2,264 research outputs found

    Effects of cerium dioxide nanoparticles in Oncorhynchus mykiss liver and kidney after an acute exposure: assessment of oxidative stress, genotoxicity and histological alterations

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    Atualmente, as nanopartículas de dióxido de cério (CeO2-NPs) apresentam inúmeras aplicações que vão desde a indústria até ao uso doméstico conduzindo à presença ubíqua deste composto no ambiente, em particular no compartimento aquático. Perante os poucos estudos existentes sobre o impacto destas nanopartículas no meio aquático, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a toxicidade de CeO2-NPs no fígado e rim de Oncorhynchus mykiss (truta arco-íris) após exposição aguda (96h) a três diferentes concentrações (0,25; 2,50 e 25,00 mg/L) deste composto. Avaliou-se a genotoxicidade (comet assay), a resposta ao stress oxidativo (Catalase CAT, Glutationa-S-transferases GSTs), a peroxidação lipídica (substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico TBARS), os danos histopatológicos e o efeito na atividade da Na+/K+-ATPase no rim. A exposição ao CeO2-NPs resultou em genotoxicidade nos hepatócitos em todos os grupos expostos ao composto, na inibição da CAT na concentração mais alta (25,00 mg/L) e em alterações histológicas em todos os grupos expostos, com predominância de alterações progressivas, circulatórias e inflamatórias. Porém TBARS, GSTs e Na+/K+-ATPase não apresentaram diferenças significativas comparativamente ao grupo controlo (indivíduos não expostos). Os resultados obtidos neste estudo sugerem assim que CeO2-NPs é capaz de causar genotoxicidade, desequilíbrio da CAT e alterações histológicas em fígado de truta arco-íris.At present cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) have numerous applications ranging from industry to the household, leading to its wide presence in the environment, namely in the aquatic compartment. The hereby study aimed to assess the toxic effects of CeO2-NPs in Oncorhynchus mykiss liver and kidney after an acute exposure (96h) to three different concentrations (0.25, 2.50 and 25.00 mg/L) of the compound. Genotoxicity (comet assay), oxidative stress response (Catalase CAT; Glutathione S-Transferases GSTs), lipidic peroxidation (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances TBARS), histopathology and Na+/K+-ATPase activity were evaluated. CeO2-NPs exposure resulted in genotoxic damage in all exposure treatments, inhibition of CAT in the highest concentration (25.00 mg/L) and histopathological changes in all exposure concentrations with predominance of progressive, circulatory and inflammatory alterations. However TBARS, GSTs and Na+/K+-ATPase activity showed no significant differences comparatively to the control (unexposed) group. The results suggest that CeO2-NPs are able to cause genotoxicity, CAT impairment and histological alterations in the liver of rainbow trout

    Habitat Variation in Vernal Pool Ecosystems on Both Sides of the Strait of Gibraltar

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    We studied vernal pool (VP) ecosystems along a latitudinal gradient crossing the Strait of Gibraltar in order to determine its role in the distribution of VP plant communities. We analyzed flora, vegetation, physical–chemical water parameters, and climatic data from two vernal pool areas on both the European (Iberian) and African (Moroccan) sides of the Strait. Despite the minor distance between both territories, the pools clearly differed in species composition and ecology. However, they showed a similar vegetation zonation in growth forms, including isoetid, batrachiid, and helophytic vegetation. The distribution of the plant communities was related to nutrient load, temperature, and precipitation. Water nitrate concentration was higher in Morocco, where VPs are characterized by Isoetes velata subsp. adspersa and Ranunculus saniculifolius communities. Iberian VPs had lower water nitrate content, and were characterized by Isoetes velata subsp. velata and Ranunculus peltatus communities. We think this nutrient difference is likely to be caused by the different land management regime on each side of the Strait, with more intensive agriculture in Morocco. Long-term (historical) and present-day (ecological) processes have been proposed to account for the habitat variation in vernal pool ecosystems on both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar

    Prevalência de síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono: um estudo da Rede Médicos-Sentinela

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    Este estudo tem como objetivo estimar a prevalência de SAOS com diagnóstico conhecido na população sob observação da Rede Médicos-Sentinela (MS)

    Cononocimiento del profesor sobre pensamiento estadístico

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    En este artículo se muestran los diferentes elementos del pensamiento estadístico a través de la práctica de dos profesoras. Dado que se parte de la práctica docente, el marco metodológico es el modelo del cuarteto del conocimiento. Este modelo permite determinar el conocimiento movilizado en una clase a través de las situaciones o tareas que plantea el profesor a sus alumnos. Se describen brevemente los elementos del pensamiento estadístico y su asociación con cada una de las dimensiones del cuarteto a través de diversos episodios de aula al trabajar el tópico de los gráficos estadísticos. Esta recopilación puede constituir una muestra del conocimiento que debe tener un profesor y que puede guiar el diseño de la formación de profesores

    Síndrome de Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento. Um estudo da Rede Médicos-Sentinela

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    Estudo realizado em parceria com o Programa Nacional para as Doenças Respiratórias e a Rede Médicos SentinelaIntrodução: A síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) caracteriza-se por episódios recorrentes de apneias e hipopneias, secundários ao colapso da via aérea superior no sono, encontrando-se associada a complicações cardiovasculares. Desconhece-se a sua magnitude em Portugal, nomeadamente, ao nível dos cuidados de saúde primários. Material e métodos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal, no qual os Médicos-Sentinela participantes notificaram voluntariamente todos os casos com diagnóstico de SAOS das suas listas de utentes diagnosticados até 31 de Dezembro de 2013. Calculou-se a prevalência de SAOS desagregada por sexo e grupo etário, caracterizando-se os casos segundo sexo, idade, tipo de diagnóstico, tratamento e antecedentes pessoais. Para o estudo de associações entre fatores de risco e SAOS grave calcularam-se Odds Ratio ajustados para confundimento, através de um modelo de regressão logística. Resultados: A prevalência de SAOS na população com 25 ou mais anos de foi de 0,89 % (IC 95: 0,80 %-1,00 %), sendo superior no sexo masculino 1,47 % (IC 95: 1,30 % - 1,67 %) e no grupo etário entre os 65 e os 74 anos (2,35 %). A maioria tinha SAOS grave (48,4 %). A obesidade (84,6%), hipertensão arterial (74,8 %) e diabetes mellitus (38,7 %) foram as co-morbilidades mais frequentes; ser do sexo masculino (OR: 2,6) e ter obesidade (OR: 4,0) associou-se a um maior risco de SAOS grave. Discussão: Observou-se uma prevalência menor do que a estimada noutros países o que pode estar relacionado com a definição de caso ou revelar um subdiagnóstico desta condição clínica como referido por outros autores

    Pilot-scale study on the removal of pharmaceuticals by LECA based SSF-constructed wetlands

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    In recent years, the occurrence and fate of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the aquatic environment has been recognized as one of the emerging issues in environmental chemistry. Some compounds are just resistant to degradation in the sewage treatment plants (STPs) while others, although suffering partial degradation, still end up in receiving water bodies due to the large inputs received in STPs [1]. Clofibric acid (a metabolite from a series of widely used blood lipids lowering agents), ibuprofen (an anti-inflamatory non-prescription drug) and carbamazepine (an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug) are some of the most frequently found PhACs in environmental monitoring studies [1]. Wastewater treatment by sub-surface flow constructed wetland systems (SSF-CWs) is a low-cost technology that has shown some capacity for removal of several organic xenobiotic pollutants, but fewer studies exist on pharmaceuticals behavior. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the efficiency of a pilot SSF-CW assembled with the plants cattail (Typha spp.) and a clay material (LECA 2/4) as support matrix, for the removal of three pharmaceuticals, namely ibuprofen (IB), carbamazepine (CB) and clofibric acid (CA), from contaminated wastewaters. Four beds were planted with pre-grown cattails (density of 80 plants/m2) and four were left unplanted to be used as controls. Experiments were conducted both in batch and in continuous mode with a flooding rate of 100%. Pharmaceutical concentrations were quantified by HPLC with UV detection at 210 nm (CB), 222 nm (IB) and 230 nm (CA). Solid phase extraction was used for sample pre-concentration whenever the measured pharmaceutical concentrations fell under the limit of quantification of the analytical method. The physico-chemical characterization of the support matrix material, LECA, involved the determination of properties such as pH, point of zero charge, electrical conductivity, apparent porosity, bulk density and hydraulic conductivity. In order to shed some light on the tolerance mechanisms developed by Typha spp. in the presence of these pharmaceuticals, biochemical and physiological parameters were evaluated. Typha spp. showed good tolerance to the presence of CA, CB and IB concentrations of 1 mg L-1, which is a value much higher than those usually reported in wastewaters. LECA alone was able to remove about 90% of the initial amounts of CB and IB in solution, and 50% of CA. IB was very susceptible to microbial degradation and up to 80% of the initial concentration could be removed by the microbial population present in the wastewater used. Overall, the CWS shows a higher removal performance for CA, CB and IB than any of its individual components (plants, support matrix, microorganisms) considered separately. CA proved to be the most resilient compound, which comes in agreement with other published data. However, this system enabled the removal of substantially higher amounts of CA than has previously been reported in other studies. The use of systems of this kind for the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewaters seems like a promising alternative to the less efficient processes of conventional wastewater treatment

    A MEMÓRIA DE UM UNIVERSO HISTÓRICO NA ESCRITA DE AGUALUSA

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    ANALYZE THE ROUTE MEMORIAL BUILT ON THE WORK THE SELLER OF THE PAST (2004) BY JOSÉ EDUARDO AGUALUSA, ANGOLAN WRITER, IN WHICH THE MEMORY ACTS AS AN "AGENT OF THE STRUCTURE” TO REVEALING THE PAST HISTORY OF THE ANGOLAN SOCIETY AS A “HISTORIOGRAPHIC METAFICTION” IN WORDS OF THE SCHOLAR PUTS IT (2006) BETWEEN THE GENEALOGIES CREATED BY FELIX VENTURA AS A SALESMAN OF THE PAST AND REVEALED THE IDENTITIES OF THE CHARACTERS THAT MAKE UP THIS STORY.ANALISA-SE O PERCURSO MEMORIAL CONSTRUÍDO NA OBRA O VENDEDOR DE PASSADOS (2004) DE JOSÉ EDUARDO AGUALUSA, ESCRITOR ANGOLANO, EM QUE A MEMÓRIA ATUA COMO UM “AGENTE DA ESTRUTURA”. REVELANDO O PASSADO HISTÓRICO DA SOCIEDADE ANGOLANA COMO UMA “METAFICÇÃO HISTORIOGRÁFICA”, NOS DIZERES DA ESTUDIOSA INOCÊNCIA MATA (2006), ENTRE AS GENEALOGIAS CRIADAS POR FÉLIX VENTURA COMO VENDEDOR DE PASSADOS E AS IDENTIDADES REVELADAS DOS PERSONAGENS QUE COMPÕEM ESSA NARRATIVA

    Em defesa de uma educação literária por meio da construção de sentidos nas letras do Mayombe

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    The importance of literary education comprises the nucleus of this analysis, in which the aspects that involved the reading developed in the classroom of the work Mayombe (1980), by the Angolan Pepetela, in a third-year high school class are discussed. Therefore, the theoretical and methodological foundation of literary literacy was relevant so that it was possible to analyze the issues inherent to each stage of reading this work in the classroom.A importância da educação literária compreende o núcleo desta análise, na qual são discutidos os aspectos que envolveram a leitura desenvolvida em sala de aula da obra Mayombe (1980), do angolano Pepetela, em uma turma do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio. Para tanto, a fundamentação teórica e metodológica do letramento literário foi relevante para que fosse possível analisar as questões inerentes a cada estágio do momento de leitura dessa obra em sala de aula
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