Atitudes, conhecimento e opiniao frente a saude mental em alunos de graduacao em enfermagem

A cross-sectional study involving 235 subjects was conducted in 2011 to compare the opinions of nursing students regarding mental illness and related care practices at two institutions in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Following approval by the ethics committee, data collection was initiated using an instrument containing questions regarding the importance of personal characteristics, knowledge of mental health, and the Opinions about Mental Illness (OMI) scale. Statistical analyses, including the Mann-Whitney test, Chi-squared test, and Spearman correlation at , were performed using SPSSv.15. The students exhibited significantly different characteristics only for Benevolence. Regarding the importance of knowledge about mental health, in comparison with students from the State University of Londrina (Universidade Estadual de Londrina – UEL), students at the State University of Maringa (Universidade Estadual de Maringá – UEM) considered psychological aspects more comprehensively than technical knowledge. We conclude that there are differences between students at these institutions in terms of knowledge and the factor Benevolence. Further studies are necessary to identify the underlying causes of such differences.Estudio transversal cuyo objetivo fue comparar la opinión de los estudiantes de Enfermería de dos instituciones de Paraná, Brasil, sobre la enfermedad mental y sus prácticas de cuidado. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo en el 2011, con 235 sujetos después de la aprobación del comité de ética en investigación. Se utilizó la escala de Opiniones sobre Enfermedades Mentales (ODM) y un instrumento con preguntas sobre la importancia de las características personales y los conocimientos en salud mental. El análisis se realizó con el programa estadístico SPSS-v.15, con las pruebas de Mann-Whitney y de Chi-cuadrado y la correlación de Spearman. En la ODM, los estudiantes presentaron diferentes características, significativas sólo en relación a la benevolencia. En relación a la importancia de los conocimientos en salud mental, los estudiantes de la UEM consideran más integralmente los aspectos psicológicos que los estudiantes de la UEL. Se concluye que existen diferencias entre los estudiantes de las instituciones participantes en relación con la benevolencia de la ODM y los conocimientos en salud mental. Existe la necesidad de realizar otros estudios para identificar con mayor profundidad las causas de estas diferencias.Estudo transversal cujo objetivo foi comparar a opinião de estudantes de Enfermagem de duas instituições paranaenses frente à doença mental e suas práticas de cuidado. A coleta de dados foi realizada em 2011 com 235 sujeitos após aprovação do comitê de ética em pesquisa. Utilizou-se escala de Opiniões sobre a Doença Mental (ODM) e um instrumento composto de questões sobre a importância de características pessoais e conhecimento em saúde mental. A análise foi realizada por meio do programa estatístico SPSS-v.15, com os testes de Mann-Whitney e Qui-quadrado e a correlação de Spearman . Na ODM, os estudantes apresentaram características distintas, significativas apenas em relação à benevolência. Quanto à importância dos conhecimentos em saúde mental, os estudantes da UEM consideram de forma mais integral os aspectos psicológicos que os da UEL. Concluiu-se que há diferenças entre os estudantes das instituições envolvidas em relação ao fator benevolência da ODM e ao conhecimento em saúde mental. Há necessidade de outros estudos que possam identificar com mais profundidade as causas dessas diferenças

Nonpharmacological interventions used in the perioperative period to prevent anxiety in adolescents: a scoping review

Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to examine and map the range of nonpharmacological interventions used in the perioperative period to prevent anxiety in adolescents. Introduction: Undergoing surgery involves experiencing fears and uncertainties that lead to an increase in anxiety levels. The interventions used to prevent anxiety in the perioperative period in adolescents must be appropriate to their developmental stage. Inclusion criteria: Studies involving adolescents (10 to 19 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure and specifying any nonpharmacological interventions administered to prevent anxiety, implemented in the perioperative period, were included in this review. Methods: A comprehensive search strategy using multiple databases was employed to find relevant studies. The databases search included MEDLINE via PubMed; CINAHL Plus with Full Text via EBSCO; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; LILACS; Scopus; Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts; PsycINFO; JBI Connectþ; and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Sources of unpublished studies and gray literature were TDX – Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Spain); RCAAP – Reposito´ rio Cientı´fico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal; OpenGrey – System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe; and MedNar. Studies published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese were included. There was no date restriction, or geographical or cultural limitation applied to the search. The relevant studies and their reported outcomes were organized and analyzed. Results: The database search yielded 1438 articles, and three additional records were added after hand searching. Title, abstract, and full-text review identified 11 papers that met the inclusion criteria. The final data set represented 947 participants. The data were analyzed according to the type of nonpharmacological intervention, population, concept (outcome measured and tool used), context (physical location; preoperative vs. postoperative), frequency and duration of the intervention, and which professional team member implemented the intervention. Eight nonpharmacological interventions were identified, applied either in the preoperative or postoperative context. The nurses were the main professionals administering the nonpharmacological interventions to the adolescents. Conclusions: A variety of nonpharmacological interventions were used in the perioperative period to prevent anxiety in adolescents. The most common interventions were music/musicotherapy and hypnosis/guided imagery. However, other interventions such as therapeutic play, preoperative preparation program, mothers’ presence during the anesthesia induction, distraction, relaxation training, massage therapy, and reading were also identified. These interventions were used alone or in a combination of two interventions, either preoperatively or postoperatively. The adolescents in the early stage (10 to 14 years) were the most studied group and the adolescents in the late stage (17 to 19 years) were the least studied. Future research should focus on the implementation of nonpharmacological interventions in the perioperative period involving adolescents, particularly late adolescents. A systematic review on the effect of nonpharmacological interventions for anxiety management in adolescents in the perioperative period should be conducted.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Antenatal care policy in high-income countries with a universal health system: A scoping review

The availability, effectiveness, and access to antenatal care are directly linked with good maternal and neonatal outcomes, making antenatal care an important determinant in health. But to be effective, care must always be appropriate, not excessive, not insufficient. Perinatal outcomes vary within and between countries, raising questions about practices, the use of best evidence in clinical decisions and the existence of clear and updated guidance. Through a scoping review methodology, this study aimed to map the available antenatal care policies for lowrisk pregnant women in high-income countries with a universal health system, financed by the government through tax payments. Following searches on the main databases and grey literature, the authors identified and analysed ten antenatal care policies using a previously piloted datachart: Australia, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Some policies were over 10 years old, some recommendations did not present a rationale or context, others were outdated, or were simply different approaches in the absence of strong evidence. Whilst some recommendations were ubiquitous, others differed either in the recommendation provided, the timing, or the frequency. Similarly, we found wide variation in the methods/strategy used to support the recommendations provided. These results confirm that best evidence is not always assimilated into policies and clinical guidance. Further research crossing these differences with perinatal outcomes and evaluation of cost could be valuable to optimise guidance on antenatal care. Similarly, some aspects of care need further rigorous studies to obtain evidence of higher quality to inform recommendations.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Zebrafish motile cilia as a model for primary ciliary dyskinesia

Funding Information: Funding: This work was a product of the Project LYSOCIL funded by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation under grant agreement No 811087. It received funding from Fundação para a Ciencia e tecnologia, grant PTDC/BEX-BID/1411/2014; M.R. was funded by the fellowship PD/BD/136927/2018. P.S was funded by the fellowship SFRH/BD/111611/2015; C.B. was funded by the fellowship SFRH/BD/141034/2018; SSL was funded by FCT CEEC-IND 2018. Funding Information: Acknowledgments: The authors want to thank the Fish Facility from NMS. This work was developed with the support of the Fish Facility NMS|FCM that is part of CONGENTO, a Research Infrastructure co-financed by Lisboa Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal) LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022170. A.P. wants to thank the Royal Brompton and Harefield hospital, part of the Guy’s and St Thomas’ foundation trust, London. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Zebrafish is a vertebrate teleost widely used in many areas of research. As embryos, they develop quickly and provide unique opportunities for research studies owing to their transparency for at least 48 h post fertilization. Zebrafish have many ciliated organs that include primary cilia as well as motile cilia. Using zebrafish as an animal model helps to better understand human diseases such as Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD), an autosomal recessive disorder that affects cilia motility, currently associated with more than 50 genes. The aim of this study was to validate zebrafish motile cilia, both in mono and multiciliated cells, as organelles for PCD research. For this purpose, we obtained systematic high-resolution data in both the olfactory pit (OP) and the left–right organizer (LRO), a superficial organ and a deep organ embedded in the tail of the embryo, respectively. For the analysis of their axonemal ciliary structure, we used conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron tomography (ET). We characterised the wild-type OP cilia and showed, for the first time in zebrafish, the presence of motile cilia (9 + 2) in the periphery of the pit and the presence of immotile cilia (still 9 + 2), with absent outer dynein arms, in the centre of the pit. In addition, we reported that a central pair of microtubules in the LRO motile cilia is common in zebrafish, contrary to mouse embryos, but it is not observed in all LRO cilia from the same embryo. We further showed that the outer dynein arms of the microtubular doublet of both the OP and LRO cilia are structurally similar in dimensions to the human respiratory cilia at the resolution of TEM and ET. We conclude that zebrafish is a good model organism for PCD research but investigators need to be aware of the specific physical differences to correctly interpret their results.publishersversionpublishe

Variação inter-observador na medição dos perímetros da cintura e anca.

[resumo][abstract

Impact of Pancreatic Autoantibodies in Pancreas Graft Survival After Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation

In simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT), persistence or recurrence of pancreatic autoantibodies (PAs) has been associated with pancreas graft (PG) autoimmune-driven injury. Our aim was to analyze the impact of PAs on PG survival.Methods. Between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2017, we studied 139 patients with post-SPKT antieglutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) autoantibody. Alloimmune (ALI) events were defined as PG rejection and/or de novo donor-specific antibodies (DSA).Hence, 3 groups were defined: patients without ALI events or anti-GAD (n ¼ 42), those with ALI events (n ¼ 14), or those only with autoimmune events (positive for anti-GAD and no ALI events; n ¼ 83). Results. Male sex was predominant (n ¼ 72, 52%). Median age was 35 years (interquartile range: 31-39) and median follow-up was 6-7 years (interquartile range: 4.1-9.2). Regarding anti-GAD positivity post-SPKT (n ¼ 90, 65%), no differences were observed concerning age, sex, anti-HLA antibodies, HLA mismatch number and de novo DSA. ALI events were present in 10% (n ¼ 14). PG survival 15 years post-SPKT was better in patients without immune events (96%) followed by those with ALI (69%) and autoimmune events (63%) (P ¼ .025). Anti-GAD was associated to higher annualized mean Hb1AC (P ¼ .006) and lower mean C-peptide (P ¼ .013). According to pre- and post-SPKT anti-GAD status, conversion from negative to positive was associated to worse (63%) 10-year PG survival (P ¼ .044), compared to persistence of negative (100%) or positive anti-GAD (88%). Anti-islet cell and anti-insulin autoantibodies had no impact. Conclusion. Anti-GAD presence post-SPKT was associated to higher pâncreas disfunction and lower PG survival. De novo anti-GAD seems to offer a particular risk of PG failure.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effect of Dietary Laminaria digitata with Carbohydrases on Broiler Production Performance and Meat Quality, Lipid Profile, and Mineral Composition

Research Areas: Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; ZoologyABSTRACT - We hypothesized that dietary inclusion of 15% Laminaria digitata, supplemented or not with carbohydrases, could improve the nutritional value of poultry meat without impairing animal growth performance. A total of 120 22-day old broilers were fed the following dietary treatments (n = 10) for 14 days: cereal-based diet (control); control diet with 15% L. digitata (LA); LA diet with 0.005% Rovabio® Excel AP (LAR); LA diet with 0.01% alginate lyase (LAE). Final body weight was lower and feed conversion ratio higher with LA diet than with the control. The ileal viscosity increased with LA and LAR diets relative to control but without differences between LAE and control. The pH of thigh meat was higher, and the redness value of breast was lower with LA diet than with control. Meat overall acceptability was positively scored for all treatments. The γ-tocopherol decreased, whereas total chlorophylls and carotenoids increased in meat with alga diets relative to control. The percentage of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and accumulation of bromine and iodine in meat increased with alga diets compared with control. Feeding 15% of L. digitata to broilers impaired growth performance but enhanced meat quality by increasing antioxidant pigments, with beneficial effects on n-3 PUFA and iodineinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effect of Dietary Laminaria digitata with Carbohydrases on Broiler Production Performance and Meat Quality, Lipid Profile, and Mineral Composition

This article belongs to the Section Animal Nutrition.Simple Summary: Seaweeds represent promising alternatives to unsustainable conventional feed sources, such as cereals, incorporated in poultry diets. Brown macroalgae (e.g., Laminaria digitata) correspond to the largest cultured algal biomass worldwide and are rich in bioactive polysaccharides, minerals, and antioxidant pigments. However, their utilization as feed ingredients is limited due to the presence of an intricate gel-forming cell wall composed of indigestible carbohydrates, mainly alginate and fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides. Therefore, supplementation with carbohydrate-active enzymes is required to disrupt the cell wall and allow seaweed nutrients to be digested and absorbed in poultry gut. The present study aimed to evaluate if the dietary inclusion of 15% L. digitata, supplemented or not with carbohydrases, could improve the nutritional value of poultry meat without impairing growth performance of broiler chickens. The results show that L. digitata increases antioxidant pigments and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in meat, thus improving meat nutritional and health values. On the other hand, feeding algae at a high incorporation level impaired growth performance. Feed enzymatic supplementation had only residual effects, although alginate lyase decreased intestinal viscosity caused by dietary L. digitata with potential benefits for broiler digestibility.Abstract: We hypothesized that dietary inclusion of 15% Laminaria digitata, supplemented or not with carbohydrases, could improve the nutritional value of poultry meat without impairing animal growth performance. A total of 120 22-day old broilers were fed the following dietary treatments (n = 10) for 14 days: cereal-based diet (control); control diet with 15% L. digitata (LA); LA diet with 0.005% Rovabio® Excel AP (LAR); LA diet with 0.01% alginate lyase (LAE). Final body weight was lower and feed conversion ratio higher with LA diet than with the control. The ileal viscosity increased with LA and LAR diets relative to control but without differences between LAE and control. The pH of thigh meat was higher, and the redness value of breast was lower with LA diet than with control. Meat overall acceptability was positively scored for all treatments. The γ-tocopherol decreased, whereas total chlorophylls and carotenoids increased in meat with alga diets relative to control. The percentage of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and accumulation of bromine and iodine in meat increased with alga diets compared with control. Feeding 15% of L. digitata to broilers impaired growth performance but enhanced meat quality by increasing antioxidant pigments, with beneficial effects on n-3 PUFA and iodine.The study was funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal, through the PTDC/CAL-ZOO/30238/2017 grant, associated with a postdoctoral contract to M.M.C. and a PhD fellowship to D.C. (SFRH/BD/126198/2016), as well as CIISA (UIDB/00276/2020), AL4AnimalS (LA/P/0059/2020), and LEAF (UIDB/04129/2020) grants.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Risk factors for infection, predictors of severe disease, and antibody response to COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases in Portugal: a multicenter, nationwide study

Copyright © 2022 Cruz-Machado, Barreira, Bandeira, Veldhoen, Gomes, Serrano, Duarte, Rato, Miguel Fernandes, Garcia, Pinheiro, Bernardes, Madeira, Miguel, Torres, Bento Silva, Pestana, Almeida, Mazeda, Cunha Santos, Pinto, Sousa, Parente, Sequeira, Santos, Fonseca and Romão. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Objective: To identify risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and for severe/critical COVID-19, and to assess the humoral response after COVID-19 in these patients. Methods: Nationwide study of adult patients with inflammatory RMDs prospectively followed in the Rheumatic Diseases Portuguese Register-Reuma.pt-during the first 6 months of the pandemic. We compared patients with COVID-19 with those who did not develop the disease and patients with mild/moderate disease with those exhibiting severe/critical COVID-19. IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were measured ≥3 months after infection and results were compared with matched controls. Results: 162 cases of COVID-19 were registered in a total of 6,363 appointments. Patients treated with TNF inhibitors (TNFi; OR = 0.160, 95% CI 0.099-0.260, P < 0.001) and tocilizumab (OR 0.147, 95% CI 0.053-0.408, P < 0.001) had reduced odds of infection. Further, TNFi tended to be protective of severe and critical disease. Older age, major comorbidities, and rituximab were associated with an increased risk of infection and worse prognosis. Most patients with inflammatory RMDs (86.2%) developed a robust antibody response. Seroconversion was associated with symptomatic disease (OR 13.46, 95% CI 2.21-81.85, P = 0.005) and tended to be blunted by TNFi (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.03-1.05; P = 0.057). Conclusions: TNFi and tocilizumab reduced the risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2. Treatment with TNFi also tended to reduce rates of severe disease and seroconversion. Older age, general comorbidities and rituximab were associated with increased risk for infection and worse prognosis, in line with previous reports. Most patients with RMDs developed a proper antibody response after COVID-19, particularly if they had symptomatic disease.We acknowledge the generous sharing of the expression constructs by Dr. Florian Krammer, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA [Development of SARS-CoV-2 reagents was partially supported by the NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) contract HHSN272201400008C] and the protein production by Drs. Paula Alves and Rute Castro at Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET) Oeiras, Portugal as part of the Serology COVID consortium.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Protocolos em Medicina Interna - Serviço de Medicina lnterna do Hospital Central do Funchal

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