Does a Progressive PIT Stabilize the Economy? A Comparison of Progressive and Flat Taxes

The aim of the article is to examine the impact of progressive personal income tax rates and the effectiveness of this tax as an automatic economic stabilizer. The assessment of automatic stabilizers is based on the estimates of tax cyclical components. The study shows that the output elasticity of PIT is higher than one, which means that the analysed tax acts relatively efficiently as an automatic stabilizer. However, it was also observed that the tax progressivity is not the main reason of the effectiveness of a progressive PIT as an automatic stabilizer. The study shows that changes in progressive rates of PIT, contrary to widespread opinions, have little effect on the effectiveness of passive fiscal policy. Personal income tax acts as automatic stabilizer mostly due not to the progressive tax rates, but because of the sensitivity of employment to GDP fluctuations

Maintaining EU-27 citizens’ rights in the UK: a Central and Eastern European Perspective. Bertelsmann Policy Brief | 12.2017

The United Kingdom’s (UK) decision to leave the European Union (EU) has unexpectedly created a situation of uncertainty and insecurity for almost 3.5 million EU27 nationals currently residing in the UK. This is especially the case for Central and Eastern Europeans who took advantage of the EU’s freedom of movement to immigrate to the UK in large numbers after their countries joined the community in 2004 and 2007. The numbers are significant: over 900,000 Poles, 310,000 Romanians, 185,000 Lithuanians, and 93,000 Slovaks are threatened with the loss of rights to freely live and work in the UK.1 Despite political pressure, the British government had repeatedly refused to guarantee migrants’ rights and made it a subject of political negotiations with Brussels. Uncertainty continued, with citizens’ rights being used as leverage in the negotiations between the UK and the European Commission. On December 8, December 2017, an agreement was finally reached between the negotiators of the European Union and the United Kingdom Government, just before the December 2017 European Council Summit

Teatr i dramat rosyjski w polskich badaniach rusycystycznych

The article analyzes Polish studies of the Russian theater and drama of the first half of the twentieth century in the context of the Great Theater Reform, written by Katarzyna Osińska, Jadwiga Gracla, Halina Mazurek, Ludwika Mięsowska, and others. It is pointed out that the critical works of these Polish scholars bring many important conclusions concerning contemporary dramatic literature in Russia. In the past drama as a literary genre did not attract much attention from Polish Russian scholars, although in recent years the situation has changed. More and more valuable dissertations are being published on this subject

The influence of organizational culture on building a learning organization

The organizations of the 21st century more and more often see their human resources as the most valuable asset they hold. This is why they create wide range of opportunities to develop and self-improve for their employees. Such approach is aimed at increasing involvement, higher effectiveness, innovativeness and thus constant improvement of competitiveness. However this is not possible without employee constant learning and their selfactualization. In this way the learning process is stressed as essential element of every modern company. As a result of this thinking one of the key tasks for a company is to create proper environment which would generate and feasible knowledge. This is where organizational culture might prove very useful. The main objective of the article is to demonstrate the influence of organizational culture on molding learning organizations. The content has been drawn up based upon literature study as well as in-depth interview conducted with the computer programmer working for Google, Ireland. The study is a consequence of authors’ interests in the fields of organizational culture as well as learning organization

LEADING, LAGGING, SYNCHRONIZED? BUSINESS CYCLES OF EU COUNTRIES BEYOND EUROZONE

The theory of optimum currency area is an important reference point in analyses of monetary integration processes. According to the optimum currency area theory one of the most important factors for countries planning to form a monetary union is business cycle synchronisation. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the level of business cycles’ synchronisation of European countries beyond euro zone with the fluctuation observed in the euro area. There are a few methods which are applied: periodograms, concordance index and cross-correlation coefficients. The results show that, on the basis of chosen measures, analysed countries exhibit relatively good level of business cycle synchronisation. Slightly worse result are obtained for Romania, both in case of cycle’s length and phase similarity

LEADING, LAGGING, SYNCHRONIZED? BUSINESS CYCLES OF EU COUNTRIES BEYOND EUROZONE

The theory of optimum currency area is an important reference point in analyses of monetary integration processes. According to the optimum currency area theory one of the most important factors for countries planning to form a monetary union is business cycle synchronisation. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the level of business cycles’ synchronisation of European countries beyond euro zone with the fluctuation observed in the euro area. There are a few methods which are applied: periodograms, concordance index and cross-correlation coefficients. The results show that, on the basis of chosen measures, analysed countries exhibit relatively good level of business cycle synchronisation. Slightly worse result are obtained for Romania, both in case of cycle’s length and phase similarity

Wstęp

Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00

Wstęp

Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00. Publikacja dofinansowana z budżetu Urzędu Miasta Łodzi w ramach Konkursu ofert na realizację zadania: „Współpraca z wyższymi uczelniami” w zakresie promocji Łodzi jako ośrodka naukowego i akademickieg

The optimal fiscal rule in the context of accession to the Eurozone

The aim of the paper is to compare the macroeconomic effects of fiscal rules that can be applied in the context of the future full participation of Poland in the Economic and Monetary Union. The results of our analyses show that we observe the smallest changes in the structural balance when fiscal policy is aimed at both GDP stabilisation and business cycles synchronisation. Unfortunately, when we analyse the characteristics of the fiscal rule we discover that the possibility of effective practical application of such a rule is very limited. The reason for this may be the lack of transparency and delays we face in publishing macroeconomic data, which is indispensable for fiscal rule application