up revealed 3 cases with recurrence all possessing proliferation indices of approximately 10%. Conclusions Standard histomorphologic features may be inadequate predictors of clinical outcome. A proliferation index of 10% or greater may indicate a more aggressive subset of HPC of the head and neck. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 492–496, 2001.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/35120/1/1065_ftp.pd

Heliox for croup in children (Review)

Background: Croup is thought to be triggered by a viral infection and is characterised by respiratory distress due to upper airway inflammation and swelling of the subglottic mucosa in children. Mostly it is mild and transient and resolves with supportive care. In moderate to severe cases, treatment with corticosteroids and nebulised epinephrine (adrenaline) is required. Corticosteroids improve symptoms but it takes time for a full effect to be achieved. In the interim, the child is at risk of further deterioration. This may rarely result in respiratory failure necessitating emergency intubation and ventilation. Nebulised epinephrine may result in dose-related adverse effects including tachycardia, arrhythmias and hypertension and its benefit may be short-lived. Helium-oxygen (heliox) inhalation has shown therapeutic benefit in initial treatment of acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis and may prevent morbidity and mortality in ventilated neonates. Heliox has been used during emergency transport of children with severe croup and anecdotal evidence suggests that heliox relieves respiratory distress. Objectives: To examine the effect of heliox on relieving symptoms and signs of croup, as determined by a croup score (a tool for measuring the severity of croup).To examine the effect of croup on rates of admission or intubation (or both), through comparisons of heliox with placebo or any active intervention(s) in children with croup. Search methods: We searched CENTRAL 2013, Issue 10, MEDLINE (1950 to October week 5, 2013), EMBASE (1974 to November 2013), CINAHL (1982 to November 2013), Web of Science (1955 to November 2013) and LILACS (1982 to November 2013). In addition, we searched two clinical trials registries: the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP) and clinicaltrials.gov (searched 12 November 2013). Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing the effect of helium-oxygen mixtures with placebo or any active intervention(s) in children with croup. Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently identified and assessed citations for inclusion. A third review author resolved disagreements. We assessed included trials for allocation concealment, blinding of intervention, completeness of outcome data, selective outcome reporting and other potential sources of bias. We reported mean differences for continuous data and odds ratios for dichotomous data. We descriptively reported data not suitable for statistical analysis. Main results: We included three RCTs with a total of 91 participants. One study compared heliox 70%/30% with 30% humidified oxygen administered for 20 minutes in children with mild croup and found no statistically significant differences in the overall change in croup scores between heliox and the comparator. In another study, children with moderate to severe croup were administered intramuscular dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg and either heliox 70%/30% with one to two doses of nebulised saline, or 100% oxygen with one to two doses of nebulised racaemic epinephrine for three hours. In this study, the heliox group's croup scores improved significantly more at all time points from 90 minutes onwards. However, overall there were no significant differences in croup scores between the groups after four hours using repeated measures analysis. In a third study, children with moderate croup all received one dose of oral dexamethasone 0.3 mg/kg with heliox 70%/30% for 60 minutes in the intervention group and no treatment in the comparator. There was a statistically significant difference in croup scores at 60 minutes in favour of heliox but no significant difference after 120 minutes. It was not possible to pool outcomes because the included studies compared different interventions and reported different outcomes. No adverse events were reported. Authors' conclusions: There is some evidence to suggest a short-term benefit of heliox inhalation in children with moderate to severe croup who have been administered oral or intramuscular dexamethasone. In one study, the benefit appeared to be similar to a combination of 100% oxygen with nebulised epinephrine. In another study there was a slight change in croup scores between heliox and controls, with unclear clinical significance. In another study in mild croup, the benefit of humidified heliox was equivalent to that of 30% humidified oxygen, suggesting that heliox is not indicated in this group of patients provided that 30% oxygen is available. Adequately powered RCTs comparing heliox with standard treatments are needed to further assess the role of heliox in children with moderate to severe croup

Inroads to Predict in Vivo Toxicology—An Introduction to the eTOX Project

There is a widespread awareness that the wealth of preclinical toxicity data that the pharmaceutical industry has generated in recent decades is not exploited as efficiently as it could be. Enhanced data availability for compound comparison (“read-across”), or for data mining to build predictive tools, should lead to a more efficient drug development process and contribute to the reduction of animal use (3Rs principle). In order to achieve these goals, a consortium approach, grouping numbers of relevant partners, is required. The eTOX (“electronic toxicity”) consortium represents such a project and is a public-private partnership within the framework of the European Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI). The project aims at the development of in silico prediction systems for organ and in vivo toxicity. The backbone of the project will be a database consisting of preclinical toxicity data for drug compounds or candidates extracted from previously unpublished, legacy reports from thirteen European and European operation-based pharmaceutical companies. The database will be enhanced by incorporation of publically available, high quality toxicology data. Seven academic institutes and five small-to-medium size enterprises (SMEs) contribute with their expertise in data gathering, database curation, data mining, chemoinformatics and predictive systems development. The outcome of the project will be a predictive system contributing to early potential hazard identification and risk assessment during the drug development process. The concept and strategy of the eTOX project is described here, together with current achievements and future deliverables