15,974 research outputs found
Local topological and chiral properties of QCD
To elucidate the role played by instantons in chiral symmetry breaking, we
explore their properties in full QCD, around the critical temperature. We study
in particular spatial correlations between low-lying Dirac eigenmodes and
instantons. Our measurements are compared with the predictions of
instanton-based models.Comment: LATTICE98(confine), 3 pgs, 4 figures (3 color
Exploring the structure of the quenched QCD vacuum with overlap fermions
Overlap fermions have an exact chiral symmetry on the lattice and are thus an
appropriate tool for investigating the chiral and topological structure of the
QCD vacuum. We study various chiral and topological aspects of quenched gauge
field configurations. This includes the localization and chiral properties of
the eigenmodes, the local structure of the ultraviolet filtered field strength
tensor, as well as the structure of topological charge fluctuations. We
conclude that the vacuum has a multifractal structure.Comment: 68 pages, 31 figures, file size: 1.7 MB (PDF
Prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections by geofencing and contextualized messages with a gamified APP, UBESAFE : Design and creation study
Advances in the development of information and communication technologies have facilitated social and sexual interrelationships, thanks to the websites and apps created to this end. However, these resources can also encourage sexual contacts without appropriate preventive measures in relation to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). How can users be helped to benefit from the advantages of these apps while keeping in mind those preventive measures? This study aimed to prevent STIs by helping users to remember preventive measures in the risky situations. We have used the design and creation methodology and have developed a software system. This system has two parts: an Android operating system app with emphasis on ubiquitous computing and gamification as well as a server with a webpage. First, a functional test with 5 men who have sex with men (MSM) allowed us to test the app with end users. In addition, a feasibility test with 4 MSM for a month allowed us to try the UBESAFE system with all its functionalities. The main output is a system called UBESAFE that is addressed to MSM. The system has two main parts: (1) an app that sends preventive contextualized messages to users when they use a contact app or when they are near a point where sexual contacts are likely and (2) a server part that was managed by the public health agency of Barcelona (ASPB), which preserves the quality and pertinence of messages and places and offers instant help to users. To increase users' adherence, UBESAFE uses a gamified system to engage users in the creation of preventive messages. Users increased the initial pool of messages by more than 100% (34/30) and created more than 56% (9/16) of places (named hot zones). The system helped MSM who used it to become conscious about HIV and other STIs. The system also helped the ASPB to stay in contact with MSM and to detect behaviors that could benefit from preventive measures. All functions were performed in a nonintrusive manner because users used the app privately. Furthermore, the system has shown how important it is to make users a part of the creation process as well as to develop apps that work by themselves and thus become useful to the users
An Instanton Picture O.P.E. <A^2> Condensate?
Gluon two- and three-point Green Functions computed in Landau gauge from the
lattice show the existence of power corrections to the purely perturbative
expressions, that can be explained through an Operator Product Expansion as the
influence of a non gauge invariant mass dimension two condensate. The
relationship of this condensate with topological properties of QCD, namely
instantons, will be studied, giving a first estimate of the contribution of
instantons to this condensate based in the direct lattice measure, after a
cooling process, of the instanton liquid properties.Comment: Lattice2002(topology) contribution, 3 pages, 2 figure
O.P.E. and Power Corrections to the QCD coupling constant
Lattice data seems to show that power corrections should be convoked to
describe appropriately the transition of the QCD coupling constant running from
U.V. to I.R. domains. Those power corrections for the Landau-gauge MOM coupling
constant in a pure Yang-Mills theory (N_f=0) are analysed in terms of Operator
Product Expansion (O.P.E.) of two- and three-point Green functions, the gluon
condensate emerging from this study. The semi-classical picture given by
instantons can be also used to look for into the nature of the power
corrections and gluon condensate.Comment: 5 pages, talk given at XXX International Meeting on Fundamental
Physics, Jaca 200
Oil volatility, oil and gas firms and portfolio diversification
This paper investigates the volatility spillovers and co-movements among oil prices and stock prices of major oil and gas corporations over the period between 18th June 2001 and 1st February 2016. To do so, we use the spillover index approach by Diebold and Yilmaz (2009, 2012, 2014, 2015) and the dynamic correlation coefficient model of Engle (2002) so as to identify the transmission mechanisms of volatility shocks and the contagion of volatility among oil prices and stock prices of oil and gas companies, respectively. Given that volatility transmission across oil and major oil and gas corporations is important for portfolio diversification and risk management, we also examine optimal weights and hedge ratios among the aforementioned series. Our results point to the existence of significant volatility spillover effects among oil and oil and gas companies’ stock volatility. However, the spillover is usually unidirectional from oil and gas companies’ stock volatility to oil volatility, with BP, CHEVRON, EXXON, SHELL and TOTAL being the major net transmitters of volatility to oil markets. Conditional correlations are positive and time-varying, with those between each of the aforementioned companies and oil being the highest. Finally, the diversification benefits and hedging effectiveness based on our results are discussed
Generalized FAST approach for seismic assessment of infilled RC MRF buildings: application to the 2011 Lorca earthquake
A generalized formulation of FAST vulnerability method for Reinforced
Concrete Moment Resisting Frame (RC-MRF) buildings with non-uniform
distribution of masonry infills in elevation is presented. This method belongs to
the wider family of spectral-based methodologies. It was already proposed for
uniformly infilled frames, and then applied to different earthquakes
for benchmarking purposes. The new generalized approach allows us to consider
a reduction of the amount of infills at the ground floor. Thus, this new version of
FAST is capable of computing all intermediate situations between the opposite
cases: uniformly infilled and pilotis (no infills at ground storey) MRF. Finally,
this generalized FAST method is applied to the case of the Lorca (Spain) 2011
earthquake, using parameters according to the local construction practice of the
area. Results show a fair agreement with damage survey data.Gómez-Martínez, F.; Perez-Garcia, A.; De Luca, F.; Verderame, GM. (2014). Generalized FAST approach for seismic assessment of infilled RC MRF buildings: application to the 2011 Lorca earthquake. WIT Transactions on the Built Environment. 141:427-443. doi:10.2495/SUSI140371S42744314
Traversable wormholes coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics
In this work we explore the possible existence of static, spherically
symmetric and stationary, axisymmetric traversable wormholes coupled to
nonlinear electrodynamics. Considering static and spherically symmetric (2+1)
and (3+1)-dimensional wormhole spacetimes, we verify the presence of an event
horizon and the non-violation of the null energy condition at the throat. For
the former spacetime, the principle of finiteness is imposed, in order to
obtain regular physical fields at the throat. Next, we analyze the
(2+1)-dimensional stationary and axisymmetric wormhole, and also verify the
presence of an event horizon, rendering the geometry non-traversable.
Relatively to the (3+1)-dimensional stationary and axisymmetric wormhole
geometry, we find that the field equations impose specific conditions that are
incompatible with the properties of wormholes. Thus, we prove the non-existence
of the general class of traversable wormhole solutions, outlined above, within
the context of nonlinear electrodynamics.Comment: 9 pages, Revtex4. V2: major change in title; considerable additions
in the Introduction and in the rotating solution, no physics changes;
correction of a reference, one reference added; now 10 pages. This version to
appear in Classical and Quantum Gravit
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