TRANSFORMAÇÕES RECENTES NA AGROPECUÁRIA PARANAENSE – UMA AVALIAÇÃO A PARTIR DOS DADOS DE CENSO AGROPECUÁRIO DE 2006.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo verificar, a partir dos dados do Censo Agropecuário de 2006, se nos últimos anos ocorreu uma intensificação das transformações estruturais da agropecuária paranaense, em curso desde meado da década de 1970. Assume-se por hipótese que a intensificação do processo de modernização, favoreceu a concentração fundiária e a redução do número de pessoas ocupadas nos estabelecimentos agropecuários, prejudicando o desenvolvimento sócio-econômico dos pequenos municípios. A partir das análises realizadas foi possível confirmar os principais pressupostos assumidos. Constatou-se o agravamento da concentração fundiária a partir do aumento do tamanho médio dos estabelecimentos agropecuários e que os seus efeitos foram mais acentuados nos pequenos municípios.---------------------------------------------------This article aims to ascertain from the Census agricultural, 2006, If in recent years occurred intensification of structural changes paranaense agribusiness, ongoing since middle of the decade of 1970. It is by chance that the intensification of the process of modernization, boosted land concentration and reduction of the number of persons employed in the agricultural establishments, damaging the socio-economic development of small municipalities. From the analyses it was possible to confirm the key assumptions made. It was the worsening concentration of land from the increase in the average size of farm establishments and that its effects were more pronounced in small municipalities.Agropecuária Paranaense, Mudanças Estruturais, Estrutura Fundiária, Paranaense Agribusiness, Structural Changes, Land Concentration, Agribusiness,

Survival of severely compromised endodontically treated teeth restored with or without a fiber glass pos

Objective: The use of a fiber glass post (FGP) type and choice of FGP diameter to restore endodontically treated incisors without ferrule is controversial. This study evaluated survival rate and failure mode of severely compromised central incisors without ferrule rehabilitated using resin-based composite (RBC) with or without FGP with different diameters. Methodology: A total of 60 decoronated bovine incisors without a ferrule were endodontically treated and prepared for 1.4, 1.6, and 1.8 mm diameter FGPs (Whitepost System DC 0.5, Fit 0.4, and DCE 0.5; FGM). Half of the teeth received FGPs cemented using dual-cure resin cement (Allcem Core; FGM), the other half were filled using only bulk-fill RBC (OPUS Bulk Fill; FGM). The crowns were directly restored with RBC. The roots were embedded in polystyrene resin and the periodontal ligament was simulated with polyether impression material. Fatigue testing was conducted under 5 Hz cyclic loading at 30 degrees to the incisal edge, beginning at 50 N (5,000 cycles) as a warmup. After, the load was increased 100 N every 15,000 cycles until fracture occurred. All specimens were subjected to transillumination, micro-CT analysis, and digital radiography before and after fatigue testing. Fracture mode was classified according to severity and repair potential. Data were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival test and post hoc log-rank test (α=0.05) for pairwise comparisons. Results: Using FGP significantly increased the number of cycles to failure, irrespective of FGP diameters (p=0.001). The FGP diameters had no statistically significant effect on cycles to failure or failure mode. Conclusion: Using FGP without ferrule improved survival rate of structurally severely compromised central incisors compared with rehabilitation without FGP. The diameter of the FGPs had no effect on the survival rate and failure mode

Smoking-induced aggravation of experimental arthritis is dependent of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation in Th17 cells.

Background: Epidemiologic studies have highlighted the association of environmental factors with the development and progression of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Among the environmental factors, smoking has been associated with increased susceptibility and poor prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the immune and molecular mechanism of smoking-induced arthritis aggravation remains unclear. The transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) regulates the generation of Th17 cells, CD4 T cells linked the development of autoimmune diseases. AHR is activated by organic compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are environmental pollutants that are also present in cigarette smoke. In this study, we investigated the role of AHR activation in the aggravation of experiment arthritis induced by exposure to cigarette smoke. Methods: Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke during the developmental phase of antigen-induced arthritis and collagen-induced arthritis to evaluate the effects of smoking on disease development. Aggravation of articular inflammation was assessed by measuring neutrophil migration to the joints, increase in articular hyperalgesia and changes in the frequencies of Th17 cells. In vitro studies were performed to evaluate the direct effects of cigarette smoke and PAH on Th17 differentiation. We also used mice genetically deficient for AHR (Ahr KO) and IL-17Ra (Il17ra KO) to determine the in vivo mechanism of smoking-induced arthritis aggravation. Results: We found that smoking induces arthritis aggravation and increase in the frequencies of Th17 cells. The absence of IL-17 signaling (Il17ra KO) conferred protection to smoking-induced arthritis aggravation. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that cigarette smoke can directly increase Th17 differentiation of T cells by inducing AHR activation. Indeed, Ahr KO mice were protected from cigarette smoke-induced arthritis aggravation and did not display increase in TH17 frequencies, suggesting that AHR activation is an important mechanism for cigarette smoke effects on arthritis. Finally, we demonstrate that PAHs are also able to induce arthritis aggravation. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that the disease-exacerbating effects of cigarette smoking are AHR dependent and environmental pollutants with AHR agonist activity can induce arthritis aggravation by directly enhancing Th17 cell development

Genome sequence and effectorome of Moniliophthora perniciosa and Moniliophthora roreri subpopulations

Background: The hemibiotrophic pathogens Moniliophthora perniciosa (witches' broom disease) and Moniliophthora roreri (frosty pod rot disease) are among the most important pathogens of cacao. Moniliophthora perniciosa has a broad host range and infects a variety of meristematic tissues in cacao plants, whereas M. roreri infects only pods of Theobroma and Herrania genera. Comparative pathogenomics of these fungi is essential to understand Moniliophthora infection strategies, therefore the detection and in silico functional characterization of effector candidates are important steps to gain insight on their pathogenicity. Results: Candidate secreted effector proteins repertoire were predicted using the genomes of five representative isolates of M. perniciosa subpopulations (three from cacao and two from solanaceous hosts), and one representative isolate of M. roreri from Peru. Many putative effectors candidates were identified in M. perniciosa: 157 and 134 in cacao isolates from Bahia, Brazil; 109 in cacao isolate from Ecuador, 92 and 80 in wild solanaceous isolates from Minas Gerais (Lobeira) and Bahia (Caiçara), Brazil; respectively. Moniliophthora roreri showed the highest number of effector candidates, a total of 243. A set of eight core effectors were shared among all Moniliophthora isolates, while others were shared either between the wild solanaceous isolates or among cacao isolates. Mostly, candidate effectors of M. perniciosa were shared among the isolates, whereas in M. roreri nearly 50% were exclusive to the specie. In addition, a large number of cell wall-degrading enzymes characteristic of hemibiotrophic fungi were found. From these, we highlighted the proteins involved in cell wall modification, an enzymatic arsenal that allows the plant pathogens to inhabit environments with oxidative stress, which promotes degradation of plant compounds and facilitates infection. Conclusions: The present work reports six genomes and provides a database of the putative effectorome of Moniliophthora, a first step towards the understanding of the functional basis of fungal pathogenicity

Cowpea cultivars produced with different phosphorus levels / Desempenho de cultivares de feijão-caupi em função de doses de fósforo

Com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho do feijão-caupi submetido a doses de fósforo (P), foi realizado um estudo no campo experimental da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, em um Latossolo Amarelo Distrófico Típico, utilizando as cultivares BRS Guariba e BRS Xiquexique . Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro doses de P: 0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1 de P2O5. As unidades experimentais foram compostas por cinco linhas de semeadura espaçadas de 0,5 e 0,6 m, com espaçamento entre plantas de 0,1 e 0,125 m, respectivamente, de acordo com uma cultivar trabalhada. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados com três repetições. As plantas foram cultivadas em regime de sequeiro, até chegarem ao ponto de colheita.No início da floração, como foram retidas para avaliar a produção de massa seca e área foliar. No final do ciclo, os componentes de produção da cultura foram quantificados. Os dados foram analisados à análise de variância e, posteriormente, foi realizada uma análise de regressão Polinomial por meio do programa estatístico Sisvar ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. A fertilização fosfatada aumentou a produção de massa de matéria seca, o número de vagens por planta e de grãos por vagem, além de aumentar a produtividade. 

Linking plant phenology to conservation biology

Phenology has achieved a prominent position in current scenarios of global change research given its role inmonitoring and predicting the timing of recurrent life cycle events. However, the implications of phenology to environmental conservation and management remain poorly explored. Here,we present the first explicit appraisal of howphenology-amultidisciplinary science encompassing biometeorology, ecology, and evolutionary biology- can make a key contribution to contemporary conservation biology. We focus on shifts in plant phenology induced by global change, their impacts on species diversity and plant-animal interactions in the tropics, and how conservation efforts could be enhanced in relation to plant resource organization. We identify the effects of phenological changes and mismatches in the maintenance and conservation of mutualistic interactions, and examine how phenological research can contribute to evaluate, manage and mitigate the consequences of land-use change and other natural and anthropogenic disturbances, such as fire, exotic and invasive species. Wealso identify cutting-edge tools that can improve the spatial and temporal coverage of phenological monitoring, from satellites to drones and digital cameras. We highlight the role of historical information in recovering long-term phenological time series, and track climate-related shifts in tropical systems. Finally, we propose a set of measures to boost the contribution of phenology to conservation science.Weadvocate the inclusion of phenology into predictive models integrating evolutionary history to identify species groups that are either resilient or sensitive to future climate-change scenarios, and understand how phenological m ismatches can affect community dynamics, ecosystem services, and conservation over time

TETRALOGIA DE FALLOT: AVANÇOS NO DIAGNÓSTICO E TRATAMENTO - UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA

Introduction: Tetralogy of Fallot (TF) is a prevalent congenital heart disease characterized by four main cardiac anomalies. Significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of TF have been achieved in recent decades, including the crucial role of cardiac imaging techniques and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. Objective: This study aims to review advances in the diagnosis and treatment of Tetralogy of Fallot. Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out using electronic databases, with inclusion criteria for original studies and reviews that addressed relevant aspects of TF. The selected articles were critically analyzed to extract information on recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of TF. Results and Discussion: Fetal echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging have played a crucial role in the early diagnosis and detailed characterization of FT. In addition, new therapeutic approaches, such as minimally invasive surgery, are improving clinical outcomes and patients' quality of life. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach and emerging technologies was also highlighted. Conclusion: Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of Tetralogy of Fallot represent a significant milestone in the approach to this condition. Multidisciplinary collaboration and ongoing research are key to optimizing patient care and improving clinical outcomes.Introducción: La tetralogía de Fallot (TF) es una cardiopatía congénita prevalente caracterizada por cuatro anomalías cardiacas principales. En las últimas décadas se han producido avances significativos en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la TF, incluyendo el papel crucial de las técnicas de imagen cardiaca y el desarrollo de enfoques terapéuticos innovadores. Objetivo: Este estudio pretende revisar los avances en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la Tetralogía de Fallot. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica utilizando bases de datos electrónicas, con criterios de inclusión de estudios originales y revisiones que abordaran aspectos relevantes de la TF. Los artículos seleccionados se analizaron críticamente para extraer información sobre los avances recientes en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la TF. Resultados y discusión: La ecocardiografía fetal y la resonancia magnética cardiaca han desempeñado un papel crucial en el diagnóstico precoz y la caracterización detallada de la FT. Además, los nuevos enfoques terapéuticos, como la cirugía mínimamente invasiva, están mejorando los resultados clínicos y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. También se hizo hincapié en la importancia de un enfoque multidisciplinar y de las tecnologías emergentes. Conclusión: Los avances en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la tetralogía de Fallot representan un hito importante en el abordaje de esta afección. La colaboración multidisciplinar y la investigación continua son fundamentales para optimizar la atención al paciente y mejorar los resultados clínicos.A Tetralogia de Fallot (TF) é uma cardiopatia congênita prevalente, caracterizada por quatro anomalias cardíacas principais. Avanços significativos no diagnóstico e tratamento da TF têm sido alcançados nas últimas décadas, incluindo o papel crucial das técnicas de imagem cardíaca e o desenvolvimento de abordagens terapêuticas inovadoras. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo revisar os avanços no diagnóstico e tratamento da Tetralogia de Fallot. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica utilizando bases de dados eletrônicas, com critérios de inclusão para estudos originais e revisões que abordassem aspectos relevantes da TF. Os artigos selecionados foram analisados criticamente para extrair informações sobre os avanços recentes no diagnóstico e tratamento da TF. Resultados e Discussão: A ecocardiografia fetal e a ressonância magnética cardíaca têm desempenhado um papel crucial no diagnóstico precoce e na caracterização detalhada da TF. Além disso, novas abordagens terapêuticas, como a cirurgia minimamente invasiva, estão melhorando os resultados clínicos e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. A importância da abordagem multidisciplinar e das tecnologias emergentes também foi destacada.Conclusão: Os avanços no diagnóstico e tratamento da Tetralogia de Fallot representam um marco significativo na abordagem dessa condição. A colaboração multidisciplinar e a pesquisa contínua são fundamentais para otimizar o cuidado dos pacientes e melhorar os resultados clínicos a longo prazo.Introdução: A Tetralogia de Fallot (TF) é uma cardiopatia congênita prevalente, caracterizada por quatro anomalias cardíacas principais. Avanços significativos no diagnóstico e tratamento da TF têm sido alcançados nas últimas décadas, incluindo o papel crucial das técnicas de imagem cardíaca e o desenvolvimento de abordagens terapêuticas inovadoras. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo revisar os avanços no diagnóstico e tratamento da Tetralogia de Fallot. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica utilizando bases de dados eletrônicas, com critérios de inclusão para estudos originais e revisões que abordassem aspectos relevantes da TF. Os artigos selecionados foram analisados criticamente para extrair informações sobre os avanços recentes no diagnóstico e tratamento da TF. Resultados e Discussão: A ecocardiografia fetal e a ressonância magnética cardíaca têm desempenhado um papel crucial no diagnóstico precoce e na caracterização detalhada da TF. Além disso, novas abordagens terapêuticas, como a cirurgia minimamente invasiva, estão melhorando os resultados clínicos e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. A importância da abordagem multidisciplinar e das tecnologias emergentes também foi destacada.Conclusão: Os avanços no diagnóstico e tratamento da Tetralogia de Fallot representam um marco significativo na abordagem dessa condição. A colaboração multidisciplinar e a pesquisa contínua são fundamentais para otimizar o cuidado dos pacientes e melhorar os resultados clínicos a longo prazo

Ticks infesting wild small rodents in three areas of the state of São Paulo, Brazil Carrapatos infestando pequenos roedores silvestres em três municípios do estado de São Paulo, Brasil

ABSTRACT From May to September 2011, a total of 138 wild rodents of the Cricetidae family were collected in the cities o