¿Por qué la trata de personas es un delito invisible en Uruguay?

The purpose of this essay is to analyze the invisibility of the crime of human trafficking in Uruguay. It includes the normative analysis of the typified crime, international treaties, and Uruguayan jurisprudence. It seeks to answer why human trafficking is an invisible crime in Uruguay and present current challenges and the importance of public measures and policies for crime prevention.El propósito de este trabajo es analizar la invisibilidad del delito de trata de personas en Uruguay. Incluye el análisis normativo del delito tipificado, los tratados internacionales y la jurisprudencia uruguaya. Se busca obtener una respuesta a por qué el delito de trata de personas es un delito invisible en Uruguay para así presentar los desafíos actuales y la importancia de las medidas y políticas públicas para la prevención del delito

Care pathways models and clinical outcomes in disorders of consciousness

Objective: Patients with Disorders of consciousness, are persons with extremely low functioning levels and represent a challenge for health care systems due to their high needs of facilitating environmental factors. Despite a common Italian health care path-way for these patients, no studies have analyzed information on how each region have implemented it in its welfare system correlating data with patients’ clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: A multicenter observational pilot study was realized. Clinicians collected data on the care pathways of patients with Disorder of consciousness by ask-ing 90 patients’ caregivers to complete an ad hoc questionnaire through a structured phone interview. Questionnaire consisted of three sections: sociodemographic data, description of the care pathway done by the patient, and caregiver evaluation of health services and information received.Results: Seventy- three patients were analyzed. Length of hospital stay was different across the health care models and it was associated with improvement in clinical diag-nosis. In long- term care units, the diagnosis at admission and the number of caregivers available for each patient (median value=3) showed an indirect relationship with worsening probability in clinical outcome. Caregivers reported that communication with professionals (42%) and the answer to the need of information were the most critical points in the acute phase, whereas presence of Non- Governmental Organizations (25%) and availability of psychologists for caregivers (21%) were often missing during long-term care. The 65% of caregivers reported they did not know the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Conclusion: This study highlights relevant differences in analyzed models, despite a recommended national pathway of care. Future public health considerations and ac-tions are needed to guarantee equity and standardization of the care process in all European countries

Influence of growth temperature on the pinning landscape of YBa2Cu3O7−δ films grown from Ba-deficient solutions

Cuprate coated conductors are promising materials for the development of large-scale applications, having superior performance over other superconductors. Tailoring their vortex pinning landscape through nanostructure engineering is one of the major challenges to fulfill the specific application requirements. In this work, we have studied the influence of the growth temperature on the generation of intrinsic pinning defects in YBa2Cu3O7-δ films grown by chemical solution deposition using low Ba precursor solutions. We have analysed the critical current density as a function of the temperature, applied magnetic field magnitude and orientation, J c(T,H,θ), to elucidate the nature and strength of pinning sites and correlate the microstructure of the films with their superconducting performance. An efficient pinning landscape consisting of stacking faults and associated nanostrain is naturally induced by simply tuning the growth temperature without the need to add artificial pinning sites. Samples grown at an optimized temperature of 750 °C show very high self-field J c values correlated with an overdoped state and improved J c(T,H,θ) performances.This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom Research and Training Programme 2014–2018 and 2019–2020 under Grant Agreement No. 633 053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. TEM analysis was funded from the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement 823717—ESTEEM3. The authors acknowledge financial support from Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the 'Severo Ochoa' Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2015-0496 and CEX2019-000917-S), SuMaTe RTI2018-095853-B-C21, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund), the Catalan Government with Grant 2017-SGR-1519 and the EU COST action NANOCOHYBRI CA16218. We also acknowledge the Scientific Services at ICMAB. J A like to thank the UAB PhD program in Materials Science.With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000917-S).Peer reviewe

Co-designing an interactive artificial intelligent system with post-stroke patients and caregivers to augment the lost abilities and improve their quality of life: a human-centric approach

ObjectivesThe motor disability due to stroke compromises the autonomy of patients and caregivers. To support autonomy and other personal and social needs, trustworthy, multifunctional, adaptive, and interactive assistive devices represent optimal solutions. To fulfill this aim, an artificial intelligence system named MAIA would aim to interpret users’ intentions and translate them into actions performed by assistive devices. Analyzing their perspectives is essential to develop the MAIA system operating in harmony with patients’ and caregivers’ needs as much as possible.MethodsPost-stroke patients and caregivers were interviewed to explore the impact of motor disability on their lives, previous experiences with assistive technologies, opinions, and attitudes about MAIA and their needs. Interview transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsSixteen interviews were conducted with 12 post-stroke patients and four caregivers. Three themes emerged: (1) Needs to be satisfied, (2) MAIA technology acceptance, and (3) Perceived trustfulness. Overall, patients are seeking rehabilitative technology, contrary to caregivers needing assistive technology to help them daily. An easy-to-use and ergonomic technology is preferable. However, a few participants trust a system based on artificial intelligence.ConclusionAn interactive artificial intelligence technology could help post-stroke patients and their caregivers to restore motor autonomy. The insights from participants to develop the system depends on their motor ability and the role of patients or caregiver. Although technology grows exponentially, more efforts are needed to strengthen people’s trust in advanced technology

Discovery of the 151^{151}Eu α\alpha decay

We report on the first compelling observation of $\alpha$ decay of $^{151}$Eu to the ground state of $^{147}$Pm. The measurement was performed using a 6.15 g Li$_6$Eu(BO$_3$)$_3$ crystal operated as a scintillating bolometer. The Q-value and half-life measured are: Q = 1948.9$\pm 6.9(stat.) \pm 5.1(syst.)$ keV, and T$_{1/2}=\left( 4.62\pm0.95(stat.)\pm0.68(syst.)\right) \times 10^{18}$ y . The half-life prediction of nuclear theory using the Coulomb and proximity potential model are in good agreement with this experimental result

Initial performance of the CUORE-0 experiment

CUORE-0 is a cryogenic detector that uses an array of tellurium dioxide bolometers to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of ^{130}Te. We present the first data analysis with 7.1 kg y of total TeO_2 exposure focusing on background measurements and energy resolution. The background rates in the neutrinoless double-beta decay region of interest (2.47 to 2.57 MeV) and in the {\alpha} background-dominated region (2.70 to 3.90 MeV) have been measured to be 0.071 \pm 0.011 and 0.019 \pm 0.002 counts/keV/kg/y, respectively. The latter result represents a factor of 6 improvement from a predecessor experiment, Cuoricino. The results verify our understanding of the background sources in CUORE-0, which is the basis of extrapolations to the full CUORE detector. The obtained energy resolution (full width at half maximum) in the region of interest is 5.7 keV. Based on the measured background rate and energy resolution in the region of interest, CUORE-0 half-life sensitivity is expected to surpass the observed lower bound of Cuoricino with one year of live time.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, version 2 as published in Eur. Phys. J.

Neutrinoless double-beta decay search with CUORE and CUORE-0 experiments

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is an upcoming experiment designed to search for the neutrinoless double-beta decays. Observation of the process would unambiguously establish that neutrinos are Majorana particles and provide information on their absolute mass scale hierarchy. CUORE is now under construction and will consist of an array of 988 TeO2 crystal bolometers operated at 10 mK, but the first tower (CUORE-0) is already taking data. The experimental techniques used will be presented as well as the preliminary CUORE-0 results. The current status of the full-mass experiment and its expected sensitivity will then be discussed

Three-Year Overall Survival with Tebentafusp in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma.

BackgroundTebentafusp, a T-cell receptor-bispecific molecule that targets glycoprotein 100 and CD3, is approved for adult patients who are positive for HLA-A*02:01 and have unresectable or metastatic uveal melanoma. The primary analysis in the present phase 3 trial supported a long-term survival benefit associated with the drug.MethodsWe report the 3-year efficacy and safety results from our open-label, phase 3 trial in which HLA-A*02:01-positive patients with previously untreated metastatic uveal melanoma were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive tebentafusp (tebentafusp group) or the investigator's choice of therapy with pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, or dacarbazine (control group), with randomization stratified according to the lactate dehydrogenase level. The primary end point was overall survival.ResultsAt a minimum follow-up of 36 months, median overall survival was 21.6 months in the tebentafusp group and 16.9 months in the control group (hazard ratio for death, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.54 to 0.87). The estimated percentage of patients surviving at 3 years was 27% in the tebentafusp group and 18% in the control group. The most common treatment-related adverse events of any grade in the tebentafusp group were rash (83%), pyrexia (76%), pruritus (70%), and hypotension (38%). Most tebentafusp-related adverse events occurred early during treatment, and no new adverse events were observed with long-term administration. The percentage of patients who discontinued treatment because of adverse events continued to be low in both treatment groups (2% in the tebentafusp group and 5% in the control group). No treatment-related deaths occurred.ConclusionsThis 3-year analysis supported a continued long-term benefit of tebentafusp for overall survival among adult HLA-A*02:01-positive patients with previously untreated metastatic uveal melanoma. (Funded by Immunocore; IMCgp100-202 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03070392; EudraCT number, 2015-003153-18.)

The massive fossil humerus from the Oldowan horizon of Gombore I, Melka Kunture (Ethiopia, >1.39 Ma)

A well-preserved distal portion of a left humerus was discovered in 1976 during excavations directed by J. Chavaillon at the Gombore I site, in the Melka Kunture area (Ethiopia). The specimen, labelled Gombore IB-7594 (formally Melka Kunture 3, or MK3), was found in situ within unit 2 of level B, which is dated to >1.39 Ma and includes a rich Oldowan Paleolithic assemblage. Although MK3 has never been described in detail, it appeared in the literature several times and, from a taxonomic point of view, has been alternatively regarded as Homo, Australopithecus or Paranthropus. According to our analysis, MK3 exhibits a suite of features that fit the variability of the genus Homo and does not display any clear Australopithecus/Paranthropus affinity. Nevertheless, MK3 adds a great deal of variability to the genus Homo, at least as far as the Early Pleistocene fossil record is concerned. In particular, our quantitative approach, which combines traditional morphometric analyses and geometric morphometrics, highlights traits that are uncommon among the Plio-Pleistocene fossil record, while affinities with Mid-to-Late Pleistocene representatives of Homo are observed. In addition, the large size of MK3 suggests that this humerus belonged to an individual whose body weight approached 90 kg, far from the range of body size known for Homo representatives in the Early Pleistocene and as big as those of extant humans or even gorillas. We suggest that such peculiar features are of interest when regarded from an ecological perspective; thus, dimension and morphology of MK3 may be considered as an exaptation that became useful when early humans dispersed to high altitudes such as those of the upper Awash basin on the Ethiopian plateau, at heights above 2000 m