283 research outputs found

    Linking satellites to genes with machine learning to estimate phytoplankton community structure from space

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    Ocean color remote sensing has been used for more than 2 decades to estimate primary productivity. Approaches have also been developed to disentangle phytoplankton community structure based on spectral data from space, in particular when combined with in situ measurements of photosynthetic pigments. Here, we propose a new ocean color algorithm to derive the relative cell abundance of seven phytoplankton groups, as well as their contribution to total chlorophyll a (Chl a) at the global scale. Our algorithm is based on machine learning and has been trained using remotely sensed parameters (reflectance, backscattering, and attenuation coefficients at different wavelengths, plus temperature and Chl a) combined with an omics-based biomarker developed using Tara Oceans data representing a single-copy gene encoding a component of the photosynthetic machinery that is present across all phytoplankton, including both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It differs from previous methods which rely on diagnostic pigments to derive phytoplankton groups. Our methodology provides robust estimates of the phytoplankton community structure in terms of relative cell abundance and contribution to total Chl a concentration. The newly generated datasets yield complementary information about different aspects of phytoplankton that are valuable for assessing the contributions of different phytoplankton groups to primary productivity and inferring community assembly processes. This makes remote sensing observations excellent tools to collect essential biodiversity variables (EBVs) and provide a foundation for developing marine biodiversity forecasts.</p

    EMG Based Body-Machine Interface for Adaptive and Personalized Robotic Training of Persons with Multiple Sclerosis

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    Multiple sclerosis is a complex neurological disease that results in motor impairment associated with muscle weakness and lack of motor coordination. Indeed, previous studies showed that, while activities in isolated arm muscles appeared generally similar to those of unimpaired subjects, shoulder muscle coordination with arm motions was affected by MS and there was a marked co-activation of the biceps and triceps in the extension movements. This inability to activate muscles independently has a significant impact in motor function therefore reducing the co-contraction could improve the overall arm function. In this pilot study, we developed a body-machine interface based on muscle activities with the goal of ‘breaking’ the abnormal triceps-biceps co-activation during planar flexion-extension movements of people with multiple sclerosis during a robot-based task. The task consisted in 2D center-out reaching movements with the assistance of a robotic manipulandum. When the subject was not exhibiting the abnormal triceps-biceps co-activation for three consecutive movements the robot was decreasing the assistance. Subjects trained for up to six 1-hour sessions in three weeks. Results showed that the assistance from the robot decreased within each session for most of the subjects, while the movement became faster and straighter. The comparison between muscle activity before and after the training with this body-machine interface demonstrated that subjects learned how to reduce the tricepsbiceps co-activation

    The role of antioxidants in the interplay between oxidative stress and senescence

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    Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest occurring in response to stressful stimuli, such as telomere attrition, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and oncogenic proteins. Although beneficial and protective in several physiological processes, an excessive senescent cell burden has been involved in various pathological conditions including aging, tissue dysfunction and chronic diseases. Oxidative stress (OS) can drive senescence due to a loss of balance between pro-oxidant stimuli and antioxidant defences. Therefore, the identification and characterization of antioxidant compounds capable of preventing or counteracting the senescent phenotype is of major interest. However, despite the considerable number of studies, a comprehensive overview of the main antioxidant molecules capable of counteracting OS-induced senescence is still lacking. Here, besides a brief description of the molecular mechanisms implicated in OS-mediated aging, we review and discuss the role of enzymes, mitochondria-targeting compounds, vitamins, carotenoids, organosulfur compounds, nitrogen non-protein molecules, minerals, flavonoids, and non-flavonoids as antioxidant compounds with an anti-aging potential, therefore offering insights into innovative lifespan-extending approaches

    SĂ­ntesis, caracterizaciĂłn y evaluaciĂłn catalĂ­tica de fotocatalizadores obtenidos por inmovilizaciĂłn del ĂĄcido tungstofosfĂłrico en zeolitas Y

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    En las Ășltimas dĂ©cadas la degradaciĂłn de sustancias tĂłxicas en aguas residuales se ha convertido en un importante reto, ya que, debido al incremento de su producciĂłn y a su carĂĄcter biorecalcitrante, hace que los microorganismos comĂșnmente utilizados en los sistemas biolĂłgicos para su depuraciĂłn no puedan degradarlos. Uno de los tipos de contaminantes mĂĄs extendidos son los colorantes de tipo azĂłdicos presentes en aguas residuales de la industria textil, los cuales pueden en muchos casos unirse a cuerpos acuosos subterrĂĄneos o superficiales. Los colorantes empleados en la industria textil, tienen gran persistencia en el ambiente, y los mĂ©todos de eliminaciĂłn clĂĄsicos no son enteramente Ăștiles debido a que oxidaciones o reducciones parciales pueden generar productos secundarios altamente tĂłxicos. Una gran proporciĂłn de los colorantes no son directamente tĂłxicos para los organismos vivos; sin embargo, la fuerte coloraciĂłn que imparten a los medios de descarga puede llegar a suprimir los procesos fotobiosintĂ©ticos en los cursos de agua, por lo que su presencia debe ser controlada. Ante esta problemĂĄtica, la fotocatĂĄlisis heterogĂ©nea surge como una tecnologĂ­a promisoria para la remociĂłn de sustancias biorecalcitrantes. Los heteropoliĂĄcidos con estructura de Keggin poseen propiedades que son de gran utilidad y valor para la catĂĄlisis heterogĂ©nea. Muchos de Ă©stos poseen caracterĂ­sticas fotocatalĂ­ticas similares a los fotocatalizadores semiconductores; Ă©sto es, pueden ser fotoexitados, tomar electrones del sustrato a degradar, reoxidarse por un aceptor electrĂłnico y volver al estado inicial, para poder ser fotoexitado nuevamente. El ĂĄcido tungstofosfĂłrico (TPA) es un heteropolicompuesto que posee acidez Brönsted superior a la de los ĂĄcidos sĂłlidos convencionales, es un conocido catalizador ĂĄcido y de oxidaciĂłn, en el cual las propiedades redox y ĂĄcido-base pueden adecuarse con el agregado o modificaciĂłn de los heteroĂĄtomos, y es el mĂĄs utilizado. La principal desventaja que presentan los heteropoliĂĄcidos es su baja estabilidad tĂ©rmica, lo que resulta en una mayor degradaciĂłn de la estructura principal acompañada de un deterioro de la selectividad y disminuciĂłn de la actividad catalĂ­tica; presentan ademĂĄs elevada solubilidad en agua y solventes orgĂĄnicos oxigenados, lo que dificulta su posterior recuperaciĂłn y reutilizaciĂłn; otra desventaja es su baja superficie especĂ­fica de ĂĄrea. Para solucionar estas desventajas, disminuir la solubilidad en agua y solventes orgĂĄnicos oxigenados, aumentar la superficie especĂ­fica y permitir la reutilizaciĂłn de estos catalizadores, muchos investigadores los depositan sobre sĂłlidos tales como: SiO₂, Al₂O₃, TiO₂, MCM-41 o zeolitas, entre otros, logrando ademĂĄs un incremento en la estabilidad tĂ©rmica del material soportado. Las zeolitas ofrecen gran ĂĄrea superficial, estructura porosa Ășnica, gran estabilidad tĂ©rmica, mecĂĄnica y quĂ­mica, y han sido poco utilizadas para este fin. Por lo anteriormente mencionado, se ha encarado un estudio sistemĂĄtico del efecto de la impregnaciĂłn de TPA sobre la matriz zeolĂ­tica NH₄Y; y la evaluaciĂłn catalĂ­tica de material resultante, en la fotodegradaciĂłn del colorante azĂłdico naranja de metilo (MO).Centro de InvestigaciĂłn y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicada

    Degradación de diclorvos sobre zeolitas ZSM-11 impregnadas con TiO₂

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    La degradaciĂłn fotocatalĂ­tica mediada por materiales semiconductores es una alternativa exitosa y conveniente para el tratamiento de aguas residuales que contienen contaminantes orgĂĄnicos. El TiO₂, en su fase anatasa, es uno de los catalizadores que exhibe amplias aplicaciones en la degradaciĂłn de diversos contaminantes, ya que es altamente fotocatalĂ­tico. El inconveniente que presenta, es que la recuperaciĂłn luego de ser utilizado como catalizador en diversos procesos se hace dificultosa, debido a que es un polvo muy fino. Con el fin de resolver este problema, muchos investigadores han examinado algunos mĂ©todos para la fijaciĂłn de TiO₂ en otros materiales de apoyo. Entre los diferentes soportes, las zeolitas son consideradas aptas para tal fin debido a sus caracterĂ­sticas especiales, tales como alta superficie especĂ­fica lo que permite una gran adsorciĂłn de los sustratos a ser degradados, presencia de cajas y canales que permiten confinar las molĂ©culas de los sustratos, incrementando la actividad fotocatalĂ­tica, transparencia a la radiaciĂłn de longitud de onda mayor a 240 nm permitiendo a la luz incidente alcanzar y excitar al huĂ©sped fotoactivo, entre otras. Los insecticidas organofosforados se utilizan ampliamente provocando una importante amenaza para los ecosistemas y la salud pĂșblica. El Diclorvos (DDVP) es un insecticida organofosforado, empleado para la protecciĂłn de cultivos, principalmente en invernaderos, y para el control de parĂĄsitos e insectos en los hogares. Debido a su solubilidad en agua, los residuos de insecticidas en las prĂĄcticas agrĂ­colas pueden infiltrarse a travĂ©s del suelo en las aguas superficiales y finalmente causar daño en los organismos acuĂĄticos. Por lo tanto, se hace necesario quitar los residuos de este compuesto tĂłxico en el agua mediante la elaboraciĂłn de un mĂ©todo de purificaciĂłn eficiente y econĂłmico. En el presente trabajo de investigaciĂłn se degradarĂĄ el diclorvos mediante fotocatĂĄlisis heterogĂ©nea utilizando como catalizadores zeolitas del tipo ZSM-11 impregnadas con TiO₂. Se prepararĂĄn catalizadores con distintos porcentajes de carga de diĂłxido de titanio sobre la matriz zeolĂ­tica y se caracterizarĂĄn por dos tĂ©cnicas: DifracciĂłn de rayos X (DRX) y Espectroscopia Infrarroja (IR). Los catalizadores preparados fueron comparados con la zeolita sin carga de TiO₂ y con el TiO₂ Degussa P25, el cuĂĄl es generalmente utilizado como referencia.Centro de InvestigaciĂłn y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicada

    Greener Method to Obtain a Key Intermediate of Vitamin E over Cu-ZSM-5

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    The catalytic oxidation of 2,3,5-trimethylphenol was performed over transition metals modified ZSM-5 zeolites employing hydrogen peroxide as oxidant under mild reaction conditions. Catalysts samples were characterized by several techniques (XRD, FTIR, BET, AA) and cristallinity and orthorhombic symmetry were confirmed for all of them. Best catalytic results were obtained for Cu-ZSM-5 sample, so further activity studies were done over this material. 2,3,5-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone was obtained as the main product of the selective oxidation. Reaction parameters (nature of the solvent, hydrogen peroxide concentration, reaction time, catalyst mass, substrate initial concentration and reaction temperature) were evaluated to reach the optimum reaction conditions. According to the obtained results, an apparent activation energy of 52.33 kJ/mol was calculated.Fil: Saux, Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Cordoba. Centro de Investigacion y Tecnologia Quimica; Argentina. Universidad Tecnologica Nacional. Facultad Regional Cordoba; ArgentinaFil: Renzini, Maria Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Cordoba. Centro de Investigacion y Tecnologia Quimica; Argentina. Universidad Tecnologica Nacional. Facultad Regional Cordoba; ArgentinaFil: GĂłmez, Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Cordoba. Centro de Investigacion y Tecnologia Quimica; Argentina. Universidad Tecnologica Nacional. Facultad Regional Cordoba; ArgentinaFil: Pierella, Liliana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Cordoba. Centro de Investigacion y Tecnologia Quimica; Argentina. Universidad Tecnologica Nacional. Facultad Regional Cordoba; Argentin

    Search for Branons at LEP

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    We search, in the context of extra-dimension scenarios, for the possible existence of brane fluctuations, called branons. Events with a single photon or a single Z-boson and missing energy and momentum collected with the L3 detector in e^+ e^- collisions at centre-of-mass energies sqrt{s}=189-209$ GeV are analysed. No excess over the Standard Model expectations is found and a lower limit at 95% confidence level of 103 GeV is derived for the mass of branons, for a scenario with small brane tensions. Alternatively, under the assumption of a light branon, brane tensions below 180 GeV are excluded

    Study of Spin and Decay-Plane Correlations of W Bosons in the e+e- -> W+W- Process at LEP

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    Data collected at LEP at centre-of-mass energies \sqrt(s) = 189 - 209 GeV are used to study correlations of the spin of W bosons using e+e- -> W+W- -> lnqq~ events. Spin correlations are favoured by data, and found to agree with the Standard Model predictions. In addition, correlations between the W-boson decay planes are studied in e+e- -> W+W- -> lnqq~ and e+e- -> W+W- -> qq~qq~ events. Decay-plane correlations, consistent with zero and with the Standard Model predictions, are measured

    Ultrarelativistic sources in nonlinear electrodynamics

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    The fields of rapidly moving sources are studied within nonlinear electrodynamics by boosting the fields of sources at rest. As a consequence of the ultrarelativistic limit the delta-like electromagnetic shock waves are found. The character of the field within the shock depends on the theory of nonlinear electrodynamics considered. In particular, we obtain the field of an ultrarelativistic charge in the Born-Infeld theory.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
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