Pedagogical activities aimed at developing entrepreneurial competencies at the preschool level through the position of PIAGET and GARDNER

El presente proyecto tiene como problema la falta de capacitación con respecto al manejo de la pedagogía y la didáctica para impartir el conocimiento del emprendimiento en un entorno determinado, sin dejar que los niños planteen sus propias ideas y participen en su proceso de formación. Esta investigación se estableció con el fin de diseñar actividades pedagógicas orientadas al desarrollo de competencias emprendedoras, las cuales fueron aplicadas, analizadas y evaluadas bajo las teorías propuestas por Piaget y Gardner determinando su efectividad. El proyecto se desarrolló bajo el enfoque sistémico y la investigación acción, obteniendo como resultado, que es posible trabajar competencias emprendedoras por medio de actividades lúdicas pedagógicas. Las cuales se ven reflejadas en actitudes de liderazgo, creatividad, trabajo en equipo e innovación permitiéndole al niño ser líder de sus ideas, expresarlas con facilidad y tomar decisiones en grupo entre otras.The problem of this project is the lack of training regarding the management of pedagogy and didactics to impart knowledge of entrepreneurship in a given environment, without letting the children come up with their own ideas and participate in their training process. This research was established in order to design pedagogical activities aimed at developing entrepreneurial skills, which were applied, analyzed and evaluated under the theories proposed by Piaget and Gardner, determining their effectiveness. The project was developed under a systemic approach and action research, obtaining as a result that it is possible to work on entrepreneurial skills through educational recreational activities. Which are reflected in attitudes of leadership, creativity, teamwork and innovation, allowing the child to be a leader of their ideas, express them easily and make group decisions, among others

XIII Jornada de Investigación 2022

Los desafíos en las dinámicas económicas, sociales, políticas y psicológicas han puesto de relieve la importancia de involucrar en la enseñanza universitaria actividades que conecten a los estudiantes con las realidades del contexto en el que se desarrollan; simultáneamente, hoy más que nunca se hace evidente que la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación (CTI) son cruciales para atender los retos sociales, ambientales y económicos de las sociedades actuales. En este contexto, la Jornada de Investigación de la Universidad Católica de Colombia es quizás uno de los espacios institucionales más emblemáticos en el que se visibilizan las actividades en CTI de estudiantes, jóvenes investigadores y profesores, que buscan contribuir a la solución de problemáticas relevantes del entorno. En esta oportunidad, aproximadamente 177 autores y más de 250 espectadores se dieron cita en un escenario virtual que permitió el intercambio de saberes y conocimientos en torno a muchos temas con un lenguaje común: el bienestar de la humanidad y la respuesta efectiva a los retos que tenemos como comunidad. Esta cuarta versión de las Memorias compila las ponencias presentadas en la XIII Jornada de Investigación de 2022, enmarcadas en los tres ejes temáticos de investigación que tiene la Universidad Católica de Colombia: i) Derecho, Cultura y Sociedad, ii) Desarrollo Humano y Sostenible, y iii) Gestión de la Tecnología al Servicio de la Sociedad. Desde la Dirección Central de Investigaciones nos encontramos profundamente agradecidos con todos y cada uno de los participantes, y nos sentimos aún más orgullosos por la calidad de los trabajos presentados. Sea esta la oportunidad para hacer extensiva una felicitación a los autores y a las diferentes Unidades Académicas que, con su compromiso e invaluable labor, permitieron que este evento se desarrollara con éxito.Persona, hospitalidad y construcción de comunidad desde la fraternidad. José Martí: acerca de la libertad en la condición humana. Moda, imagen y alimentación: una tríada para el bien y para el mal. Lecciones de la pandemia de covid-19: conflictos entre la protección jurídica de las patentes farmacéuticas y el interés general de la salud pública. Psicología y sexualidad: propuesta para la formación de psicólogos colombianos. Estrategias para el desarrollo de herramientas que fomentan el aprendizaje para el reconocimiento y la apropiación del patrimonio cultural. Análisis descriptivo de relatos honestos y deshonestos por medio del sistema de evaluación global. El uso de la herramienta LIWC para el estudio de relatos altruistas y prosociales. ¿De qué manera influyen las redes sociales como medio de información en campañas políticas?. Sistema de Seguridad Social en Colombia: una crisis deficitaria que se refuerza con el tiempo. Turismo sexual en menores de edad: problemática endémica en el territorio colombiano. Transgresión de los derechos humanos en relación con los asesinatos de líderes sociales en el Estado colombiano. El nuevo escenario para la procedencia de la eutanasia en Colombia: una mirada desde los derechos humanos. Protección de los derechos de la infancia frente a los grupos al margen de la ley. El derecho a un nivel de vida adecuado: un enfoque hacia el desplazamiento forzado de los pueblos indígenas. Tráfico de órganos humanos: delito transnacional que vulnera los derechos humanos y su regulación en el marco jurídico colombiano. Transgresión de los derechos a la vida y la libertad en el sistema penitenciario como consecuencia de la violencia social. Acceso a la justicia colombiana en tiempos de SARS-CoV-2. Prioridades para la administración de justicia penal en Colombia: ¿balanceando espectáculo e indicadores de eficacia? Desarrollo de competencias para la investigación en neuropsicología: experiencia del semillero experimental. La dificultad al ingreso de los centros geriátricos. Principio de realidad sobre la formalidad constitucional en contrato verbal laboral en un satélite del Consultorio Jurídico de la Universidad Católica de Colombia. La pena de muerte en colisión con los derechos fundamentales. Maternidad subrogada: objetificación y vulneración de los derechos de la mujer. Una dieta inconsciente hacia el vegetarianismo. Sistema de evaluación del bienestar gerontológico para un diseño arquitectónico sostenible. Caso de estudio: hogar de paso San Francisco de Asís, Villavicencio, Meta. Revisión sistemática interacción líder-colaborador: futuras investigaciones. Análisis conceptual del talento académico desde los modelos teóricos que lo sustentan. Identificación de potenciales factores de riesgo suicida: una mirada contextual. La regulación emocional en tiempos de coronavirus. GEES: Guía de Evaluación de Edificaciones Sostenibles, vivienda de interés social, clima cálido húmedo. Estructura proyectual y sostenible para el diseño y desarrollo de un modelo de vivienda de madera en San Andrés y Providencia, Colombia. Innovación social para la gestión territorial. Construcción de material didáctico para el entrenamiento en habilidades de regulación emocional e interpersonales dirigidas a poblaciones expuestas a situaciones de violencia política. Alternativas sostenibles de modelos de desarrollo industrial. La ruralidad dentro de los procesos del desarrollo local en Usme. Se ha dejado de dibujar arquitectura con las manos. Calidad de vida, bienestar y felicidad en el trabajo: una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica, 2011-2021. Autonomía, autorregulación y educación moral: reflexiones desde la psicología del desarrollo moral. Características de los niños, niñas y adolescentes expuestos a contextos de conflicto armado en Colombia. Revisión bibliométrica de artículos sobre la crianza en niños, niñas y adolescentes colombianos. Narrativas sociales en el proceso de cualificación de lo público La habitación exterior como extensión de la vivienda. Utilización de nanopartículas magnéticas Fe3O4 y ozono para la degradación/eliminación de azul de metileno en agua residual textil. Estudio paramétrico de un modelo numérico Fem de un ensayo CBR. ¿Cómo construir identidad de manera incluyente a partir del reconocimiento de patrimonio cultural construido?. Veracidad de los resultados del ensayo de penetración dinámica de CONO(PDC). Análisis de texto a partir del procesamiento de lenguaje natural para identificar sintomatología depresiva en redes sociales. Análisis de texto para la detección de depresión en comentarios de usuarios de la red social Instagram. Diseño y desarrollo de un videojuego para evaluar la interacción de las redes atencionales en la sintomatología depresiva. Herramienta tecnológica para el apoyo en la detección de sintomatología ansiosa en jóvenes. Optimización del despliegue de aplicaciones web a partir de computación en nube sin servidor. Prototipo alfa de un videojuego serio para el apoyo en la detección de sintomatología depresiva en adultos jóvenes. La importancia de la visualización de datos en la era del Big Data y sus herramientas. Prototipo de sensor para el registro electroencefalográfico. Prototipo de un algoritmo basado en inteligencia artificial para el apoyo a especialistas en el diagnóstico del Alzheimer. Evaluación posocupacional del confort térmico en la vivienda social: análisis de una revisión sistemática prisma desde el diseño resiliente. Inteligencia artificial, problema u oportunidad para el Derecho. Impacto en el empleo en relación con las TIC y la inteligencia artificial. Neuroprivacidad. El test de asociación implícita, un paradigma que permite abordar nuestras actitudes inconscientes. ¿Cuál es el límite del uso de las tecnologías frente al derecho de información y de la libre expresión?. Tendencias de fijación de precios basados en el valor: un análisis desde la minería de datos. Recorrido virtual de la Universidad Católica de Colombia Sede Claustro para la inducción de estudiantes y docentes. Introducción a la bioarquitectura del paisaje, cartilla Paisaje, ambiente y tecnología. Descripción plan piloto (Choachí). Caracterización de las habilidades específicas para el reconocimiento del patrimonio cultural – Borde urbano sur oriental de Bogotá. Videojuego para estimular la memoria episódica en pacientes con deterioro cognitivo leve: validación de contenido. CONCLUSIONESTercera edició

Prognostic relevance of glomerular filtration rate estimation obtained through different equations in hospitalized elderly patients

The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a predictor of important outcomes and its reduction has been associated with the risk of all-cause mortality in both general population and elderly patients. However while reduced renal function is common in older people, the best method for estimating GFR remains unclear, especially in an acute care setting. Most studies analyzing the accuracy of eGFR in the elderly were carried out in different heterogeneous settings. In this study, we compare the prognostic value of different formulas estimating GFR in predicting the risk of in-hospital morbidity and mortality within 3 months from discharge in elderly hospitalized patients. Data were extracted from \u201cRegistro Politerapia Societ\ue0 Italiana di Medicina Interna (REPOSI)\u201d. Patients with available creatinine values at hospital admission were selected and eGFR was calculated according to the different formulas: Cockcroft-Gault, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration, Berlin Initiative Study and Full Age Spectrum. 4621 patients were included in the analysis. Among these, 4.2% and 14.2% died during hospitalization and within 3 months from discharge, respectively. eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 at admission was associated with a very low risk of mortality during the hospital stay and within 90 days from discharge, while an eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was associated with unfavorable outcomes, although with a poor level of accuracy (AUC 0.60\u20130.66). No difference in predictive power between different equations was found. Physicians should be aware of the prognostic role of eGFR in a comprehensive assessment of elderly in-patients

Prevalence, characteristics and treatment of chronic pain in elderly patients hospitalized in internal medicine wards

Background: Chronic pain is a frequent characteristic of elderly people and represents an actual and still poorly debated topic. Objective: We investigated pain prevalence and intensity, and its pharmacological therapy in elderly patients hospitalized in 101 internal medicine wards. Methods: Taking advantage of the “REgistro POliterapie Società Italiana Medicina Interna” (REPOSI), we collected 2535 patients of whom almost a quarter was older than 85 years old. Among them, 582 patients were affected by pain (either chronic or acute) and 296 were diagnosed with chronic pain. Results: Patients with pain showed worse cognitive status, higher depression and comorbidities, and a longer duration of hospital stay compared to those without pain (all p <.0366). Patients with chronic pain revealed lower level of independency in their daily life, worse cognitive status and higher level of depression compared to acute pain patients (all p <.0156). Moreover, most of them were not treated for pain at admission (73.4%) and half of them was not treated with any analgesic drug at discharge (50.5%). This difference affected also the reported levels of pain intensity. Patients who received analgesics at both admission and discharge remained stable (p =.172). Conversely, those not treated at admission who received an analgesic treatment during the hospital stay decreased their perceived pain (p <.0001). Conclusions: Our results show the need to focus more attention on the pharmacological treatment of chronic pain, especially in hospitalized elderly patients, in order to support them and facilitate their daily life after hospital discharge

Appropriateness of antiplatelet therapy for primary and secondary cardio- and cerebrovascular prevention in acutely hospitalized older people

Aims: Antiplatelet therapy is recommended for the secondary prevention of cardio- and cerebrovascular disease, but for primary prevention it is advised only in patients at very high risk. With this background, this study aims to assess the appropriateness of antiplatelet therapy in acutely hospitalized older people according to their risk profile. Methods: Data were obtained from the REPOSI register held in Italian and Spanish internal medicine and geriatric wards in 2012 and 2014. Hospitalized patients aged 6565 assessable at discharge were selected. Appropriateness of the antiplatelet therapy was evaluated according to their primary or secondary cardiovascular prevention profiles. Results: Of 2535 enrolled patients, 2199 were assessable at discharge. Overall 959 (43.6%, 95% CI 41.5\u201345.7) were prescribed an antiplatelet drug, aspirin being the most frequently chosen. Among patients prescribed for primary prevention, just over half were inappropriately prescribed (52.1%), being mainly overprescribed (155/209 patients, 74.2%). On the other hand, there was also a high rate of inappropriate underprescription in the context of secondary prevention (222/726 patients, 30.6%, 95% CI 27.3\u201334.0%). Conclusions: This study carried out in acutely hospitalized older people shows a high degree of inappropriate prescription among patients prescribed with antiplatelets for primary prevention, mainly due to overprescription. Further, a large proportion of patients who had had overt cardio- or cerebrovascular disease were underprescribed, in spite of the established benefits of antiplatelet drugs in the context of secondary prevention

Epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection and sepsis in critically ill patients: "AbSeS", a multinational observational cohort study and ESICM Trials Group Project

PURPOSE: To describe the epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection in an international cohort of ICU patients according to a new system that classifies cases according to setting of infection acquisition (community-acquired, early onset hospital-acquired, and late-onset hospital-acquired), anatomical disruption (absent or present with localized or diffuse peritonitis), and severity of disease expression (infection, sepsis, and septic shock). METHODS: We performed a multicenter (n = 309), observational, epidemiological study including adult ICU patients diagnosed with intra-abdominal infection. Risk factors for mortality were assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The cohort included 2621 patients. Setting of infection acquisition was community-acquired in 31.6%, early onset hospital-acquired in 25%, and late-onset hospital-acquired in 43.4% of patients. Overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was 26.3% and difficult-to-treat resistant Gram-negative bacteria 4.3%, with great variation according to geographic region. No difference in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was observed according to setting of infection acquisition. Overall mortality was 29.1%. Independent risk factors for mortality included late-onset hospital-acquired infection, diffuse peritonitis, sepsis, septic shock, older age, malnutrition, liver failure, congestive heart failure, antimicrobial resistance (either methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria, or carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria) and source control failure evidenced by either the need for surgical revision or persistent inflammation. CONCLUSION: This multinational, heterogeneous cohort of ICU patients with intra-abdominal infection revealed that setting of infection acquisition, anatomical disruption, and severity of disease expression are disease-specific phenotypic characteristics associated with outcome, irrespective of the type of infection. Antimicrobial resistance is equally common in community-acquired as in hospital-acquired infection.status: publishe

Antimicrobial Lessons From a Large Observational Cohort on Intra-abdominal Infections in Intensive Care Units

evere intra-abdominal infection commonly requires intensive care. Mortality is high and is mainly determined by disease-specific characteristics, i.e. setting of infection onset, anatomical barrier disruption, and severity of disease expression. Recent observations revealed that antimicrobial resistance appears equally common in community-acquired and late-onset hospital-acquired infection. This challenges basic principles in anti-infective therapy guidelines, including the paradigm that pathogens involved in community-acquired infection are covered by standard empiric antimicrobial regimens, and second, the concept of nosocomial acquisition as the main driver for resistance involvement. In this study, we report on resistance profiles of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in distinct European geographic regions based on an observational cohort study on intra-abdominal infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Resistance against aminopenicillins, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins in E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa is problematic, as is carbapenem-resistance in the latter pathogen. For E. coli and K. pneumoniae, resistance is mainly an issue in Central Europe, Eastern and South-East Europe, and Southern Europe, while resistance in P. aeruginosa is additionally problematic in Western Europe. Vancomycin-resistance in E. faecalis is of lesser concern but requires vigilance in E. faecium in Central and Eastern and South-East Europe. In the subcohort of patients with secondary peritonitis presenting with either sepsis or septic shock, the appropriateness of empiric antimicrobial therapy was not associated with mortality. In contrast, failure of source control was strongly associated with mortality. The relevance of these new insights for future recommendations regarding empiric antimicrobial therapy in intra-abdominal infections is discussed.Severe intra-abdominal infection commonly requires intensive care. Mortality is high and is mainly determined by diseasespecific characteristics, i.e. setting of infection onset, anatomical barrier disruption, and severity of disease expression. Recent observations revealed that antimicrobial resistance appears equally common in community-acquired and late-onset hospital-acquired infection. This challenges basic principles in anti-infective therapy guidelines, including the paradigm that pathogens involved in community-acquired infection are covered by standard empiric antimicrobial regimens, and second, the concept of nosocomial acquisition as the main driver for resistance involvement. In this study, we report on resistance profiles of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in distinct European geographic regions based on an observational cohort study on intra-abdominal infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Resistance against aminopenicillins, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins in E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa is problematic, as is carbapenem-resistance in the latter pathogen. For E. coli and K. pneumoniae, resistance is mainly an issue in Central Europe, Eastern and South-East Europe, and Southern Europe, while resistance in P. aeruginosa is additionally problematic in Western Europe. Vancomycin-resistance in E. faecalis is of lesser concern but requires vigilance in E. faecium in Central and Eastern and South-East Europe. In the subcohort of patients with secondary peritonitis presenting with either sepsis or septic shock, the appropriateness of empiric antimicrobial therapy was not associated with mortality. In contrast, failure of source control was strongly associated with mortality. The relevance of these new insights for future recommendations regarding empiric antimicrobial therapy in intra-abdominal infections is discussed

Poor timing and failure of source control are risk factors for mortality in critically ill patients with secondary peritonitis

Purpose: To describe data on epidemiology, microbiology, clinical characteristics and outcome of adult patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) with secondary peritonitis, with special emphasis on antimicrobial therapy and source control. Methods: Post hoc analysis of a multicenter observational study (Abdominal Sepsis Study, AbSeS) including 2621 adult ICU patients with intra-abdominal infection in 306 ICUs from 42 countries. Time-till-source control intervention was calculated as from time of diagnosis and classified into 'emergency' (< 2 h), 'urgent' (2-6 h), and 'delayed' (> 6 h). Relationships were assessed by logistic regression analysis and reported as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The cohort included 1077 cases of microbiologically confirmed secondary peritonitis. Mortality was 29.7%. The rate of appropriate empiric therapy showed no difference between survivors and non-survivors (66.4% vs. 61.3%, p = 0.1). A stepwise increase in mortality was observed with increasing Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores (19.6% for a value ≤ 4-55.4% for a value > 12, p < 0.001). The highest odds of death were associated with septic shock (OR 3.08 [1.42-7.00]), late-onset hospital-acquired peritonitis (OR 1.71 [1.16-2.52]) and failed source control evidenced by persistent inflammation at day 7 (OR 5.71 [3.99-8.18]). Compared with 'emergency' source control intervention (< 2 h of diagnosis), 'urgent' source control was the only modifiable covariate associated with lower odds of mortality (OR 0.50 [0.34-0.73]). Conclusion: 'Urgent' and successful source control was associated with improved odds of survival. Appropriateness of empirical antimicrobial treatment did not significantly affect survival suggesting that source control is more determinative for outcome

Epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection and sepsis in critically ill patients: "AbSeS", a multinational observational cohort study and ESICM Trials Group Project

Purpose To describe the epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection in an international cohort of ICU patients according to a new system that classifies cases according to setting of infection acquisition (community-acquired, early onset hospital-acquired, and late-onset hospital-acquired), anatomical disruption (absent or present with localized or diffuse peritonitis), and severity of disease expression (infection, sepsis, and septic shock). Methods We performed a multicenter (n = 309), observational, epidemiological study including adult ICU patients diagnosed with intra-abdominal infection. Risk factors for mortality were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results The cohort included 2621 patients. Setting of infection acquisition was community-acquired in 31.6%, early onset hospital-acquired in 25%, and late-onset hospital-acquired in 43.4% of patients. Overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was 26.3% and difficult-to-treat resistant Gram-negative bacteria 4.3%, with great variation according to geographic region. No difference in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was observed according to setting of infection acquisition. Overall mortality was 29.1%. Independent risk factors for mortality included late-onset hospital-acquired infection, diffuse peritonitis, sepsis, septic shock, older age, malnutrition, liver failure, congestive heart failure, antimicrobial resistance (either methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria, or carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria) and source control failure evidenced by either the need for surgical revision or persistent inflammation. Conclusion This multinational, heterogeneous cohort of ICU patients with intra-abdominal infection revealed that setting of infection acquisition, anatomical disruption, and severity of disease expression are disease-specific phenotypic characteristics associated with outcome, irrespective of the type of infection. Antimicrobial resistance is equally common in community-acquired as in hospital-acquired infection