97 research outputs found

    Senses of Self, Society, and Cosmos

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    The pervasiveness of ayahuasca use in lowland South America, alongside its rising global diaspora spurred by ayahuasca tour-ism, religious movements, and the psychedelic renaissance, makes Gearin and Calavia Sáez’s critical scholarship particularly welcome. The authors’ comparative attention to visualise and individualism across“glocal” contexts of ayahuasca practices, namely, neoshamanic uses in Australia and indigenous practices in Amazonia, is compelling. They invite us to focus on diverging notions of property and personhood to understand ayahuasca visualism as an expression of divergent cultural viewpoints. I concur with their proposal that ayahuasca visions are sites of equivocation whose interpretations are rendered meaningful by particular socialities. They view the Australian neoshamanic individual as a product of the philosophical Enlightenmentwho becomes the center of the ayahuasca experience, interpretation, and outcome, while for“Amazonians,” the centrality of the individual is a product of animistic and perspectival ontologies and is therefore by default fractal and more broadly connected to larger social worlds

    Development and implementation of a highly-multiplexed SNP array for genetic mapping in maritime pine and comparative mapping with loblolly pine

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most abundant source of genetic variation among individuals of a species. New genotyping technologies allow examining hundreds to thousands of SNPs in a single reaction for a wide range of applications such as genetic diversity analysis, linkage mapping, fine QTL mapping, association studies, marker-assisted or genome-wide selection. In this paper, we evaluated the potential of highly-multiplexed SNP genotyping for genetic mapping in maritime pine (<it>Pinus pinaster </it>Ait.), the main conifer used for commercial plantation in southwestern Europe.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We designed a custom GoldenGate assay for 1,536 SNPs detected through the resequencing of gene fragments (707 <it>in vitro </it>SNPs/Indels) and from Sanger-derived Expressed Sequenced Tags assembled into a unigene set (829 <it>in silico </it>SNPs/Indels). Offspring from three-generation outbred (G2) and inbred (F2) pedigrees were genotyped. The success rate of the assay was 63.6% and 74.8% for <it>in silico </it>and <it>in vitro </it>SNPs, respectively. A genotyping error rate of 0.4% was further estimated from segregating data of SNPs belonging to the same gene. Overall, 394 SNPs were available for mapping. A total of 287 SNPs were integrated with previously mapped markers in the G2 parental maps, while 179 SNPs were localized on the map generated from the analysis of the F2 progeny. Based on 98 markers segregating in both pedigrees, we were able to generate a consensus map comprising 357 SNPs from 292 different loci. Finally, the analysis of sequence homology between mapped markers and their orthologs in a <it>Pinus taeda </it>linkage map, made it possible to align the 12 linkage groups of both species.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results show that the GoldenGate assay can be used successfully for high-throughput SNP genotyping in maritime pine, a conifer species that has a genome seven times the size of the human genome. This SNP-array will be extended thanks to recent sequencing effort using new generation sequencing technologies and will include SNPs from comparative orthologous sequences that were identified in the present study, providing a wider collection of anchor points for comparative genomics among the conifers.</p

    Predictors of hospital discharge and mortality in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: updated results from the nationwide CORONADO study

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    AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: This is an update of the results from the previous report of the CORONADO (Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and Diabetes Outcomes) study, which aims to describe the outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with diabetes hospitalised for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: The CORONADO initiative is a French nationwide multicentre study of patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19 with a 28-day follow-up. The patients were screened after hospital admission from 10 March to 10 April 2020. We mainly focused on hospital discharge and death within 28 days. RESULTS: We included 2796 participants: 63.7% men, mean age 69.7 ± 13.2 years, median BMI (25th-75th percentile) 28.4 (25.0-32.4) kg/m(2). Microvascular and macrovascular diabetic complications were found in 44.2% and 38.6% of participants, respectively. Within 28 days, 1404 (50.2%; 95% CI 48.3%, 52.1%) were discharged from hospital with a median duration of hospital stay of 9 (5-14) days, while 577 participants died (20.6%; 95% CI 19.2%, 22.2%). In multivariable models, younger age, routine metformin therapy and longer symptom duration on admission were positively associated with discharge. History of microvascular complications, anticoagulant routine therapy, dyspnoea on admission, and higher aspartate aminotransferase, white cell count and C-reactive protein levels were associated with a reduced chance of discharge. Factors associated with death within 28 days mirrored those associated with discharge, and also included routine treatment by insulin and statin as deleterious factors. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19, we established prognostic factors for hospital discharge and death that could help clinicians in this pandemic period. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04324736

    Molecular plasticity of two maritime pine ecotypes under osmotic stress

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    L'alimentation en eau constitue le principal facteur limitant la croissance, voire la survie desplantes. Les modĂšles climatiques prĂ©voient pour les 50 Ă  100 annĂ©es Ă  venir une baisse desprĂ©cipitations et des tempĂ©ratures estivales accrues dans la moitiĂ© sud de la France. La durĂ©ede vie d'une forĂȘt de pin maritime, de sa plantation jusqu'Ă  la coupe d'exploitation estjustement de 50 ans. Il est donc important de savoir si ces organismes pourront faire face Ă  cesbrusques changements climatiques ; en d'autres termes si les variĂ©tĂ©s amĂ©liorĂ©es plantĂ©esaujourd'hui pourront maintenir le niveau actuel de productivitĂ© dans un milieu plus pauvre eneau, et tolĂ©rer des Ă©pisodes de sĂ©cheresse intense. La capacitĂ© de ces organismes Ă  faire face Ă ces perturbations brutales dĂ©pendra Ă  la fois de leur plasticitĂ© phĂ©notypique et de leur diversitĂ©gĂ©nĂ©tique. Dans le cadre de cette thĂšse, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© la plasticitĂ© molĂ©culaire du systĂšmeracinaire de jeunes plants de pin maritime Ă©levĂ©s en milieu hydroponique et soumis Ă  un stressosmotique par ajout de polyĂ©thylĂšne glycol. Un plan factoriel croisant deux Ă©cotypes (Franceet Maroc) par cinq niveaux de stress a permis d'analyser les rĂ©ponses du transcriptome et duprotĂ©ome Ă  court et long terme. Nos investigations ont portĂ© sur l'accumulation des transcritsde 7000 gĂšnes et de 1200 protĂ©ines. L'analyse statistique des donnĂ©es a permis d'identifierdes gĂšnes dont la plasticitĂ© molĂ©culaire est gĂ©nĂ©tiquement contrĂŽlĂ©e, rĂ©vĂ©lant des stratĂ©gies derĂ©ponse diffĂ©rentes de chaque Ă©cotype. La valeur adaptative de ces gĂšnes pourra alors ĂȘtreconfirmĂ©e par l'interprĂ©tation des patrons de diversitĂ© nuclĂ©otidique de ces gĂšnes candidats.Among abiotic stresses, water deficit is probably the most severe limiting factor of plantgrowth and development. In South-Western France climatologists predict a significantincrease of temperature combined with lower rainfall during the growing period for the nextcentury. Such modifications will place forest trees in the presence of new and suddenenvironmental constraints. It is therefore essential to know if these organisms will be able toface such climatic changes. In other words, if plantation of improved varieties will maintainthe present level of productivity with lower water availability as well as sustain severedrought episodes. The capacity of these organisms to adapt to such perturbations will dependon both their phenotypic plasticity and their genetic diversity. In the frame of this thesis, westudied molecular plasticity of maritime pine seedlings grown in hydroponics and exposed toosmotic stress using polyethylene glycol as osmoticum. A factorial design crossing twoecotypes (France & Morocco) by different levels of stress (short & long term) was used tostudy the transcriptomic and proteomic responses of the root system. Our investigationsfocused on accumulation of 7,000 transcripts and 1,200 proteins. Statistical analysis revealeddifferentially expressed genes according to ecotype and condition effects. More interestingwas genes whose molecular plasticity was genetically controlled, revealing ecotype dependentstrategy to response to the imposed stresses. The adaptive significance of these genes could beconfirmed by analysing their patterns of nucleotidic diversity with the main objective ofdetecting molecular signature of natural selection

    Plasticité moléculaire de deux écotypes de pin maritime soumis à un stress osmotique

    No full text
    DonnĂ©es sources disponibles sur le site web du laboratoireAmong abiotic stresses, water deficit is probably the most severe limiting factor of plantgrowth and development. In South-Western France climatologists predict a significantincrease of temperature combined with lower rainfall during the growing period for the nextcentury. Such modifications will place forest trees in the presence of new and suddenenvironmental constraints. It is therefore essential to know if these organisms will be able toface such climatic changes. In other words, if plantation of improved varieties will maintainthe present level of productivity with lower water availability as well as sustain severedrought episodes. The capacity of these organisms to adapt to such perturbations will dependon both their phenotypic plasticity and their genetic diversity. In the frame of this thesis, westudied molecular plasticity of maritime pine seedlings grown in hydroponics and exposed toosmotic stress using polyethylene glycol as osmoticum. A factorial design crossing twoecotypes (France & Morocco) by different levels of stress (short & long term) was used tostudy the transcriptomic and proteomic responses of the root system. Our investigationsfocused on accumulation of 7,000 transcripts and 1,200 proteins. Statistical analysis revealeddifferentially expressed genes according to ecotype and condition effects. More interestingwas genes whose molecular plasticity was genetically controlled, revealing ecotype dependentstrategy to response to the imposed stresses. The adaptive significance of these genes could beconfirmed by analysing their patterns of nucleotidic diversity with the main objective ofdetecting molecular signature of natural selection.L'alimentation en eau constitue le principal facteur limitant la croissance, voire la survie desplantes. Les modĂšles climatiques prĂ©voient pour les 50 Ă  100 annĂ©es Ă  venir une baisse desprĂ©cipitations et des tempĂ©ratures estivales accrues dans la moitiĂ© sud de la France. La durĂ©ede vie d'une forĂȘt de pin maritime, de sa plantation jusqu'Ă  la coupe d'exploitation estjustement de 50 ans. Il est donc important de savoir si ces organismes pourront faire face Ă  cesbrusques changements climatiques ; en d'autres termes si les variĂ©tĂ©s amĂ©liorĂ©es plantĂ©esaujourd'hui pourront maintenir le niveau actuel de productivitĂ© dans un milieu plus pauvre eneau, et tolĂ©rer des Ă©pisodes de sĂ©cheresse intense. La capacitĂ© de ces organismes Ă  faire face Ă ces perturbations brutales dĂ©pendra Ă  la fois de leur plasticitĂ© phĂ©notypique et de leur diversitĂ©gĂ©nĂ©tique. Dans le cadre de cette thĂšse, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© la plasticitĂ© molĂ©culaire du systĂšmeracinaire de jeunes plants de pin maritime Ă©levĂ©s en milieu hydroponique et soumis Ă  un stressosmotique par ajout de polyĂ©thylĂšne glycol. Un plan factoriel croisant deux Ă©cotypes (Franceet Maroc) par cinq niveaux de stress a permis d'analyser les rĂ©ponses du transcriptome et duprotĂ©ome Ă  court et long terme. Nos investigations ont portĂ© sur l'accumulation des transcritsde 7000 gĂšnes et de 1200 protĂ©ines. L'analyse statistique des donnĂ©es a permis d'identifierdes gĂšnes dont la plasticitĂ© molĂ©culaire est gĂ©nĂ©tiquement contrĂŽlĂ©e, rĂ©vĂ©lant des stratĂ©gies derĂ©ponse diffĂ©rentes de chaque Ă©cotype. La valeur adaptative de ces gĂšnes pourra alors ĂȘtreconfirmĂ©e par l'interprĂ©tation des patrons de diversitĂ© nuclĂ©otidique de ces gĂšnes candidats

    Plasticité moléculaire de deux écotypes de pin maritime soumis à un stress osmotique

    No full text
    L’alimentation en eau constitue le principal facteur limitant la croissance, voire la survie des plantes. Les modĂšles climatiques prĂ©voient pour les 50 Ă  100 annĂ©es Ă  venir une baisse des prĂ©cipitations et des tempĂ©ratures estivales accrues dans la moitiĂ© sud de la France. La durĂ©e de vie d’une forĂȘt de pin maritime, de sa plantation jusqu’à la coupe d’exploitation est justement de 50 ans. Il est donc important de savoir si ces organismes pourront faire face Ă  ces brusques changements climatiques ; en d’autres termes si les variĂ©tĂ©s amĂ©liorĂ©es plantĂ©es aujourd’hui pourront maintenir le niveau actuel de productivitĂ© dans un milieu plus pauvre en eau, et tolĂ©rer des Ă©pisodes de sĂ©cheresse intense. La capacitĂ© de ces organismes Ă  faire face Ă  ces perturbations brutales dĂ©pendra Ă  la fois de leur plasticitĂ© phĂ©notypique et de leur diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique. Dans le cadre de cette thĂšse, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© la plasticitĂ© molĂ©culaire du systĂšme racinaire de jeunes plants de pin maritime Ă©levĂ©s en milieu hydroponique et soumis Ă  un stress osmotique par ajout de polyĂ©thylĂšne glycol. Un plan factoriel croisant deux Ă©cotypes (France et Maroc) par cinq niveaux de stress a permis d’analyser les rĂ©ponses du transcriptome et du protĂ©ome Ă  court et long terme. Nos investigations ont portĂ© sur l’accumulation des transcrits de 7000 gĂšnes et de 1200 protĂ©ines. L’analyse statistique des donnĂ©es a permis d’identifier des gĂšnes dont la plasticitĂ© molĂ©culaire est gĂ©nĂ©tiquement contrĂŽlĂ©e, rĂ©vĂ©lant des stratĂ©gies de rĂ©ponse diffĂ©rentes de chaque Ă©cotype. La valeur adaptative de ces gĂšnes pourra alors ĂȘtre confirmĂ©e par l’interprĂ©tation des patrons de diversitĂ© nuclĂ©otidique de ces gĂšnes candidatsAmong abiotic stresses, water deficit is probably the most severe limiting factor of plant growth and development. In South-Western France climatologists predict a significant increase of temperature combined with lower rainfall during the growing period for the next century. Such modifications will place forest trees in the presence of new and sudden environmental constraints. It is therefore essential to know if these organisms will be able to face such climatic changes. In other words, if plantation of improved varieties will maintain the present level of productivity with lower water availability as well as sustain severe drought episodes. The capacity of these organisms to adapt to such perturbations will depend on both their phenotypic plasticity and their genetic diversity. In the frame of this thesis, we studied molecular plasticity of maritime pine seedlings grown in hydroponics and exposed to osmotic stress using polyethylene glycol as osmoticum. A factorial design crossing two ecotypes (France & Morocco) by different levels of stress (short & long term) was used to study the transcriptomic and proteomic responses of the root system. Our investigations focused on accumulation of 7,000 transcripts and 1,200 proteins. Statistical analysis revealed differentially expressed genes according to ecotype and condition effects. More interesting was genes whose molecular plasticity was genetically controlled, revealing ecotype dependent strategy to response to the imposed stresses. The adaptive significance of these genes could be confirmed by analysing their patterns of nucleotidic diversity with the main objective of detecting molecular signature of natural selectio

    Molecular plasticity of two maritime pine ecotypes under osmotic stress

    No full text
    L'alimentation en eau constitue le principal facteur limitant la croissance, voire la survie desplantes. Les modĂšles climatiques prĂ©voient pour les 50 Ă  100 annĂ©es Ă  venir une baisse desprĂ©cipitations et des tempĂ©ratures estivales accrues dans la moitiĂ© sud de la France. La durĂ©ede vie d'une forĂȘt de pin maritime, de sa plantation jusqu'Ă  la coupe d'exploitation estjustement de 50 ans. Il est donc important de savoir si ces organismes pourront faire face Ă  cesbrusques changements climatiques ; en d'autres termes si les variĂ©tĂ©s amĂ©liorĂ©es plantĂ©esaujourd'hui pourront maintenir le niveau actuel de productivitĂ© dans un milieu plus pauvre eneau, et tolĂ©rer des Ă©pisodes de sĂ©cheresse intense. La capacitĂ© de ces organismes Ă  faire face Ă ces perturbations brutales dĂ©pendra Ă  la fois de leur plasticitĂ© phĂ©notypique et de leur diversitĂ©gĂ©nĂ©tique. Dans le cadre de cette thĂšse, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© la plasticitĂ© molĂ©culaire du systĂšmeracinaire de jeunes plants de pin maritime Ă©levĂ©s en milieu hydroponique et soumis Ă  un stressosmotique par ajout de polyĂ©thylĂšne glycol. Un plan factoriel croisant deux Ă©cotypes (Franceet Maroc) par cinq niveaux de stress a permis d'analyser les rĂ©ponses du transcriptome et duprotĂ©ome Ă  court et long terme. Nos investigations ont portĂ© sur l'accumulation des transcritsde 7000 gĂšnes et de 1200 protĂ©ines. L'analyse statistique des donnĂ©es a permis d'identifierdes gĂšnes dont la plasticitĂ© molĂ©culaire est gĂ©nĂ©tiquement contrĂŽlĂ©e, rĂ©vĂ©lant des stratĂ©gies derĂ©ponse diffĂ©rentes de chaque Ă©cotype. La valeur adaptative de ces gĂšnes pourra alors ĂȘtreconfirmĂ©e par l'interprĂ©tation des patrons de diversitĂ© nuclĂ©otidique de ces gĂšnes candidats.Among abiotic stresses, water deficit is probably the most severe limiting factor of plantgrowth and development. In South-Western France climatologists predict a significantincrease of temperature combined with lower rainfall during the growing period for the nextcentury. Such modifications will place forest trees in the presence of new and suddenenvironmental constraints. It is therefore essential to know if these organisms will be able toface such climatic changes. In other words, if plantation of improved varieties will maintainthe present level of productivity with lower water availability as well as sustain severedrought episodes. The capacity of these organisms to adapt to such perturbations will dependon both their phenotypic plasticity and their genetic diversity. In the frame of this thesis, westudied molecular plasticity of maritime pine seedlings grown in hydroponics and exposed toosmotic stress using polyethylene glycol as osmoticum. A factorial design crossing twoecotypes (France & Morocco) by different levels of stress (short & long term) was used tostudy the transcriptomic and proteomic responses of the root system. Our investigationsfocused on accumulation of 7,000 transcripts and 1,200 proteins. Statistical analysis revealeddifferentially expressed genes according to ecotype and condition effects. More interestingwas genes whose molecular plasticity was genetically controlled, revealing ecotype dependentstrategy to response to the imposed stresses. The adaptive significance of these genes could beconfirmed by analysing their patterns of nucleotidic diversity with the main objective ofdetecting molecular signature of natural selection

    Plasticité moléculaire de deux écotypes de pin maritime soumis à un stress osmotique

    No full text
    L’alimentation en eau constitue le principal facteur limitant la croissance, voire la survie des plantes. Les modĂšles climatiques prĂ©voient pour les 50 Ă  100 annĂ©es Ă  venir une baisse des prĂ©cipitations et des tempĂ©ratures estivales accrues dans la moitiĂ© sud de la France. La durĂ©e de vie d’une forĂȘt de pin maritime, de sa plantation jusqu’à la coupe d’exploitation est justement de 50 ans. Il est donc important de savoir si ces organismes pourront faire face Ă  ces brusques changements climatiques ; en d’autres termes si les variĂ©tĂ©s amĂ©liorĂ©es plantĂ©es aujourd’hui pourront maintenir le niveau actuel de productivitĂ© dans un milieu plus pauvre en eau, et tolĂ©rer des Ă©pisodes de sĂ©cheresse intense. La capacitĂ© de ces organismes Ă  faire face Ă  ces perturbations brutales dĂ©pendra Ă  la fois de leur plasticitĂ© phĂ©notypique et de leur diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique. Dans le cadre de cette thĂšse, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© la plasticitĂ© molĂ©culaire du systĂšme racinaire de jeunes plants de pin maritime Ă©levĂ©s en milieu hydroponique et soumis Ă  un stress osmotique par ajout de polyĂ©thylĂšne glycol. Un plan factoriel croisant deux Ă©cotypes (France et Maroc) par cinq niveaux de stress a permis d’analyser les rĂ©ponses du transcriptome et du protĂ©ome Ă  court et long terme. Nos investigations ont portĂ© sur l’accumulation des transcrits de 7000 gĂšnes et de 1200 protĂ©ines. L’analyse statistique des donnĂ©es a permis d’identifier des gĂšnes dont la plasticitĂ© molĂ©culaire est gĂ©nĂ©tiquement contrĂŽlĂ©e, rĂ©vĂ©lant des stratĂ©gies de rĂ©ponse diffĂ©rentes de chaque Ă©cotype. La valeur adaptative de ces gĂšnes pourra alors ĂȘtre confirmĂ©e par l’interprĂ©tation des patrons de diversitĂ© nuclĂ©otidique de ces gĂšnes candidatsAmong abiotic stresses, water deficit is probably the most severe limiting factor of plant growth and development. In South-Western France climatologists predict a significant increase of temperature combined with lower rainfall during the growing period for the next century. Such modifications will place forest trees in the presence of new and sudden environmental constraints. It is therefore essential to know if these organisms will be able to face such climatic changes. In other words, if plantation of improved varieties will maintain the present level of productivity with lower water availability as well as sustain severe drought episodes. The capacity of these organisms to adapt to such perturbations will depend on both their phenotypic plasticity and their genetic diversity. In the frame of this thesis, we studied molecular plasticity of maritime pine seedlings grown in hydroponics and exposed to osmotic stress using polyethylene glycol as osmoticum. A factorial design crossing two ecotypes (France & Morocco) by different levels of stress (short & long term) was used to study the transcriptomic and proteomic responses of the root system. Our investigations focused on accumulation of 7,000 transcripts and 1,200 proteins. Statistical analysis revealed differentially expressed genes according to ecotype and condition effects. More interesting was genes whose molecular plasticity was genetically controlled, revealing ecotype dependent strategy to response to the imposed stresses. The adaptive significance of these genes could be confirmed by analysing their patterns of nucleotidic diversity with the main objective of detecting molecular signature of natural selectio
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