Intramuscular fatty acid composition of the longissimus muscle of unweaned minhota breed calves at different slaughter age

Meat productions from sixteen local Portuguese cattle breeds represent high economic and cultural value for local populations. Among these, Minhota is one of the most important on meat aptitude located on the northwest of the country. This breed is used for high-quality meat. This study describes the influence of slaughter age, corresponding veal (6 months) and beef (9 months) and sex, reared in a traditional production system, on intramuscular fatty acid composition of the longissimus muscle and nutritional quality. Samples of the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle were analysed for fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat from 41 Minhota breed animals. Unweaned veal (22) and beef (19), corresponding to males (n=25) and females (n=16) were analysed. Both groups of animals were reared in a traditional production system. The meat from the Minhota breed is a valuable source of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), particularly the C-20 and C-22 n-3 fatty acids in the human diet. A low n-6:n-3 ratio show that fat in this breed has a good nutritional value. The differences in fat composition from veal and beef could be attributed to the fact that maternal suckling is more important in the youngest animals.FE1B-06B2-126F | José Pedro Pinto de AraújoN/

Chemical characterization of pine bark (Pinus pinaster Aiton subsp. atlantica), antioxidant properties and phenolic profile of its extracts

Introduction: Pine bark is an agroindustrial residue from the timber industry and represents a source of phenolic compounds. These compounds have several beneficial properties being antioxidants, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, among others. Objetives: The aim of this work was to study the chemical composition of the bark from Pinus pinaster Aiton subsp. atlantica and the phenolic profile of its aqueous, ethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts. Methods: The moisture content, ash, protein, crude fat and carbohydrates were analysed. The bark was extracted with water, ethanol or a mixture of both in a Soxhlet apparatus and the extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity and phenolic profile by RP-HPLC-UV, in the extracts with higher TPC, were determined. Results: The results obtained for chemical composition were: 63.43 of carbohydrates, 2.81 of crude fat, 1.60 of proteins and 1.75 of ash, calculated in % w/w of dry bark. The extraction yield was greater for the ethanolic and the hydroethanolic extracts (17.08 and 17.55% w/w dry bark, respectively). The TPC and antioxidant activity were higher in the hydroethanolic extract (73.48 mg GAE/g and 108.74 mg AAE/g dry bark, respectively). Regarding the phenolic profile of the hydroethanolic extract, gallic acid, taxifolin, ferulic acid and quercetin were identified at 280 nm, and catechin was identified in the ethanolic extract at 320 nm. Conclusion: P. pinaster Aiton subsp. atlantica bark is mainly constituted by carbohydrates and it is rich in hydroethanolic and ethanolic extractives, being that these have high antioxidant activity. The ethanolic extract presents higher catechin amount when compared to the hydroethanolic extract.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Bísaro Pig

Local pig breeds are adapted to the specific local environment and fed with various locally available feedstuffs. So besides their genetic merit for agro-biodiversity, they represent the foundations of sustainable local pork chains. Thus, the aim of the current chapter is to present the history and current status of the Bísara breed (Bísaro pig), its exterior phenotypic characteristics, geographical location, production system and main products from this Portuguese autochthonous breed of pigs. Moreover, a collection and review of available literature data, set until August 2017, on reproductive and productive traits (growth, carcass, meat and fat quality) of Bísaro pig breed were carried out. Reproductive performance has been estimated by means of sow’s age at the first parturition, annual litters per sow, piglets alive per litter, piglet live birth and weaning weight, percentage of stillborn per litter, mortality to weaning, lactation length and farrowing interval. Growth performance has been estimated through the average daily gain and feed intake in both the growing stage and the early, middle, late and overall fattening stage. Carcass traits have been evaluated by means of age and weight at slaughter, hot carcass weight, carcass yield, lean meat content, backfat thickness at withers, last rib, above the muscle gluteus medius and the loin eye area. Meat and fat quality traits of longissimus muscle have been evaluated by means of pH at 45 minutes and 24 h after slaughter, objective colour (CIE L*), intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat. Although a considerable number of studies on Bísaro pig were included in the current review, data on meat and fat quality are scarce

Comparison of milk from two different cow breeds Barrosã and Frísia

Milk from two different cow breeds, Barrosã and Frísia, was studied. Within the same breed five and four milk samples were taken respectively for chemical and microbiological analysis. The following chemical parameters were analysed in triplicate: Total Fat, Fatty Acids Identification and Quantification, Protein, Casein, Albumin, Non-protein Nitrogen, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Iron, Magnesium, Calcium, Ash, Total solids, Lactic acid and Acidity. In general terms milk from Barrosã breed showed higher values for all analysed parameters except for Total Fat, Total Solids and Vitamin D. Statistical analysis, by testing the chemical parameters all together using the Hotelling T2 test showed that milk samples from the two cow breeds were significantly different (α=0,05). Microbiological analysis (Total Viable Counts (30ºC), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus coagulase + and Listeria monocytogenes) was also performed. Staphylococcus coagulase + was found in one milk sample from Barrosã breed. Listeria monocytogenes was found in two milk samples from Frísia breed

Corncob as carbon source in the production of xanthan gum in different strains Xanthomonas sp.

Xanthan gum (XG) is a biopolymer obtained in fermentation and used as a rheology control agent in aqueous systems and in stabilizing emulsions and suspensions. XG, together with other polysaccharides, can form soft, cohesive composite gels. The carbon source in the fermentative process is responsible for one-third of the production costs, and the search for less expensive and sustainable alternatives is ongoing. The use of agricultural residues such as the corncob is highly suggestive due to their abundance. This study aims to evaluate the use of derived hemicellulose fractions from the alkaline extraction of corncob as a carbon source in the production of XG in trials using four strains of Xanthomonas sp. (629, 1078, 254, and S6). The results indicate that strain 629 provides the higher yield (8.37 ± 5.75 g L−1) while using a fermentation medium containing a carbon source of saccharose (1.25%), hemicellulose fractions (3.75%), and salts. In this same medium, the strain 629 produces gum in 3% aqueous solution, showing the higher apparent viscosity (9298 ± 31 mPa s−1) at a shear rate of 10 s−1 at 25 °C. In conclusion, corncob is proven to be a promising sustainable alternative carbon source in the obtention of XG, improving the economic viability of the process within a biorefinery context. Saccharose must, however, also be included in the fermentation medium.0F1A-358B-43B5 | Fernando Jorge Ribeiro da MataN/

Optimization of xanthan gum production by demerara sugar using response surface methodology

Xanthan gum (XG) production using three Xanthomonas sp. strains (290, 472, and S6) was evaluated by applying a 23 full factorial central composite design response to study the interactive effects of the fermentation medium component concentrations as parameters to determine the efficiency of the gum production in batch experiments. The experimental variables were the carbon source (demerara sugar or sucrose), potassium phosphate dibasic, and magnesium sulfate. Experimental results showed the K2HPO4 concentration as the important parameter for XG production by using Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis IBSBF 290 and X. campestris pv. campestris IBSBF 472, while for the Xanthomonas sp. S6 strain, the MgSO4∙7H2O concentration was the determining factor in XG production using demerara sugar or sucrose as a carbon source. The strains of Xanthomonas 472 and S6, using demerara sugar and higher concentrations of salts, exhibited a higher yield of XG (36 and 32%) than when using sucrose and the same concentration of salts. The experimental outcomes highlighted demerara sugar as a suitable and efficient alternative carbon and micronutrient source for XG production. Despite the bacterial strain influence, the medium composition is crucial for this fermentation process. Therefore, the evaluated salts are important factors for XG production, and the demerara sugar can partially replace this mineral salt requirement as indicated by the face-centered composite experimental design due to its chemical composition. Overall, demerara sugar provides promising properties for XG production.The authors acknowledge the financial assistance from the Brazilian research funding agencies including the Co-ordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) under Finance Code 001, a Brazilian foundation within the Ministry of Education (MEC); the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), a Brazilian foundation associated to the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovations (MCTI); the Foundation of Support to Research and Technological Innovation of the State of Sergipe (FAPITEC/SE); and the Regional Co-operative of Agrarian Reform Settlers of Sergipe’s Semi-Arid. The authors acknowledge the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for the financial support to the CISAS UIDB/05937/2020 and UIDP/05937/2020, including the postdoc grant and the contract of the two authors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Influencia del sistema de producci?n en la calidad de la canal de cerdos de raza b?sara

La utilizaci?n de razas locales en sistemas de producci?n alternativos presenta una serie de ventajas, como la gesti?n medioambiental, la biodiversidad y la producci?n agr?cola sostenible orientada hacia un mercado de productos de calidad diferenciada, especialmente en ?reas desfavorecidas. En este trabajo se estudi? la influencia de dos sistemas de producci?n en la calidad de la canal de cerdos de raza B?sara. La alimentaci?n recibida fue igual en ambos casos. En la fase de crecimiento (98 d?as) se alimentaron con pienso compuesto comercial, mientras que durante el acabado se les administr? pienso compuesto y harina de ma?z. Se recogieron datos de peso vivo y canal despu?s de 24h a 4?C y se calcul? el rendimiento de la canal. Se realizaron medidas morfom?tricas lineales de la media canal derecha, tras 24h post-mortem. El espesor de la grasa dorsal se midi? a nivel de la 1? costilla, la ?ltima costilla, en el m?sculo gluteus medius en el ?rea m?s espesa de grasa (extremo craneal) y en la de inferior espesura. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos, no se observan diferencias significativas en ninguno de los par?metros analizados. El peso de la canal fr?a (94,23?7,55 kg) y el rendimiento (75,51?1,48%) as? como las medidas morfom?tricas mostraron valores pr?cticamente coincidentes entre ambos tipos de sistemas de producci?n. Tampoco se observaron diferencias en el espesor de la grasa dorsal. Las cuatro medidas indican un grado elevado y homog?neo de grasa dorsal, caracter?stica frecuentemente constatada en razas de cerdos no mejoradas (razas locales) existentes en todo el mundo.FE1B-06B2-126F | Jos? Pedro Pinto de Ara?joN/

Prediction of fatty acid composition in intact and minced fat of European autochthonous pigs breeds by near infrared spectroscopy

The fatty acids profile has been playing a decisive role in recent years, thanks to technological, sensory and health demands from producers and consumers. The application of NIRS technique on fat tissues, could lead to more efficient, practical, and economical in the quality control. The study aim was to assess the accuracy of Fourier Transformed Near Infrared Spectroscopy technique to determine fatty acids composition in fat of 12 European local pig breeds. A total of 439 spectra of backfat were collected both in intact and minced tissue and then were analyzed using gas chromatographic analysis. Predictive equations were developed using the 80% of samples for the calibration, followed by full cross validation, and the remaining 20% for the external validation test. NIRS analysis of minced samples allowed a better response for fatty acid families, n6 PUFA, it is promising both for n3 PUFA quantification and for the screening (high, low value) of the major fatty acids. Intact fat prediction, although with a lower predictive ability, seems suitable for PUFA and n6 PUFA while for other families allows only a discrimination between high and low values.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Alternative buildings for fattening bísaro pigs: hoop barn with free access to outdoor

The buildings used in traditional Bísaro pig farms limit the increase of the herd size per production unit. The aim of this study is to develop, to test and to demonstrate an alternative building system for fattening Bísaro pigs (hoop barn with free access to outdoor) respecting the good production practices, the animal welfare and the environment