L’usage des théories de l’action dans la formation à l’intervention sociale

La problématique de la formation à l'intervention en travail social est posée dans le défi d'un dualisme théorie-pratique comme conséquence d'une représentation de la profession en tant que science sociale appliquée. La rationalité technique qui découle de cette épistémologie positiviste de la science met l'accent sur la « résolution » au détriment de la « définition » de problèmes. S'appuyant sur l'épistémologie d'une science de l'action, qui met plutôt en évidence les contradictions entre deux niveaux de théories de l'action qu'entre la théorie et la pratique, l'auteur expose l'adaptation qu'il fait des principes de cette science dans un outil pédagogique en vue de former les étudiants à tenir compte de l'évolution des pratiques en service social

Relèvement du taux réduit de TVA dans le secteur du livre : mesures d’accompagnement

L\u27article 13-III-8° de la loi n° 2011-1987 du 28 décembre 2011 portant loi de finances rectificative pour 2011 prévoit le relèvement à 7 % du taux de TVA pour le livre imprimé au 1er avril 2012. Le rapport analyse plusieurs questions liées à cette augmentation : le traitement au regard de la TVA des retours postérieurs au 1er avril mais portant sur des ouvrages livrés avant cette date ; le traitement des droits d\u27auteur en matière de TVA ; l\u27information des acheteurs sur les lieux de vente ; l\u27aide pouvant être apportée par le Centre national du livre (CNL) ; la mise en place d\u27une observation des prix du livre avant et après le 1er avril

Il vescovo di Piacenza, signore della città (997)

Il contributo muove dalla vicenda di Sigefredo, vescovo di Piacenza fra X e XI secolo, per avanzare alcune considerazioni sui rapporti fra episcopato e potere imperiale nel Regno d'Italia e in particolare sul fenomeno della concessione del titolo comitale e delle funzioni pubbliche ai presuli

A fast and reliable method for the delineation of tree crown outlines for the computation of crown openness values and other crown parameters

Numerous crown parameters (e.g., leaf area index, diameter, height, volume) can be obtained via the analysis of tree crown photographs. In all cases, parameter values are functions of the position of the crown outline. However, no standardized method to delineate crowns exists. To explore the effect of different outlines on tree crown descriptors, in this case crown openness (CO), and facilitate the adoption of a standard method free of user bias, we developed the program Crown Delineator that automatically delineates any outline around tree crowns following predetermined sensibility settings. We used different outlines to analyze tree CO in contrasting settings: using saplings from four species in young boreal mixedwood forests and medium-sized hybrid poplar trees from a low-density plantation. In both cases, the estimated CO increases when calculated from a looser outline, which had a strong influence on understory available light simulations using a forest simulator. These results demonstrate that the method used to trace crown outlines is an important step in the determination of CO values. We provide a much-needed computer-assisted solution to help standardize this procedure, which can also be used in many other situations in which the delineation of tree crowns is needed (e.g., competition and crown shyness)

Les pel·lícules del mes de febrer

Abstract not availabl

Distribution of living benthic foraminifera in the northern Chukchi Sea

This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Arktos. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41063-018-0062-y.Living (Rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera were studied in the topmost sediments of five multi- and box cores collected on the continental shelf, upper and lower slopes, of the Chukchi Sea to provide background information on modern benthic foraminiferal distribution, useful for future studies. Sediment cores were collected during August–September 2015, when the area is seasonally ice-free. Benthic foraminiferal contents in the 63–125 µm and > 125 µm size fractions are discussed in terms of water masses distribution, and sedimentological (grain size) and organic geochemical (total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio and δ13Corg) characteristics of the surface sediments. Marine organic carbon-rich clay sediments characterize the faunal microhabitats. Despite relatively high organic carbon contents, standing stocks of living benthic foraminifera are generally low, especially for the 63–125 µm size fraction. This low living stock seems to reflect post-bloom conditions in August and September in the area. The reduced supply of fresh organic carbon also affects faunal microhabitats in the sediment with a concentration of living fauna in the upper 2 cm of the sediment. Over the Chukchi Sea shelf, a relatively mixed upper sediment layer likely due to bioturbation or bio-structures induces a disturbed vertical distribution in the sediment. Corrosive Pacific-derived bottom water over the shelf likely explains the relative importance of agglutinated vs. calcareous fauna in this shallow setting. Our results suggest that, in a post-bloom context, the main environmental control on benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the Chukchi Sea is the nature of the bottom water masses

Accuracy of stroke volume measurement with phase-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with aortic stenosis

Background: Phase contrast (PC) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in the ascending aorta (AAo) is widely used to calculate left ventricular (LV) stroke volume (SV). The accuracy of PC CMR may be altered by turbulent fow. Measurement of SV at another site is suggested in the presence of aortic stenosis, but very few data validates the accuracy or inaccuracy of PC in that setting. Our objective is to compare fow measurements obtained in the AAo and LV outfow tract (LVOT) in patients with aortic stenosis. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with aortic stenosis who had CMR and echocardiography. Patients with mitral regurgitation were excluded. PC in the AAo and LVOT were acquired to derive SV. LV SV from end-systolic and end-diastolic tracings was used as the reference measure. A diference≥10% between the volumetric method and PC derived SVs was considered discordant. Metrics of turbulence and jet eccentricity were assessed to explore the predictors of discordant measurements. Results: We included 88 patients, 41% with bicuspid aortic valve. LVOT SV was concordant with the volumetric method in 79 (90%) patients vs 52 (59%) patients for AAo SV (p=0.015). In multivariate analysis, aortic stenosis fow jet angle was a strong predictor of discordant measurement in the AAo (p=0.003). Mathematical correction for the jet angle improved the concordance from 59 to 91%. Concordance was comparable in patients with bicuspid and trileafet valves (57% and 62% concordance respectively; p=0.11). Accuracy of SV measured in the LVOT was not infuenced by jet eccentricity. For aortic regurgitation quantifcation, PC in the AAo had better correlation to volumetric assessments than LVOT PC. Conclusion: LVOT PC SV in patients with aortic stenosis and eccentric jet might be more accurate compared to the AAo SV. Mathematical correction for the jet angle in the AAo might be another alternative to improve accuracy