Elaboration of a Psychological Care Protocol in the General Hospital: Alcohol Users

O uso abusivo de álcool possui elevada incidência e implica em repercussões em várias esferas da vida do indivíduo, demandando intervenções psicológicas efetivas. Esse estudo objetivou a elaboração de um protocolo de atendimento psicológico direcionado a pacientes hospitalizados que fazem uso abusivo de álcool. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais de psicologia hospitalar e observação participante com pacientes. Para interpretação dos dados, foi utilizada a Análise de Conteúdo. O processo de revisão, categorização e observação proporcionou a elaboração de 10 itens do protocolo. Os resultados evidenciaram a necessidade do psicólogo avaliar aspectos relacionados à hospitalização, às possíveis alterações psíquicas, aos riscos e danos associados ao uso, ao mapeamento das potencialidades e ao estágio de mudança do paciente. Além disso, o psicólogo pode realizar intervenções de suporte emocional ao paciente e família, bem como estratégias baseadas na atuação multiprofissional, na articulação em rede e na política de redução de danos. Conclui-se que o psicólogo hospitalar pode sistematizar e fundamentar cientificamente suas práticas voltadas aos usuários de álcool mediante o uso de protocolo, garantindo o cuidado em saúde mental a esse público no hospital geral.The abusive use of alcohol has a high incidence and points to repercussions in various areas of the humans life, requiring effective clinical psychological interventions.  This study intends to develop a psychological care protocol aimed at hospitalized patients who abuse alcohol.  It is an exploratory qualitative research. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with hospital psychology professionals and participant observation with patients. For data interpretation, Content Analysis was used. The review, categorization and observation process led to the elaboration of 10 items of the protocol. The results showed the need for the psychologist to evaluate aspects related to hospitalization, possible psychological changes, risks and damages associated with use, mapping potentialities and the patient's stage of change. In addition, the psychologist can perform interventions of emotional support to the patient and family, as well as strategies based on multiprofessional performance, networking and the harm reduction policy. It is concluded that the hospital psychologist can systematize and scientifically substantiate his practices aimed at alcohol users through the use of a protocol, enabling mental health care to this public in the general hospital

Prática Clínica em Neuropsicologia Pediátrica em um Programa de Extensão

A prática clínica em neuropsicologia do desenvolvimento promove o diagnóstico precoce e maior eficácia das intervenções nos transtornos do desenvolvimento. O objetivo do estudo é relatar as experiências do Programa de Extensão: Ambulatório de Neuropsicologia do Desenvolvimento da Universidade Federal da Bahia - Campus Anísio Teixeira (UFBA/IMS), descrevendo os procedimentos e resultados das intervenções. Participaram do estudo 42 crianças e adolescentes com idade média de 8 anos. As crianças foram avaliadas e, após o diagnóstico, foi iniciado o programa de reabilitação individualizado. Os principais instrumentos utilizados na avaliação e os planos de intervenções foram descritos, demonstrando os resultados obtidos em contexto clínico. As intervenções apresentaram ganhos nas habilidades que foram foco de estimulação. O programa possibilitou um diálogo entre a universidade e a comunidade, assim como a capacitação dos estagiários em neuropsicologia pediátrica, especialidade escassa na cidade e região. Palavras-chave: Neuropsicologia clínica; Transtornos do desenvolvimento; Avaliação neuropsicológica; Reabilitação neuropsicológica   Clinical Practice in pediatric neuropsychology in a University Extension Program Abstract: linical practice in developmental neuropsychology promotes early diagnosis and greater effectiveness of interventions for developmental disorders. The study's objective is to report the experiences of the Extension Program: Outpatient Clinic of Neuropsychology of Development at the Federal University of Bahia - Campus Anísio Teixeira (UFBA/IMS), Brazil, describing the procedures and results of the interventions. Forty-two children and adolescents with an average age of 8 years participated in the study. The children were evaluated, and the individualized rehabilitation program was started after diagnosis. The main instruments used in the evaluation and the intervention plans were described, demonstrating the results obtained in the clinical context. The interventions showed gains in skills that were the focus of stimulation. The program enabled a dialogue between the university and the community, as well as the training of trainees in pediatric neuropsychology, which is scarce in the city and region. Keywords: Clinical neuropsychology; Developmental disorders; Neuropsychological assessment; Neuropsychological rehabilitatio

Performance evaluation for prescription of assistive technology devices

Introdução: A indicação e implementação da Tecnologia Assistiva (TA), quando realizada de forma integrada, pode auxiliar na prescrição de dispositivos que favoreçam a maior participação nas atividades cotidianas, atenuando o impacto imposto pelas limitações funcionais de indivíduo com deficiência física . Objetivo: verificar as contribuições do uso da Medida Canadense de Desempenho Ocupacional (COPM), fundamentada na prática centrada no cliente, no momento da indicação de TA. Procedimentos metodológicos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal realizado com 31 indivíduos com deficiência física de um hospital público do Distrito Federal. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da aplicação da avaliação COPM, sendo realizada a categorização das TA a partir do levantamento das áreas de desempenho mais comprometidas. Resultados: Do total de participantes, 51,6 % (n=16) solicitaram alguma indicação e/ou confecção de TA. A área de autocuidado foi apontada como a mais comprometida (96,7%), concentrando também, maior número de solicitações de TA. Conclusão: Este estudo pode contribuir com as pesquisas que investigam o uso de avaliações para a indicação de dispositivos e, espera-se que novas pesquisas possam dar continuidade a este processo, priorizando a participação ativa do indivíduo no momento de avaliar as necessidades do uso da TA.Introduction: The prescription and implementation of Assistive Technology (AT), when done correctly, can alleviate the impact functional limitations have on physically disabled individuals, providing them with greater participation in everyday activities. Objective: To verify the contributions of using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), which is focused on the client’s performance, when prescribing the use of AT. Methods: This is a research of descriptive transversal character, carried out with 31 patients from a public hospital in the Federal District. Data collection was carried out through the application of the COPM evaluation, and the study of the most compromised performance areas was useful for the categorization of the Assistive Technology devices. Results: From the total of participants, 51.6% (n=16) asked for indication and/or production of an AT device. The self-care area was the most compromised (96.7%), and also had the most requests for AT devices. Conclusion: This study can contribute to studies that investigate the use of evaluations for the prescription of devices. We hope that new researches can give this process continuity, prioritizing an active participation of the client when evaluating the need for an AT device

Teor de fenóis e flavonoides, atividades antioxidante e citotóxica das folhas, frutos, cascas dos frutos e sementes de Piptadenia moniliformis Benth (Leguminosae – Mimosoideae)

Foram determinados o teor de fenóis e flavonoides, as atividades antioxidante e citotóxica dos extratos e frações de Piptadenia moniliformis. Essa é uma espécie melitófila comumente conhecida como "catanduba" ou "angico de bezerro". Das frações testadas, a fração aquosa das cascas dos frutos apresentou a maior atividade antioxidante, com valor comparável ao padrão, e no geral houve correlação do teor de fenóis e flavonoides com essa atividade. Os resultados do potencial antioxidante para essa espécie fornecem subsídios para futuros trabalhos que visem o desenvolvimento de fitoterápicos e cosméticos. Quanto à atividade citotóxica apenas o extrato hidroalcoólico e as frações diclorometano e acetato de etila demonstraram moderada citotoxicidade

Brazilian adults’ attitudes and practices regarding the mandatory COVID-19 vaccination and their hesitancy towards childhood vaccination

Background: This study investigated the attitudes and practices of Brazilian adults regarding the mandatory COVID-19 vaccination and their hesitancy towards the vaccination of children. Methods: Between March and May 2022, Brazilian adults answered an online questionnaire distributed through social media. The SAGE-WG questionnaire was adapted to measure hesitancy to the vaccination of children. Results: Of the 1007 participants, 67.4% believed that adult COVID-19 vaccination should be mandatory. Just over half of the participants (51.5%) believed that parents and/or guardians should decide if their children should be vaccinated against COVID-19 or not and 9.1% were unsure. Individuals who were younger, non-religious and had higher awareness of COVID-19 risks and critics of the federal government’s performance in combating the pandemic were more likely to agree with mandatory adult vaccination. However, less agreement among parents and/or guardians concerning children’s vaccination was observed, with lower scores for hesitancy to the vaccination of children. Conclusion: In Brazil, there is still far from a consensus on mandatory COVID-19 vaccination for adults and a significant proportion of the population believes that parents and/or guardians should be free to decide on their children’s vaccination. These views are associated with age, religion, knowledge of COVID-19 risks and political inclination

Cuidando de quem nos cuida: Uma proposta de ação acerca da qualidade de vida do trabalhador / Taking care of those who care for us: A proposed action on the worker's quality of life

Objetivo: Descrever uma ação voltada para a saúde do trabalhador, com intervenções educativas e Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de experiência de cunho descritivo, sobre uma ação realizada em comemoração ao dia do servidor público, em quatro etapas na Universidade do Estado do Pará, localizada na cidade de Tucuruí/PA, em outubro de 2019. Relato de experiência: Participaram do evento 42 funcionários do centro universitário do sistema de educação público do município em estudo, sendo no total 24 do sexo feminino e 18 do masculino, entre a faixa etária de 18 a 60 anos de idade. Dessa forma, para a melhor interação do público alvo, realizou-se um planejamento dos temas sobre a saúde mental e nutrição dos trabalhadores e a constelação familiar. Conclusão: Ações voltadas para   o equilíbrio biopsicossocial dos trabalhadores, são fundamentais para o seu bem estar, bem como sua qualidade de vida. Ressalta-se, portanto, a necessidade promoção   intervenções para a saúde deste público em questão

Detection and differentiation of dengue virus serotypes by one-step multiplex reverse transcription PCR assays / Detecção e diferenciação de sorotipos do vírus da dengue por ensaios de PCR com transcrição reversa multiplexada em uma etapa

Background: Dengue infections are a severe public health problem in Brazil. The Ministry of Health recommends an immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the capture of IgM (MAC-ELISA) to diagnose dengue. However, it detects antibodies that cross-react with other flaviviruses and requires confirmation in reference laboratories. Methods: One-step multiplex RT-PCR assay was used to amplify RNA of 197 serum from patients with clinical suspicion of dengue infection. The samples had been screened with the IgM ELISA kit in the Central Public Health Laboratory of the State of Maranhão. Results: Of the 197 samples evaluated by IgM ELISA, 135 were positive; of these, 96 (71.1%) were from patients in the acute phase of the infection. The one-step multiplex RT-PCR detected viral RNA in 88 (91.7%) of this serum. Among the 62-negative serum by ELISA, 29 samples (46.8%) were amplified using the molecular method. Conclusions: One-step multiplex RT-PCR was sensitive in the detection of viral particles from the first day until the sixth day after the onset of the feverish period. Moreover, it was specific and 100% reproducible. Based on these results, we recommend the use of this molecular assay to diagnose and differentiate the DENV serotypes in the acute phase of the disease.Background: Dengue infections are a severe public health problem in Brazil. The Ministry of Health recommends an immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the capture of IgM (MAC-ELISA) to diagnose dengue. However, it detects antibodies that cross-react with other flaviviruses and requires confirmation in reference laboratories. Methods: One-step multiplex RT-PCR assay was used to amplify RNA of 197 serum from patients with clinical suspicion of dengue infection. The samples had been screened with the IgM ELISA kit in the Central Public Health Laboratory of the State of Maranhão. Results: Of the 197 samples evaluated by IgM ELISA, 135 were positive; of these, 96 (71.1%) were from patients in the acute phase of the infection. The one-step multiplex RT-PCR detected viral RNA in 88 (91.7%) of this serum. Among the 62-negative serum by ELISA, 29 samples (46.8%) were amplified using the molecular method. Conclusions: One-step multiplex RT-PCR was sensitive in the detection of viral particles from the first day until the sixth day after the onset of the feverish period. Moreover, it was specific and 100% reproducible. Based on these results, we recommend the use of this molecular assay to diagnose and differentiate the DENV serotypes in the acute phase of the disease

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio