Spatial variability of characteristics of the ice cover of the Rybinsky reservoir in winter 2022

The paper presents the results and a brief analysis of in-situ measurements of thickness and other characteristics of the ice cover of the Rybinsky reservoir, which took place during two expeditions in February and April 2022. In expeditions, 49 ice cores were taken, which provide enough information to evaluate the heterogeneity of the ice cover. The most accurate data were obtained for two profiles, which cross the reservoir from the north to the south and from the southwest to the northeast and coincide with two tracks of the satellite altimeter Jason-3. In 2022 ice cover of the Rybinsky reservoir was heterogeneous and made up several different ice layers. Combination and thickness of these layers were distributed unevenly over the surface of the reservoir and were changing over time. The most uneven distribution was observed in the winter: near the shore and in the southwest part of the reservoir ice cover consisted of black ice, central part of the reservoir was made of black ice and frazil ice and east part of the reservoir was made up black ice and white ice. In the spring, ice cover became much more homogeneous and consisted of thick layers of white ice and black ice

Two-temperature relaxation and melting after absorption of femtosecond laser pulse

The theory and experiments concerned with the electron-ion thermal relaxation and melting of overheated crystal lattice constitute the subject of this paper. The physical model includes two-temperature equation of state, many-body interatomic potential, the electron-ion energy exchange, electron thermal conductivity, and optical properties of solid, liquid, and two phase solid-liquid mixture. Two-temperature hydrodynamics and molecular dynamics codes are used. An experimental setup with pump-probe technique is used to follow evolution of an irradiated target with a short time step 100 fs between the probe femtosecond laser pulses. Accuracy of measurements of reflection coefficient and phase of reflected probe light are ~1% and \sim 1\un{nm}, respectively. It is found that, {\it firstly}, the electron-electron collisions make a minor contribution to a light absorbtion in solid Al at moderate intensities; {\it secondly}, the phase shift of a reflected probe results from heating of ion subsystem and kinetics of melting of Al crystal during 0 where $t$ is time delay between the pump and probe pulses measured from the maximum of the pump; {\it thirdly} the optical response of Au to a pump shows a marked contrast to that of Al on account of excitation of \textit{d}-electronsComment: 6th International Conference on Photo-Excited Processes and Applications 9-12 Sep 2008, Sapporo, Japan, http://www.icpepa6.com, the contributed paper will be published in Applied Surface Science(2009

Nucleotide sequence of the Galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis virus origin of DNA replication

AbstractThe initiation sites of the Galleria mellonella L. nuclear polyhedrosis virus (G.m. NPV) DNA replication were revealed. For this purpose SCLd 135 cells permitting the G.m. NPV productive reproduction were transformed by the recombinant plasmids containing the viral genome individual fragments in pRSF 2124 and pBR 322 vectors. It was revealed that 2 of the 32 recombinant plasmids can autonomously replicate in the eucaryotic cells. According to the Maxam-Gilbert method the DNA G.m. NPV fragment (1300 bp) primary structure of pHBR plasmid was determined. The structure analysis revealed the typical regulator signals as in the replicons. The possible regulation mechanisms of the DNA G.m. NPV synthesis initiation was supposed

RESPONSE OF VEGETATION TO CLIMATE CHANGES DURING LATE GLACIAL AND HOLOCENE INFERRED FROM POLLEN RECORD OF LAKE ONEGA

105-10

Efficacy and Safety of Netakimab, A Novel Anti-IL-17 Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients with Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis. Results of A 54-Week Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled PLANETA Clinical Trial

Altres ajuts: Sponsorship for this study and the Rapid Service Fee were funded by JSC BIOCAD, Ul. Italianskaya 17, St Petersburg, Russia, 191186Introduction: Netakimab (NTK), an original humanized anti-interleukin-17 monoclonal antibody, showed therapeutic efficacy in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in a phase 2 clinical study. Herein we report the results of 54 weeks of a phase 3 PLANETA trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two NTK regimens vs. placebo. Methods: Two hundred thirteen patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis were randomly assigned to receive NTK 120 mg once every 2 weeks (NTK Q2W), NTK 120 mg once every 4 weeks (NTK Q4W) or placebo. During the first 3 weeks, patients received subcutaneous injections of NTK or placebo (according to the allocation) once a week. Patients in the NTK Q2W group then received NTK at weeks 4, 6, 8 and 10. Subjects in the NTK Q4W group received NTK at weeks 6 and 10 and placebo at weeks 4 and 8. Patients in the placebo group received placebo injections at weeks 4, 6, 8 and 10. Treatment was unblinded at week 12. During the open-label phase, patients in both NTK groups continued to receive NTK Q4W. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients in each group who achieved a ≥ 75% reduction from baseline in psoriasis area and severity index (PASI 75) at week 12. Results: A total of 77.7%, 83.3% and 0% of patients had a PASI 75 response at week 12 in the NTK Q2W, NTK Q4W and placebo groups, respectively (P < 0.0001, Fisher's exact test, ITT). The effect was maintained throughout the 1-year treatment. NTK showed a good safety profile and low immunogenicity. Conclusion: Treatment with NTK results in high rates of sustained clinical response in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. The study is ongoing; thus, long-term use efficacy and safety data are forthcoming. Clinical Trial Registration: The trial is registered at the US National Institutes of Health (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT03390101)

Spallative ablation of dielectrics by X-ray laser

Short laser pulse in wide range of wavelengths, from infrared to X-ray, disturbs electron-ion equilibrium and rises pressure in a heated layer. The case where pulse duration $\tau_L$ is shorter than acoustic relaxation time $t_s$ is considered in the paper. It is shown that this short pulse may cause thermomechanical phenomena such as spallative ablation regardless to wavelength. While the physics of electron-ion relaxation on wavelength and various electron spectra of substances: there are spectra with an energy gap in semiconductors and dielectrics opposed to gapless continuous spectra in metals. The paper describes entire sequence of thermomechanical processes from expansion, nucleation, foaming, and nanostructuring to spallation with particular attention to spallation by X-ray pulse

Сравнительный анализ орофарингеальной микробиоты у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких и бронхиальной астмой различной степени тяжести

Backgraund: The result of comparative study of oropharyngeal microbiota taxonomic composition in patients with different severity level of bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is presented in this paper. Aims: To compare oropharyngeal microbiota composition in case of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in different severity levels. Metods: 138 patients, 50 with BA and 88 with COPD were studied. For each patient was collected anamnesis vitae, swab from the back of the throat and performed physical examination. High-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analysis was employed to characterize the microbial communities. Results: As a result of the study was found a number of differences on various taxonomic levels in microbiota’s composition within group of patients with different severity level of BA and group of patients with different severity level of COPD and between those groups. COPD patients with GOLD 1–2 in comparison with GOLD 3–4 patiens are marked by prevalence of species Brevibacterium aureum, genus Scardovia, Coprococcus, Haemophilus, Moryella, Dialister, Paludibacter and decrease of Prevotella melaninogenica species. BA patients with severe uncontrolled asthma in comparison with patients which have mild persistent asthma are marked by decrease of Prevotella and increase of species Bifidobacterium longum, Prevotella nanceiensis, Neisseria cinerea, Aggregatibacter segnis and genus Odoribacter, Alloiococcus, Lactobacillus, Megasphaera, Parvimonas, Sneathia. Patient’s microbiota in BA group in comparison with COPD group is characterized by the prevalence of Prevotella melaninogenica and genus Selenomonas, Granulicatella и Gemella, and decrease of Prevotella nigrescens, Haemophilus influenza and genus Aggregatibacter, Alloiococcus, Catonella, Mycoplasma, Peptoniphilus и Sediminibacterium. There are no differences between microbiota composition in case of severe uncontrolled BA and very severe COPD. Conclusion: Lack of differences in oropharyngeal microbiota taxonomic composition between patients with severe uncontrolled BA and very severe COPD allow us to suggest a similarity of bronchopulmonary system condition in case of diseases' severe stages.Обоснование. Характеристика орофарингеальной микробиоты при хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ) и бронхиальной астме (БА) в зависимости от тяжести течения заболеваний является актуальной задачей, решение которой позволит уточнить роль микробиоты в их патогенезе. Цель исследования: сравнительный анализ состава орофарингеальной микробиоты при ХОБЛ и БА разной степени выраженности симптомов. Методы. В исследование включены 138 больных, из них 88 с ХОБЛ, 50 — с БА. Для каждого пациента был собран анамнез жизни, проведено физикальное исследование и получен мазок из орофарингеальной области. Определение таксономического состава проводилось секвенированием генов бактериальной 16S рРНК с последующим биоинформатическим и статистическим анализом. Результаты. При сравнительном анализе были найдены различия в представленности микроорганизмов. Для микробиоты больных ХОБЛ 1–2-й степени тяжести в сравнении с образцами ХОБЛ 3–4-й степени на фоне снижения представленностиPrevotella melaninogenica характерно более высокое содержание Brevibacterium aureum и представителей рода Scardovia, Coprococcus, Haemophilus, Moryella, Dialister и Paludibacter. Микробиота пациентов с тяжелой БА в сравнении с таковой при легкой персистирующей форме на фоне более низкого содержания бактерий рода Prevotella характеризуется более выраженным присутствием Bifidobacterium longum, Prevotella nanceiensis, Neisseria cinerea, Aggregatibacter segnis, а также представителей рода Odoribacter, Alloiococcus, Lactobacillus, Megasphaera, Parvimonas и Sneathia. При сравнении микробиоты больных БА и ХОБЛ для пациентов с БА отмечалась более высокая представленность P. melaninogenica и микроорганизмов рода Selenomonas, Granulicatella, Gemella, а также снижение Prevotella nigrescens, Haemophilus influenzae и Aggregatibacter, Alloiococcus, Catonella, Mycoplasma, Peptoniphilus, Sediminibacterium. При этом различия в составе орофарингеальной микробиоты у больных тяжелой неконтролируемой БА и ХОБЛ очень тяжелого течения не выявлены.Заключение. Отсутствие различий в бактериальной композиции орофарингеальной микробиоты у больных с тяжелыми формами ХОБЛ и БА позволяет высказать предположение о сходстве состояния бронхолегочной системы при тяжелых стадиях развития данных заболеваний

Green function techniques in the treatment of quantum transport at the molecular scale

The theoretical investigation of charge (and spin) transport at nanometer length scales requires the use of advanced and powerful techniques able to deal with the dynamical properties of the relevant physical systems, to explicitly include out-of-equilibrium situations typical for electrical/heat transport as well as to take into account interaction effects in a systematic way. Equilibrium Green function techniques and their extension to non-equilibrium situations via the Keldysh formalism build one of the pillars of current state-of-the-art approaches to quantum transport which have been implemented in both model Hamiltonian formulations and first-principle methodologies. We offer a tutorial overview of the applications of Green functions to deal with some fundamental aspects of charge transport at the nanoscale, mainly focusing on applications to model Hamiltonian formulations.Comment: Tutorial review, LaTeX, 129 pages, 41 figures, 300 references, submitted to Springer series "Lecture Notes in Physics

Project of VEPP-2000 electron-positron collider

The status of VEPP-2M collider is presented. Implementation of Round Colliding Beams (RCB) concept in the new collider VEPP-2M is outlined, potential advantages of RCB over the flat colliding beams are discussed. The main desing parameters and features of this VEPP-2000 collider are reported

Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities

A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in 2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the $B$-factories and CLEO-c flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality, precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for continuing investigations. The plethora of newly-found quarkonium-like states unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c\bar{c}, b\bar{b}, and b\bar{c} bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. The intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing directions for ongoing and future efforts.Comment: 182 pages, 112 figures. Editors: N. Brambilla, S. Eidelman, B. K. Heltsley, R. Vogt. Section Coordinators: G. T. Bodwin, E. Eichten, A. D. Frawley, A. B. Meyer, R. E. Mitchell, V. Papadimitriou, P. Petreczky, A. A. Petrov, P. Robbe, A. Vair