Neck circumference and clustered cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents: Cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Early detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as obesity, is crucial to prevent adverse long-term effects on individuals' health. Therefore, the aims were: (1) to explore the robustness of neck circumference (NC) as a predictor of CVD and examine its association with numerous anthropometric and body composition indices and (2) to release sex and age-specific NC cut-off values to classify youths as overweight/obese. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: 23 primary schools and 17 secondary schools from Spain. PARTICIPANTS: 2198 students (1060 girls), grades 1-4 and 7-10. MEASURES: Pubertal development, anthropometric and body composition indices, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), cardiorespiratory fitness, blood sampling triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), glucose and inflammatory markers. Homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and cluster of CVD risk factors were calculated. RESULTS: NC was negatively associated with maximum oxygen consumption (R2=0.231, P<0.001 for boys; R2=0.018, P<0.001 for girls) and adiponectin (R2=0.049, P<0.001 for boys; R2=0.036, P<0.001 for girls); and positively associated with SBP, DBP, TC/HDL-c, TG, HOMA, complement factors C-3 and C-4, leptin and clustered CVD risk factor in both sexes (R2 from 0.035 to 0.353, P<0.01 for boys; R2 from 0.024 to 0.215, P<0.001 for girls). Moreover, NC was positively associated with serum C reactive protein and LDL-c only in boys (R2 from 0.013 to 0.055, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: NC is a simple, low-cost and practical screening tool of excess of upper body obesity and CVD risk factors in children and adolescents. Paediatricians can easily use it as a screening tool for overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. For this purpose, sex and age-specific thresholds to classify children and adolescents as normal weight or overweight/obese are provided.This work was supported by the DEP 2010 21662 C04 00 (DEP 2010 21662 C04 01: DEP 2010 21662 C04 02: DEP 2010 21662 C04 03: DEP 2010 21662 C04 04) grant from the National Plan for Research: Development and Innovation (R+D+i) MICINN

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the self-report Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+) in psychiatric outpatients

We examined the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the self-report Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+) in a sample of 437 psychiatric outpatients. Psychometric properties were assessed through internal consistency analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and concurrent validity. Results indicate that the Spanish version of the PDQ-4+ has moderate internal consistency, which was acceptable for 7 of the 12 self-report scales. The factor structure roughly replicated the DSM-IV clusters. The presence of Personality Disorders was associated with the character dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)Este estudio examina las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del autoinforme Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+) en una muestra de 437 pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatorios. Se han evaluado sus propiedades psicométricas mediante análisis de consistencia interna, análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y validez concurrente. Los resultados indican que la versión española del PDQ-4+ tiene una consistencia interna moderada, siendo aceptable para 7 de las 12 escalas autorreportadas. La estructura factorial replica aproximadamente los clusters del DSM-IV. La presencia de Trastornos de Personalidad está asociada a las dimensiones de carácter del Inventario de Temperamento y Carácter (TCI

Follow-up in healthy schoolchildren and in adolescents with DOWN syndrome: psycho-environmental and genetic determinants of physical activity and its impact on fitness, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory biomarkers and mental health; the UP&DOWN Study

[Background] An objective diagnosis of sedentary behaviour as well as of the physical activity and fitness levels in youth and to better understand how lifestyle is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors and other phenotypes is of clinical and public health interest, and might be informative for developing intervention studies focused on the promotion of physical activity in these population. The aim of this methodological paper is to describe the design and assessment in the UP&DOWN study. [Methods/Design] The UP&DOWN study is a multi-center follow-up design where 2225 Spanish primary and secondary schoolchildren from Cadiz and Madrid, respectively, as well as 110 Spanish adolescents with Down syndrome from Madrid and Toledo were recruited to be assessed. Nine main measurement categories are assessed: i) socio-demographic and early determinants; ii) environmental determinants; iii) physical activity and sedentary behaviour; iv) health-related fitness; v) blood pressure and resting heart rate; vi) mental health; vii) dietary patterns; viii) blood samples; and ix) genetic analysis. During the 3-yr follow-up study, socio-demographic and early determinants, and genetic analysis are only assessed in the first year. Blood sampling is assessed in the first year and the third year (2nd follow-up), and all the other measurements are assessed every year. [Discussion] The findings of the UP&DOWN study may help the Health Information Systems and policy makers to identify the target population for primary prevention and health promotion policies, and to develop and test preventive strategies. Moreover, these data will allow following the trends at population level, as well as to modify/adapt/create new evidence-based physical activity guidelines at national level. The findings will also serve as a scientific platform for interventional studies.This study was supported by the DEP 2010-21662-C04-00 (DEP 2010-21662-C04-01, DEP 2010-21662-C04-02, DEP 2010-21662-C04-03, DEP 2010-21662-C04-04) RYC-2010-05957 grants from the National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation (R + D + i) MICINN

Prevalence of Lynch Syndrome among Patients with Newly Diagnosed Endometrial Cancers

Background: Lynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary condition that increases the risk for endometrial and other cancers. The identification of endometrial cancer (EC) patients with LS has the potential to influence life-saving interventions. We aimed to study the prevalence of LS among EC patients in our population. Methods: Universal screening for LS was applied for a consecutive series EC. Tumor testing using microsatellite instability (MSI), immunohistochemistry (IHC) for mismatch-repair (MMR) protein expression and MLH1-methylation analysis, when required, was used to select LS-suspicious cases. Sequencing of corresponding MMR genes was performed. Results: One hundred and seventy-three EC (average age, 63 years) were screened. Sixty-one patients (35%) had abnormal IHC or MSI results. After MLH1 methylation analysis, 27 cases were considered suspicious of LS. From these, 22 were contacted and referred for genetic counseling. Nineteen pursued genetic testing and eight were diagnosed of LS. Mutations were more frequent in younger patients (<50 yrs). Three cases had either intact IHC or MSS and reinforce the need of implement the EC screening with both techniques. Conclusion: The prevalence of LS among EC patients was 4.6% (8/173); with a predictive frequency of 6.6% in the Spanish population. Universal screening of EC for LS is recommended.This study was supported by Conselleria Sanidad Comunidad Valenciana, Spain (AP/177/10) (http://www.san.gva.es/); Biomedical Research Foundations of the Alicante University Hospital (PI14/2006 and NI02/2011) (http://www.dep19.san.gva.es/); and the Elche University Hospital, Spain (FIBElx-CO11/03) (http://www.dep20.san.gva.es/)

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the self-report Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+) in psychiatric outpatients

We examined the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the self-report Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+) in a sample of 437 psychiatric outpatients. Psychometric properties were assessed through internal consistency analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and concurrent validity. Results indicate that the Spanish version of the PDQ-4+ has moderate internal consistency, which was acceptable for 7 of the 12 self-report scales. The factor structure roughly replicated the DSM-IV clusters. The presence of Personality Disorders was associated with the character dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)Este estudio examina las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del autoinforme Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+) en una muestra de 437 pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatorios. Se han evaluado sus propiedades psicométricas mediante análisis de consistencia interna, análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y validez concurrente. Los resultados indican que la versión española del PDQ-4+ tiene una consistencia interna moderada, siendo aceptable para 7 de las 12 escalas autorreportadas. La estructura factorial replica aproximadamente los clusters del DSM-IV. La presencia de Trastornos de Personalidad está asociada a las dimensiones de carácter del Inventario de Temperamento y Carácter (TCI

Adiposidad y niveles de leptina en adolescentes con y sin síndrome de Down. Estudio UP&DOWN

Resumen del póster presentado al IV Congreso Virtual de FESNAD: "Una alimentación sostenible para una nutrición saludable", celebrado del 3 al 6 de noviembre en Zaragoza.[Introducción]: El Síndrome de Down (SD) es una alteración genética debida a la triplicación del cromosoma 21, asociada a diferentes patologías crónicas y a un dimorfismo corporal. La adiposidad en adolescentes con SD es mayor que en la población general. Además, la obesidad está relacionada con la inflamación de bajo grado y, por tanto, con algunas moléculas proinflamatorias, como la hormona leptina.[Objetivos]: Evaluar la asociación existente entre la grasa corporal y los niveles de leptina en adolescentes con y sin SD.[Método]: Se incluyeron dos grupos: grupo SD n = 95 adolescentes (44,2 % chicas) y grupo control n = 113 adolescentes (47,8 % chicas) de entre 11 y 18 años, procedentes del estudio UP&DOWN. Se analizaron los niveles sanguíneos de leptina y se evaluó la composición corporal a través del peso, talla, circunferencia abdominal y pliegues cutáneos. Se calculó el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), el Índice Cintura-Talla (ICT) y el porcentaje de grasa corporal ( %GC) a través de las ecuaciones de Slaughter. Se crearon dos grupos según %GC: normal (< 30 %) y elevada (≥ 30 %), para realizar un estudio posterior.[Resultados]: El grupo SD obtuvo valores más elevados de IMC, ICT, circunferencia abdominal y %GC que el grupo control (p < 0,001). En el modelo lineal general, se observó una relación positiva del ICT (p = 0,015) y el %GC (p < 0,001) con la leptina en el total de la muestra. Solo en el grupo control, tras agrupar a los adolescentes por %GC, se mantiene la asociación positiva entre la grasa corporal y los niveles de leptina.[Conclusiones]: Los resultados reiteran el mayor riesgo de obesidad en adolescentes con SD. Sin embargo, parece necesario ahondar en la relación entre la leptina y la adiposidad en este grupo poblacional, dado que parecen tener un estado metabólico peculiar.Peer reviewe

Social correlates of sedentary behavior in young people: The UP&DOWN study

Objectives The aim of the present study was to analyze the associations of youths’ sedentary behavior (SB) with parents’ and siblings’ SB and physical activity (PA), as well as the associations of youths’ coparticipation with parents, siblings, and friends in PA and SB with youths’ SB. Methods The sample consisted of 1543 youths (12.02 ± 2.51 years; 788 boys) enrolled in the baseline cohort of the UP&DOWN study. SB was assessed by accelerometry and questionnaire. Participants reported the time spent by their parents and siblings watching television, playing videogames, surfing the Internet, sitting/resting, and doing PA. Further, participants reported coparticipation with parents, siblings, and friends in these activities. Linear mixed models, including school and city as random effects, were performed. Results Parents’ television time was positively associated with youths’ screen-based SB. Coparticipation with friends in playing videogames (in boys) and in surfing the Internet (in girls) showed a positive association with screen-based SB and a negative association with educational-based SB. Moreover, coparticipation with siblings and friends in PA was inversely associated with accelerometer-based SB in boys and girls. Conclusion Our results emphasize the important role of social modeling in the development of sedentary lifestyles in youths. Interventions aimed at reducing health risk behaviors in youths could be more effective if they are oriented from a social perspective that involves their families and networks of their closest friends.Sin financiación7.179 JCR (2020) Q1, 9/58 Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism1.386 SJR (2020) Q1, 36/288 Orthopedics and Sports MedicineNo data IDR 2020UE

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and academic performance in youth: the UP&DOWN study

[Purpose]: To examine the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and academic performance in children and adolescents. [Methods]: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 1371 youth aged 12.04 ± 2.50 years (685 girls) in Spain during 2011–2012. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the KIDMED index (Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents), which includes 16 questions on specific dietary patterns. Levels of adherence were classified into three groups: poor adherence (0–3), average adherence (4–7), and good adherence (8–12). Academic performance was assessed through school records using four indicators: math, language, an average of math and language, and grade point average score. [Results]: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was related to academic performance (β ranging from 0.107 to 0.148; all P < 0.001) after adjusting for confounders. The group of good adherence to the Mediterranean diet had significantly higher scores in all of the academic indicators compared with the poor group (ranging from +0.429 to 0.464; all P ≤ 0.001); as well as the group of average adherence to the Mediterranean diet had significantly higher scores in all of the academic indicators compared with the poor group (ranging from +0.292 to 0.344; all P ≤ 0.06). There were no differences between the groups of good and average adherence to the Mediterranean diet. [Conclusions]: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet may have a beneficial influence on academic performance in youth. Importantly, the benefits of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on academic performance may be stronger as youth adhered to the optimal Mediterranean diet levels.The UP&DOWN study was supported by the DEP 2010-21662-C04-00 Grant from the National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation [R+D+i] MICINN.Peer Reviewe