72 research outputs found
Sistemas de activaciĂłn e inhibiciĂłn conductual en los trastornos depresivos atendidos en la atenciĂłn primaria en salud : un estudio de seguimiento a 6 meses /
Consultable des del TDXTĂtol obtingut de la portada digitalitzadaEstudio 1 En los Ășltimos años se ha sugerido que la evaluaciĂłn telefĂłnica de la salud mental es igual de vĂĄlida que la realizada cara a cara. Sin embargo, pocos instrumentos se encuentran validados especĂficamente para este propĂłsito. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la validez del procedimiento de la administraciĂłn telefĂłnica de dos instrumentos que fueron empleados en el Estudio 2: la escala para valorar sintomatologĂa depresiva Patient Health Questionnaire 9-items depression module (PHQ-9) y el cuestionario de personalidad Sensibilidad al Castigo/ Sensibilidad a la Recompensa (SCSR) como medida de la actividad de los sistemas de activaciĂłn e inhibiciĂłn conductual. Los resultados obtenidos permiten establecer que la administraciĂłn telefĂłnica de la escala PHQ-9 y del cuestionario SCSR es fiable y genera resultados muy similares a los obtenidos en formato auto-administrado. Estudio 2 Una serie de estudios recientes sugieren que las personas con depresiĂłn presentan hipoactividad del sistema de activaciĂłn conductual (SAC) y/o hiperactividad del sistema de inhibiciĂłn conductual (SIC). Estas alteraciones han sido relacionadas con el curso y el pronĂłstico de la depresiĂłn. El objetivo de este estudio longitudinal, con seguimiento durante 6 meses, fue evaluar las diferencias individuales respecto de la actividad del SAC y SIC en un grupo de personas con trastornos depresivos que recibĂa tratamiento farmacolĂłgico antidepresivo en la atenciĂłn primaria y compararlas con las de un grupo de personas sin historia de trastornos del ĂĄnimo (control). Los resultados sugieren que las personas con depresiĂłn mayor presentan, de manera estable e independiente del estatus clĂnico, hipoactividad del SAC al compararlas con personas con depresiĂłn menor, personas con trastorno depresivo no especificado y personas sin historia de trastornos del ĂĄnimo. AdemĂĄs, estos Ășltimos tres grupos no presentaron diferencias ente sĂ respecto de la actividad del SAC. La hipoactividad del SAC tambiĂ©n estarĂa relacionada con el cumplimiento terapĂ©utico y tanto la actividad del SAC como la del SIC no serĂa diferente entre las personas que toman o no un inhibidor selectivo de la recaptaciĂłn de serotonina.Study 1 In the last years, it has been suggested that telephone assessment of mental health is as valid as face-to-face assessment. However, few instruments have been specifically validated for this purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate procedural validity of the telephone-administered Patient Health Questionnaire 9-items depression module (PHQ-9) and Sensitivity to Punishment/ Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ). The PHQ-9 is a depression severity measure and the SPSRQ a measure of the activity of the behavioural activation and inhibition systems. Both instruments were used in the second study. Results suggest that telephone administration of the PHQ-9 and SPSRQ is reliable as it yields results very close to the self-administered versions. Study 2 Several recent studies suggest that participants suffering from depression show hipoactivity of the behavioral activation system (BAS) and/or hyperactivity of the behavioral inhibition system (BIS). These alterations have been related to the course and prognosis of depression. The aim of this longitudinal 6 month follow-up study, was to assess individual differences regarding BIS and BAS activity of depressed participants receiving antidepressant treatment at primary care, and to compare them to a control group (participants without personal history of mood disorders). Results suggest that participants with major depression (MD) show BAS hipoactivity when compared to participants with minor depression (MiD), participants with depressive disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS) or control participants. BAS hipoactivity was found to be stable and independent of clinical state. Additionally, participants with MD, MiD or DDNOS did not show differences regarding BAS activity. BAS hipoactivity was related to treatment compliance, and both BIS and BAS activity were similar between participants taking or not a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Toward a Global View of Alcohol, Tobacco, Cannabis, and Cocaine Use: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
Louisa Degenhardt and colleagues report an international survey of 17 countries that finds clear differences in drug use across different regions of the world
Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory
A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding
eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers
with zenith angles greater than detected with the Pierre Auger
Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum
confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above
eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law with
index followed by
a smooth suppression region. For the energy () at which the
spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence
of suppression, we find
eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger
Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers.
These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of
the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray
energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30
to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of
the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is
determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated
using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due
to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components.
The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of
the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the
AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air
shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy
-- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy
estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the
surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator
scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent
emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for
the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at
least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy
We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio
emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate
energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of
15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV
arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling
quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from
state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our
measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric
energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with
our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector
against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI.
Supplemental material in the ancillary file
Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study
: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (pâ=â0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (pâ=â0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (pâ=â0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (pâ=â0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (pâ=â0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (pâ=â0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (pâ=â0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (pâ<â0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (pâ=â0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (pâ=â0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)
Behavioural Inhibition and Behavioural Activation Systems in current and recovered major depression participants
A number of theorists have proposed that the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) and the Behavioural Activation System (BAS) could be abnormal in subjects with depression. Subjects with major depression (MD) could show a hyperactive BIS and a hypoactive BAS. Individual differences in BIS and BAS activity were examined among depressed, recovered and non-depressed participants. Using the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire, 15 participants with current MD, 35 participants recovered from MD, and 30 non-psychiatric controls were assessed. Compared to non-psychiatric controls, participants with current MD showed a hyperactive BIS and a hypoactive BAS, while participants recovered from MD showed similar BIS activity and a hypoactive BAS. Overall, results suggest that a hypoactive BAS could be a traitâvulnerability marker for MD even after recovery
Evaluation of behavioural activation and inhibition systems by telephone
Introduction and objectives: The activity of behavioral inhibition and activation systems
(BIS and BAS) has been related to several mental disorders. The availability of a validated
questionnaire to assess BIS and BAS over the telephone could aid research. The objective
of the present study was to evaluate the procedural validity of telephone administration
of the sensitivity to punishment/sensitivity to reward questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure
of BIS and BAS activity (by means of its two scales: the sensitivity to punishment [SP]
scale and the sensitivity to reward [SR] scale).
Methods: A total of 231 participants were assessed with the SPSRQ twice (over the
telephone and in a self-administered format). Intraclass correlation coefficients and
kappa indices were calculated. Additionally, possible differences between the mean
scores obtained with the two assessment procedures and internal consistency were
explored.
Results: Telephone and self-assessment of BIS and BAS, by means of the SPSRQ, provided
similar results, supporting the procedural validity of telephone administration. A
slight but statistically significant tendency (estimated betha = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.33-0.92;
p < 0.001) toward lower scores was observed for the telephone-administered SP scale and
for the interaction âfirst or second assessment/telephone or self-administered SPSRQâ
for the SR scale (p = 0.023).
Conclusions: The results of the present study support the reliability of telephone
assessment of BIS and BAS by means of the SPSRQ
EvaluaciĂłn telefĂłnica de los sistemas de activaciĂłn e inhibiciĂłn conductual
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:
The activity of behavioral inhibition and activation systems (BIS and BAS) has been related to several mental disorders. The availability of a validated questionnaire to assess BIS and BAS over the telephone could aid research. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the procedural validity of telephone administration of the sensitivity to punishment/sensitivity to reward questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of BIS and BAS activity (by means of its two scales: the sensitivity to punishment [SP] scale and the sensitivity to reward [SR] scale).
METHODS:
A total of 231 participants were assessed with the SPSRQ twice (over the telephone and in a self-administered format). Intraclass correlation coefficients and kappa indices were calculated. Additionally, possible differences between the mean scores obtained with the two assessment procedures and internal consistency were explored.
RESULTS:
Telephone and self-assessment of BIS and BAS, by means of the SPSRQ, provided similar results, supporting the procedural validity of telephone administration. A slight but statistically significant tendency (estimated betha = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.33-0.92; p<0.001) toward lower scores was observed for the telephone-administered SP scale and for the interaction "first or second assessment/telephone or self-administered SPSRQ" for the SR scale (p=0.023).
CONCLUSIONS:
The results of the present study support the reliability of telephone assessment of BIS and BAS by means of the SPSRQ
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