APLICAÇÃO DOS CONCEITOS DE GENERALIZAÇÃO CARTOGRÁFICA EM UM MAPA TURÍSTICO PARA A APRESENTAÇÃO EM COMPUTADORES DE MÃO

O uso de mapas digitais na internet e em computadores de mão como palmtops e pocket PCs tem aumentado. Entretanto, a produção dos mapas ocorre de forma empírica, sem a aplicação dos conceitos cartográficos, obtendo-se como resultado mapas com baixo poder de comunicação. Com o objetivo de apresentar informações espaciais em um pocket PC HP Jornada 568, foi desenvolvido o projeto cartográfico de um mapa turístico, onde esta representada a região central da cidade de Curitiba, adequando-o às propriedades físicas do equipamento utilizado. A determinação do conteúdo de informação a ser apresentado no mapa está vinculada às escalas de representação utilizadas na tela do computador de mão, sendo estas: 1:5.000, 1:10.000 e 1:20.000, e cuja metodologia foi baseada em estudos científicos publicados sobre generalização cartográfica. Os materiais utilizados para a realização desta pesquisa correspondem à base cartográfica digital da cidade de Curitiba referente ao ano de 2001, um computador Pentium 2.2 GHz e o pocket PC HP Jornada 568. O computador foi utilizado para o desenvolvimentos dos símbolos pontuais pictóricos, para a aplicação dos conceitos de generalização cartográfica no mapa turístico, criado no software ArcView GIS 3.2, e para gerar as imagens (.bmp), das telas apresentadas no pocket PC. Map generalization applied to touristic map for hand held computers Abstract The use of digital maps in internet or in computers as palmtops or pocket PCs has increased. However in several situations, the cartographic presentation of those digital maps is based on empirical decision, that is , the theory of map design is not applied. As a result, we can find maps low power of communication. In order to present spatial information in a pocket PC HP Jornada 568 screen, a cartographic design for a tourist map, was developed and applied for the physical properties of the equipament. This tourist map presents the central region of Curitiba downtown. The definition of information to be presented on the map is in accordance whit the 1:5.000, 1:10.000 and 1:20.000 scales. The methodology was based on scientific studies on cartographic generalization. The material use for accomplishment this research correspond to the base cartographic digital of Curitiba downtown, a computer Pentium 2,2 GHz and the pocket PC HP Jornada 568. The computer was used for the developments of the pictorial prompt symbols, for the application of the concepts of cartographic generalization in the tourist map, created in software ArcView GIS 3,2, and to generate the images (.bmp), of the screens presented in pocket PC

The Brazilian Registry of Adult Patient Undergoing Cardiovascular Surgery, the BYPASS Project: Results of the First 1,722 Patients

Objective: To report the early results of the BYPASS project - the Brazilian registrY of adult Patient undergoing cArdiovaScular Surgery - a national, observational, prospective, and longitudinal follow-up registry, aiming to chart a profile of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in Brazil, assessing the data harvested from the initial 1,722 patients. Methods: Data collection involved institutions throughout the whole country, comprising 17 centers in 4 regions: Southeast (8), Northeast (5), South (3), and Center-West (1). The study population consists of patients over 18 years of age, and the types of operations recorded were: coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), mitral valve, aortic valve (either conventional or transcatheter), surgical correction of atrial fibrillation, cardiac transplantation, mechanical circulatory support and congenital heart diseases in adults. Results: 83.1% of patients came from the public health system (SUS), 9.6% from the supplemental (private insurance) healthcare systemsand 7.3% from private (out-of-pocket) clinic. Male patients comprised 66%, 30% were diabetics, 46% had dyslipidemia, 28% previously sustained a myocardial infarction, and 9.4% underwent prior cardiovascular surgery. Patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery were 54.1% and 31.5% to valve surgery, either isolated or combined. The overall postoperative mortality up to the 7th postoperative day was 4%for CABG was 2.6%, and for valve operations, 4.4%. Conclusion: This first report outlines the consecution of the Brazilian surgical cardiac database, intended to serve primarily as a tool for providing information for clinical improvement and patient safety and constitute a basis for production of research protocols.Univ Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP EPM, Hosp Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Caridade Sao Vicente Paulo, Jundiai, SP, BrazilInst Med Integral Prof Fernando Figueira IMIP, Recife, PE, BrazilHosp Base FUNFARME & FAMERP, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, BrazilIMC, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, BrazilIrmandade Santa Casa Sao Paulo INCT HPV, Fac Ciencias Med Santa Casa Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilFundacao Univ Cardiol, Inst Cardiol Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilInst Coracao Natal, Natal, RN, BrazilInst Cardiol Dist Fed, Brasilia, DF, BrazilUniv Fed Maranhao HU UFMA, Univ Hosp, Sao Luis, MA, BrazilHosp Evangelico, Cachoeiro De Itapemirim, ES, BrazilHosp Coracao Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, BrazilHosp Nossa Senhora Salete, Inst Cirurgia Cardiovasc ICCV, Cascavel, PR, BrazilHosp Wilson Rosado, Mossoro, RN, BrazilHosp Bosque Saude, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Univ Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilHosp Coracao HCor, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Coracao IP HCor, Ins Pesquisa, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilInst Coracao InCor, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP EPM, Hosp Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

EFEITO DA SEMAGLUTIDA NO TRATAMENTO DO DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2 E SUA APLICABILIDADE NO CONTEXTO DA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is a disease characterized by a set of metabolic disorders that result in altered glycemic levels and, in the medium and long term, the appearance of lesions in target organs when not treated appropriately. This condition can be controlled by diet, physical exercise and drugs indicated for its treatment, and should always be monitored by a trained professional and, ideally, a multidisciplinary team. The purpose of this study was to address a generalized view of DM2 in relation to its pathophysiology, etiology and prognosis. Point out the possible medications for your treatment and their respective mechanisms of action, establishing a cost-effective relationship so that care occurs in the most favorable way possible. Furthermore, deepen knowledge about the use of Semaglutide in the treatment of people with DM2 related to its applicability in the context of primary care, evaluating its effectiveness, incidence of adverse reactions, economic viability and comparing it with other hypoglycemic agents available in the SUS. To construct this study, a bibliographical review of articles related to the topic was carried out, reaching the conclusion that shared therapy between doctor and patient combined with individualized treatment is necessary. The use of Semaglutide proved to be beneficial in terms of glycemic control and weight loss, however, attention should be paid to its adverse effects, mainly related to the gastrointestinal system.Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é uma doença caracterizada por um conjunto de distúrbios metabólicos que resultam em níveis glicêmicos alterados e, a médio e longo prazo, pelo aparecimento de lesões em órgãos alvo quando não tratada adequadamente. Tal condição pode ser controlada por dieta, exercícios físicos e drogas indicadas para o seu tratamento, devendo sempre ser acompanhada por profissional capacitado e, idealmente, equipe multiprofissional. A proposta deste estudo foi abordar uma visão generalizada da DM2 com relação a sua fisiopatologia, etiologia e prognóstico. Apontar os medicamentos possíveis para seu tratamento e os seus respectivos mecanismos de ação, estabelecendo uma relação custo-efetiva para que o cuidado ocorra da maneira mais favorável possível. Além disso, aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre o uso da Semaglutida no tratamento de portadores de DM2 relacionado a sua aplicabilidade no contexto da atenção primária, avaliando sua eficácia, incidência de reações adversas, viabilidade econômica e comparando-a com os outros hipoglicemiantes disponíveis no SUS. Para a construção desse estudo foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos relacionados à temática, chegando-se a conclusão de que se faz necessária uma terapêutica compartilhada entre médico e paciente aliado a um tratamento individualizado. O uso da Semaglutida se mostrou benéfico no que tange o controle glicêmico e a perda de peso, porém deve-se atentar aos seus efeitos adversos, principalmente, relacionados ao sistema gastrointestinal

As manifestações clínicas do portador de paralisia facial

Introdução: A paralisia facial e um sintoma de um transtorno de base resultante em imobilidade e incapacidade de executar a mímica facial e a expressão emotiva. São várias as etiologias deste acometimento, sendo a classificação em paralisia facial periférica, representada classicamente pela paralisia de Bell e a central, pelo acidente vascular encefálico, adotada para auxiliar na investigação e seguimento clínico adequado. Objetivo: Descrever sobre a paralisia facial, com foco em características clínicas que propiciem ao diagnóstico precoce, medidas terapêuticas e restauração imediata. Metodologia: Revisão narrativa que selecionou artigos disponibilizados na íntegra publicados no recorte temporal de 2008 até 2022. Resultados: Dos 10 artigos incluídos neste estudo, todos realizaram uma ampla análise sobre a temática, a qual propiciou a disseminação de informações atualizadas sobre conceito, diagnóstico diferencial entre duas condições clínicas opostas resultantes em paralisia facial, manifestações, avaliação clínica e manejo adequado. Conclusão: Estudos ainda urgem em ser feitos no intuito de orientar melhor os profissionais e a comunidade a respeito da paralisia facial e a importância que possui o acompanhamento e seguimento precoce. Destarte,

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A reatividade negativa oriunda da poliquimioterapia imposta na Hanseníase

Introdução: A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa, que devido às repercussões clínicas e aos dados epidemiológicos é considerada de notificação compulsória. Contudo, esse transtorno quando é precocemente identificado e adequadamente manejado, evita consideravelmente o círculo vicioso de contágio e as manifestações clínicas que tornam a doença tão alvo de estigma. Objetivo: Descrever a reação negativa oriunda da poliquimioterapia imposta na hanseníase. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, fundamentada nas plataformas do Scielo, Pubmed, Lilacs e demais literaturas pertinentes ao tema, utilizando-se os seguintes descritores: Reação Hansênica, Efeitos Adversos e Poliquimioterapia, no período de janeiro de 2023. Resultados e Discussão:  Atualmente, o protocolo terapêutico voltado para a Hanseníase é a poliquimioterapia e possui boa eficácia e tolerância pela maioria dos pacientes.  No advém, a minoria destes apresenta reações adversas que variam de leve a exacerbadas e que devem ser devidamente classificados e orientados para outras opções farmacológica, objetivando impedir que o paciente abandone o tratamento, junto às enormes repercussões oriundas deste, e propiciar melhor qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Estima-se que o tratamento da Hanseníase é algo importante e indispensável para evitar problemas de saúde pública, mas este se baseia em uma alta carga associada de remédios potentes, a qual alguns portadores possuem sensibilidade e se orientados, podem continuar o tratamento até o alcance da cura.&nbsp

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost