Modelos de "africanização" das operações de apoio à paz

As iniciativas de “africanização” das Operações de Apoio à Paz (OAP) aparecem como sendo um vector importante para a operacionalização das políticas de cooperação no domínio da segurança e defesa. O programa RECAMP é um eficaz instrumento de projecção de poder da França dado que reforça a sua liderança na condução da agenda Europa-África. O programa ACRI, o ACOTA, o ARP, o IMET e o ACSS inscrevem- se na lógica do intervencionismo que orienta os interesses estratégicos hegemónicos dos EUA, no sentido de incrementar a sua influência no continente africano. No caso português, o recém-divulgado PAMPA reorienta o esforço da cooperação militar no sentido da sua componente multilateral. O sucesso dos modelos de “africanização” das OAP dependerá da capacidade da comunidade de doadores em coordenar as múltiplas iniciativas e programas de cooperação no domínio da segurança e defesa, integrados eficazmente numa estratégia global da luta contra a pobreza

How economic development influences entrepreneurial networks-dissecting reasons for the birth, development and death of local development’s agents

This case study will reflect upon the experience of important agents for local development—the Local Productive Arrangement (APL) composed by South American companies in the sector of wedding parties. This work will then reflect how Economic Development creates—but also may destroy—entrepreneurial networks. Data were observed by interviews with 30 businessmen participating in the Local Productive Arrangement. In 2009, the APL received support from Brazilian Service of Support to Micro and Small Companies (SEBRAE), which has been supporting several APL since 2002. However, starting in 2012, membership and motivation began to diminish, and in 2014, despite efforts made by the association’s president, the board decided to close it. This experience motivates several insights about how an entrepreneurship network evolves because this case study has been a pioneering case in Brazil. The analysis of the case offers an observation of the benefits of creating the association as well as the difficulties and challenges involved in the initiative.This research was funded by FAPESP-Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (São Paulo State Research Support Foundation). This paper was also financed by National Funds of the FCT – Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology within the project «UIDB/03182/2020»

Residual activity in a Nuclear Medicine Department: a dosimetric study

The exposure to ionizing radiation by radiographer in Nuclear Medicine (NM) Departments is inevitable, as this area has the highest rates of residual activity. Since 1957, and later updated (2005), several guidelines have been established by the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency), for the management of residues from radioactive use for medical purposes, with the intention of increasing the radiological protection of the people and the environment. Optimized management is very important not only for the functioning of the NM department, but also for the...info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Iodinated contrast material impact in arterial blood pressure and cardiac frequency

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of iodinated contrast material (ICM) in arterial blood pressure (ABP) and cardiac frequency (CF) during the several scans of the computerized tomography (CT), and relate these changes to sociodemographic factors and administration conditions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Avaliação da dose em recém-nascidos numa unidade neonatal

Objetivo: Avaliar a dose a que estão sujeitos os recém-nascidos internados numa Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatais (UCIN) durante a realização de radiografias em incidência AP ao tórax e comparar os valores obtidos da Dose à Entrada da Pele (DEP), tanto com os recomendados internacionalmente para os recém-nascidos como com os resultados de estudos anteriores. Pretende-se também verificar se as doses utilizadas se encontram abaixo dos valores recomendados e se os pacientes se apresentam ou não em risco face às radiações ionizantes a que foram submetidos. Metodologia: Foi utilizado um equipamento de radiologia convencional móvel Siemens Mobilett XP Hybrid, uma Unidade base Unfors Xi com detetor Xi R/F e uma incubadora Dräger Incubator 8000 SC. Previamente ao início do estudo foi realizado o controlo de qualidade do equipamento inicialmente referido utilizando o detetor Unfors Xi. Realizaram-se exposições nas quais foram medidas a energia do feixe primário (kVp), Débito de Dose (Do) e a Exposição (X), a uma DFF de 1 metro. Foram também realizadas medições com uma DFF de 1m, com e sem incubadora, de modo a determinar a percentagem de atenuação do feixe de raios-x, exercida pelo material de polimetil-metacrilato (PMMA) com 5mm de espessura, que reveste a incubadora. Durante 3 meses foram recolhidos e registados os dados relativos aos parâmetros de exposição (kVp e mAs) utilizados na UCIN na realização de 24 radiografias ao tórax, com o intuito de calcular a sua média e o percentil 75, para determinação da DEP em função da metodologia selecionada. Foi também efetuada uma pesquisa que englobou um período temporal de 16 meses para recolher dados empíricos relativos ao número de crianças internadas na UCIN que realizaram exames radiológicos e outras informações como o peso corporal, tempo de gestação, dias de vida aquando da realização do exame imagiológico, tempo de internamento e a indicação clínica. Os recém-nascidos foram divididos em 3 grupos distintos consoante o seu peso: [0-1000g], ]1000-2000g] e [>2000g]. Resultados: Ao longo dos 16 meses foram realizadas 182 incidências AP do Tórax num total de 89 crianças, 68 das quais eram prematuras e 21 não prematuras (>37 semanas de gestação). Cada criança realizou, em média, cerca de duas radiografias ao tórax. A média total de peso foi de 2009,89g, sabendo-se que cerca de 75% das crianças apresentavam um peso inferior a 2.5 Kg. O valor mínimo registado foi de 675g e o máximo de 4730g. Aproximadamente 75% das crianças tinham menos de 48 horas de vida aquando da realização do exame imagiológico. Os valores de DEP resultantes da média foram de 28,81 µGy para uma dff de 100 cm e 14,53 µGy para uma dff de 128 cm, e os resultantes do percentil 75 de 23,35 µGy para uma dff de 100 cm e 14,25 µGy para uma dff de 128 cm. Conclusão: De acordo com o objetivo preconizado, optou-se por utilizar o cenário mais pessimista, ou seja, os valores de DEP (média e percentil 75) obtidos a 100cm. Ao comparar a DEP do percentil 75 (23,35 µGy), concluiu-se que estes valores não excederam os limites exigidos de 80 µGy para a European Commission (1996) nem os 50 µGy segundo a National Radiological Protection Board (2000). Relativamente à comparação com os resultados de outros estudos, utilizaram-se os valores da DEP da média 28,81 µGy. Verificou-se que estes valores apenas ultrapassaram os resultados obtidos no estudo “Radiology in the neonatal intensive care unit: dose reduction and image quality” que teve uma DEP de 20.0 µGy. Assim, a DEP nos recém-nascidos está dependente de vários fatores entre os quais, as variações dos parâmetros técnicos utilizados, a distância foco-filme e a atenuação do feixe de raios-x exercida pelo material que reveste a incubadora

Effect of cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp) Stover dietary inclusion level on total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients in growing rabbits

[EN] Although agro-industrial co-products have low economic value as foods for human consumption, they may have potential value as animal feedstuffs. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of cowpea stover inclusion in rabbits’ diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. A total of 180 animals were randomly assigned to 3 treatments (CS0, CS2 or CS4, with no inclusion, 20 or 40 g/kg of cowpea stover, respectively). Animal performance was evaluated between the 53rd and 67th d of age in 48 animals per treatment. The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and gross energy were measured between 63 to 67 d of age in 12 animals per treatment. Results showed that, in general, CTTAD values were not affected by the inclusion of cowpea stover. Nevertheless, a trend towards a decrease in crude protein digestibility (P=0.0848) was observed when including cowpea stover. This had a negative influence on digestible protein (P=0.0240) and on the ratio between digestible protein and digestible energy (P=0.0231) for diet CS4. Rabbits showed normal figures for growth rate (on av. 46.8 g/d), feed intake (on av. 168.3 g/d) and feed conversion ratio (on av. 3.61). Future studies should assess the possibility of incorporating higher levels of cowpea stover while analysing the economic impact of this inclusion.This work received support by the European Project EUROLEGUME (Seventh Research Framework Programme of the European Union – FP7 research project no. 613781) and by European Investment Funds by FEDER/COMPETE/POCI– Operational Competitiveness and Internationalisation Programme, under Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958 and National Funds by FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project UID/AGR/04033/2019. Ederson Andrade is recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the CAPES Foundation (grant number BEX-13521/13-6).Andrade, EA.; Rodrigues, MAM.; Ribeiro, L.; Mendes, CQ.; Ferreira, LMM.; Pinheiro, V. (2019). Effect of cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp) Stover dietary inclusion level on total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients in growing rabbits. World Rabbit Science. 27(1):15-20. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2019.10450SWORD1520271Anele U.Y., Sudekum K.H., Arigbe O.M., Luttgenau H., Oni A.O., Bolaji O.J., Galyean M.L. 2012. Chemical composition, rumen degradability and crude protein fractionation of some commercial and improved cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) haulm varieties. Grass Forage Sci., 67: 210-218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00835.xAnele U.Y., Sudekum K.H., Hummel J., Arigbede O.M., Oni A.O., Olanite J.A., Bottger C., OJO V.O., Jolaosho A.O. 2011. Chemical characterization, in vitro dry matter and ruminal crude protein degradability and microbial protein synthesis of some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) haulm varieties. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 163: 161-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.11.005AOAC International. 1990 Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 15th ed. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Bennegadi N., Fonty G., Millet L., Gidenne T., Licois D. 2003. Effects of age and dietary fibre level on caecal microbial communities of conventional and specific pathogenfree rabbits. Microb. Ecol. Health Dis., 15: 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/08910600310015574Bruno-Soares A.M., Abreu J., Guedes C.V.M., Dias-da-Silva A.A. 2000. Chemical composition, DM and NDF degradation kinetics in rumen of seven legume straws. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 83: 75-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(99)00113-3Catt S.C., Paull J.G. 2017. Effects of ambient temperature and photoperiod on flowering time in faba bean. Crop Pasture Sci., 68: 893-901. https://doi.org/10.1071/CP17187De Blas J.C., Mateos G.G. 2010. Feed formulation. In: Nutrition of Rabbit 2nd ed., De Blas, J. C., Wiseman, J. (ed.). CABI, Wallingford, UK, 222-232. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845936693.0222De Blas, J.C., Ferrer P., Rodríguez C.A., Cerisuelo A., García-Rebollar P., Calvet S., Farias C. 2018. Nutritive value of citrus co-products in rabbit feeding. World Rabbit Sci., 26: 7-14. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2018.7699Foster J.L., Adesogan A.T., Carter J.N., Blount A.R., Myer R.O., Phatak S.C. 2009. Intake, digestibility, and nitrogen retention by sheep supplemented with warm-season legume hays or soybean meal. J. Anim. Sci., 87: 2891-2898. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-1637García J., Carabaño R., Pérez-Alba L., de Blas J.C. 2000. Effect of fiber source on cecal fermentation and nitrogen recycled through cecotrophy in rabbits. J. Animal Sci., 78: 638-646. https://doi.org/10.2527/2000.783638xGidenne T. 2003. Fibres in rabbit feeding for digestive troubles prevention: respective role of low-digested and digestible fibre. Livest. Sci., 81: 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(02)00301-9Gidenne T., Garreau H., Drouilhet L., Aubert C., Maertens L. 2017. Improving feed efficiency in rabbit production, a review on nutritional, technico-economical, genetic and environmental aspects. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 225: 109-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.01.016Goering HK., Van Soest PJ. 1970. Forage Fiber Analyses (Agricultural Handbook No 379). ARS-USDA,Washington, DC (1970).Gonçalves A., Goufo P., Barros A., Domínguez-Perles R., Trindade H., Rosa E.A., Ferreira L., Rodrigues M. 2016. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) a renewed multipurpose crop for a more sustainable agri-food system. Nutritional advantages and constraints. J. Sci. Food Agric., 96: 2941-2951. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7644Gray S.B., Brady S.M. 2016. Plant developmental responses to climate change. Dev. Biol., 419: 64-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.07.023Lima P.J.D.O., Watanabe P.H., Cândido R.C., Ferreira A.C.S., Vieira A.V., Rodrigues B.B.V., Nascimento G.A.J., Freitas E.R. 2017. Dried brewers grains in growing rabbits: nutritional value and effects on performance. World Rabbit Sci., 25: 251-260. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2017.6813López S., Davies D.R., Giráldez F.J., Dhanoa M.S., Dijkstra J., France J. 2005. Assessment of nutritive value of cereal and legume straws based on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. J. Sci. Food Agric., 85:1550-1557. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2136Martínez J., Fernández, J. 1980. Composition, digestibility, nutritive value and relations among them of several feeds for rabbits. In Proc.: 2nd World Rabbit Congress, 14-18 April,1980. Barcelona, Spain, 2: 214-223.Martínez-Paredes E., Martínez-Vallespín B., Ródenas L., Pascual J.J., Blas, E., Cervera C. 2009. Mortalidad de gazapos de cebo en función de la alimentación y de la edad al destete. In Proc.: XXXIV Symposium de Cunicultura ASESCU, Sevilla, Spain. 1: 113-137.Nicodemus N. García J, Carabaño R, De Blas J.C. 2007. Effect of substitution of a soybean hull and grape seed meal mixture for traditional fiber sources on digestion and performance of growing rabbits and lactating does. J. Anim. Sci., 85: 181-187. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2005-365Pérez J.M., Lebas F., Gidenne T., Maertens L., Xiccato G., Parigi-Bini R., Dalle Zotte A., Cossu M.E., Carazzolo A., Villamide M. J., Carabaño R., Fraga M.J., Ramos M.A., Cervera C., Blas E., Fernández J., Falcão-e-Cunha L., Bengala Freire J. 1995. European reference method for in vivo determination of diet digestibility in rabbits. World Rabbit Sci., 3: 41-43.https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.1995.239Ribeiro L., Pinheiro V., Outor-Monteiro D., Mourão J., Bezerra R.M.F., Dias A.A., Bennett R.N., Marque G., Rodrigues M.A.M. 2012. Effects of the dietary incorporation of untreated and white-rot fungi (Ganoderma resinaceum Boud) pre-treated olive leaves on growing rabbits. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 173: 244-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.01.014Robertson J.B., Van Soest P.J. 1981. The detergent system of analysis. In: James W.P.T., Theander O. (ed.). The analysis of dietary fibre in food. Marcel Dekker, NY, 123-158.Samireddypalle A., Boukar O., Grings E., Fatokun C.A., Kodukula P., Devulapalli R., Okike I., Blummel M. 2017. Cowpea and groundnut haulms fodder trading and its lessons for multidimensional cowpea improvement for mixed crop livestock systems in West Africa. Front. Plant Sci., 8: 1-30. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00030Statistical Analysis System. 2009. SAS/STAT User's Guide 9.2, 2 ed. Inst. Inc. Cary NC, USA.Uhlířová L., Volek Z., Marounek M. 2018. White lupin bran and its effects on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and digestibility of nutrients in fattening rabbits. World Rabbit Sci., 26: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2018.8781Van Soest P.J., Robertson J., Lewis B.A. 1991. Methods for Dietary Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber, and Nonstarch Polysaccharides in Relation to Animal Nutrition. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 3583-3597 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2Villamide M.J., Maertens L., de Blas J. 2010. Feed evaluation. In: Nutrition of Rabbit 2nd ed., De Blas, C., Wiseman, J. (ed). Nutrition of the rabbit, CABI, Wallingford, UK, 151-162. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845936693.0151Villamide M.J., Fraga M.J. 1998. Prediction of the digestible crude protein and protein digestibility of feed ingredients for rabbits from chemical analysis. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 70: 211-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(97)00079-5Xiccato G., Trocino A. 2010. Energy and protein metabolism and requirements. In: Nutrition of Rabbit 2n ed., De Blas J. C., Wiseman J. (ed), Nutrition of the rabbit, CABI, Wallingford, UK, 83-118. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845936693.008

In vitro digestion and stability assessment of b-lactoglobulin/riboflavin nanostructures

B-Lactoglobulin (b-Lg) is the major protein fraction of bovine whey serum and a primary gelling agent. b-Lg has a high nutritional value, is stable at low pH being highly resistant to proteolytic degradation in the stomach, besides, it has the ability of acting as an encapsulating agent. This study aims at assessing the ability of b-Lg nanostructures to associate a nutraceutical - i.e. riboflavin - and release it in a controlled manner throughout an in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) system. For this reason b-Lg nanostructures loaded with riboflavin were critically characterized in terms of their morphology (i.e. size, polydispersity, -potential and shape) by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and efficiency to associate to riboflavin through spectrofluorimetry. Furthermore, these nanocomplexes were evaluated in an in vitro GI model, simulating the physiological conditions. Stable b-Lg nanostructures were obtained at pH 6, of spherical shape, characterized by particle size of 172±1 nm, low polydispersity (i.e. PDI of 0.06±0.02), -potential of -32±3 mV and association efficiency (AE) of 26±1 %. b-Lg nanostructures showed to be stable upon their passage throughout stomach (i.e. particle size, PDI and potential of 248±10 nm, 0.18±0.03 and 18±3 mV, respectively). Concerning their passage throughout the intestine, such nanostructures were mostly degraded in the duodenum. Regarding riboflavin, a release of about 11 % was observed after their passage through stomach, while 35 %, 38 % and 5 % were the released percentages of the total riboflavin associated observed after passage through duodenum, jejunum and ileum, respectively. Hence,b-Lg nanostructures showed to be suitable carriers for riboflavin until the intestine, where their degradation occurs. b-Lg also showed to be structurally stable, under food simulant conditions (yoghurt simulant, composed of 3 % acetic acid), over 14 days, with a protective effect upon riboflavin activity, releasing it in a 7 day period.Oscar L. Ramos, Ricardo N. Pereira and Ana C. Pinheiro gratefully acknowledge their Post-Doctoral grants (SFRH/BPD/80766/2011, SFRH/BPD/81887/2011 and SFRH/BPD/101181/2014, respectively) and Ana I. Bourbon gratefully acknowledge her Doctoral grant (SFRH/BD/73178/2010) to Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT). The authors would like to acknowledge to Francisco Figueiredo from the Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, for assistance in taking the TEM pictures. The authors thank the FCT Strategic Project of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit, COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684), the project RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462), and the project "BioInd e Biotechnology and Bioengineering for improved Industrial and Agro-Food processes", REF. NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000028, co-funded by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON. 2 - O Novo Norte), QREN, FEDER

Prototype of an affordable pressure-controlled emergency mechanical ventilator for COVID-19

We present a viable prototype of a simple mechanical ventilator intended as a last resort to ventilate COVID-19 patients. The prototype implements the pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation mode (PC-CMV) with settable breathing rates, inspiration/expiration time ratios and FiO2 modulation. Although safe, the design aims to minimize the use of technical components and those used are common in industry, so its construction may be possible in times of logistical shortage or disruption or in areas with reduced access to technical materials and at a moderate cost, affordable to lower income countries. Most of the device can be manufactured by modest technical means and construction plans are provided.Comment: This version differs from version 2 in that it includes toxicological and bio-safety tests and updated electronic

Active and Healthy Aging: pilot result of the “VintAGEING+Happy” Intervention Program

Ações de prevenção e de manutenção da saúde do idoso, na sua comunidade e no seu domicílio, devem ser resultado de um esforço de parcerias públicas e/ou privadas, academia e serviço. O programa intitulado, VintANGEING+Felizes, tem como finalidade realizar um trabalho multidisciplinar de intervenção comunitária, disponibilizando o conhecimento científico e contribuindo para o cumprimento das diretrizes e das políticas deatenção pública à saúde do idoso, na direção do envelhecimento ativo e saudável.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio