Memoria de trabajo y Consciencia:: tres perspectivas teóricas

The view of working memory as a conscious process has allowed to define consciousness as the content of working memory. However, concerns have emerged over comparisons between consciousness and working memory. Although the relationship between these two study fields has been the matter of psychology, philosophy and neuroscience, a theoretical review addressing the core elements of highly cited perspectives would enrich the discussion in this study area. This review focuses on three theoretical frameworks: 1) the multi-component model of working memory, 2) the global workspace theory, 3) the hierarchical framework. The multi-component model of working memory contributes a basic functional description on how mental representations remain on-line during complex cognitive processing. Thereby, the information exchange between the central executive and the episodic buffer, in one sense, and the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketchpad in the other is given trough conscious processing. Likewise, the central executive controls and changes attention but the episodic buffer allows multimodal information availability.La perspectiva de la Memoria de Trabajo (MT) como proceso consciente ha permitido definir la consciencia como el contenido de la MT; sin embargo, han surgido inquietudes sobre las comparaciones que se han realizado entre ambas. Objetivo: aunque la relación entre estos dos campos de estudio ha sido planteada desde la psicología, la filosofía y la neurociencia, una revisión teórica que aborde los elementos centrales de las perspectivas más citadas enriquecería el debate en esta área de conocimiento. Metodología: esta revisión se centra en tres perspectivas teóricas: 1) el modelo multicomponente de memoria de trabajo; 2) la Teoría del Espacio de Trabajo Global (GWT); 3) el modelo jerárquico. Se analizaron 113 artículos en los que se abordaron las tres perspectivas anteriores. Resultados: el modelo multicomponente de memoria de trabajo aporta una descripción funcional básica sobre cómo las representaciones mentales permanecen en línea durante un procesamiento cognitivo complejo. De este modo, de un lado, el intercambio de información entre el ejecutivo central y el búfer episódico; y de otro lado, el bucle fonológico y la agenda visuoespacial se presenta a través del procesamiento consciente. Conclusiones: asimismo, el ejecutivo central controla y modifica la atención, pero el búfer episódico permite la disponibilidad de información multimodal

El SECOP II y su implementación en la gobernación del departamento de Caldas

El gobierno de Colombia fijó mediante el Documento Conpes 3249, la política pública a seguir en materia de contratación del Estado. Para ello, entre otros criterios, estableció la creación de un sistema electrónico de contratación que se concretó mediante la expedición del Decreto 3485 (2011), sistema al que se le denominó SECOP (Sistema electrónico para la contratación pública), y está compuesto por tres plataformas: la Tienda Virtual del Estado Colombiano, el Secop I y el SECOP II.Por lo anterior, el semillero de investigación Contratación Estatal del Programa de Derecho de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, sede Manizales, decidió realizar un análisis sobre la preparación e implementación del SECOP II en la Gobernación del departamento de Caldas, con el fin de determinar si tal entidad cuenta con un grado o nivel óptimo de preparación jurídica, tecnológica, de infraestructura y de talento humano que le permita poner en funcionamiento esta plataforma de acuerdo con los parámetros dados por Colombia Compra Eficiente (CCE) como ente administrador de dicho sistema.El resultado expuesto es producto de un proceso de investigación jurídico-dogmática que desarrollaron los autores en cinco (5) fases mediante la aplicación de un método mixto con enfoque empírico-analítico

Resting-state EEG alpha/theta ratio related to neuropsychological testperformance in Parkinson’s Disease

Q2Q1Objective To determine possible associations of hemispheric-regional alpha/theta ratio (α/θ) with neuropsychological test performance in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) non-demented patients. Methods 36 PD were matched to 36 Healthy Controls (HC). The α/θ in eight hemispheric regions was computed from the relative power spectral density of the resting-state quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG). Correlations between α/θ and performance in several neuropsychological tests were conducted, significant findings were included in a moderation analysis. Results The α/θ in all regions was lower in PD than in HC, with larger effect sizes in the posterior regions. Right parietal, and right and left occipital α/θ had significant positive correlations with performance in Judgement of Line Orientation Test (JLOT) in PD. Adjusted moderation analysis indicated that right, but not left, occipital α/θ influenced the JLOT performance related to PD. Conclusions Reduction of the occipital α/θ, in particular on the right side, was associated with visuospatial performance impairment in PD. Significance Visuospatial impairment in PD, which is highly correlated with the subsequent development of dementia, is reflected in α/θ in the right posterior regions. The right occipital α/θ may represent a useful qEEG marker for evaluating the presence of early signs of cognitive decline in PD and the subsequent risk of dementia.https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5832-0603Revista Internacional - Indexad

Rescatando el Salto de San Antón. Una historia reciente de construcción institucional

This paper develops a chronicle of the arise and evolution of a communitarian and intersectional coordination web that for over five years has been looking forward to halt and revert the environmental degradation in San Antón, a urban community located at the shore of the Apatlaco river, one of the main watercourses in Cuernavaca, Morelos, which bears high pollution levels.The paper presents the communitarian development of an autonomous process of management and regulation, related to the local ecosystem in an urban frame. It focuses on socioeconomic institutional change and its possible role in the resolution of coordination failures and the internalization of environmental externalities.San Antón waterfall, local institutional development, water treatment, solid waste, social confidence.

Performance of CMS muon reconstruction in pp collision events at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The performance of muon reconstruction, identification, and triggering in CMS has been studied using 40 inverse picobarns of data collected in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the LHC in 2010. A few benchmark sets of selection criteria covering a wide range of physics analysis needs have been examined. For all considered selections, the efficiency to reconstruct and identify a muon with a transverse momentum pT larger than a few GeV is above 95% over the whole region of pseudorapidity covered by the CMS muon system, abs(eta) < 2.4, while the probability to misidentify a hadron as a muon is well below 1%. The efficiency to trigger on single muons with pT above a few GeV is higher than 90% over the full eta range, and typically substantially better. The overall momentum scale is measured to a precision of 0.2% with muons from Z decays. The transverse momentum resolution varies from 1% to 6% depending on pseudorapidity for muons with pT below 100 GeV and, using cosmic rays, it is shown to be better than 10% in the central region up to pT = 1 TeV. Observed distributions of all quantities are well reproduced by the Monte Carlo simulation.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum